Add DLQ sample (#20739)

* Add DLQ sample

* Fix broken links

* PR FB

sdk/servicebus/Azure.Messaging.ServiceBus/samples/DeadLetterQueue/DeadLetterQueue.csproj

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+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+    <PropertyGroup>
+        <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+        <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <PackageReference Include="Azure.Identity" Version="1.2.1" />
+<!--      Using project reference out until processor subqueue fix is released-->
+<!--      <PackageReference Include="Azure.Messaging.ServiceBus" Version="7.2.0-beta.2" />-->
+      <PackageReference Include="System.CommandLine" Version="2.0.0-beta1.21216.1" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\Azure.Messaging.ServiceBus.csproj" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>

sdk/servicebus/Azure.Messaging.ServiceBus/samples/DeadLetterQueue/Program.cs

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+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.CommandLine;
+using System.CommandLine.Invocation;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Azure.Identity;
+using Azure.Messaging.ServiceBus;
+
+namespace DeadLetterQueue
+{
+    // This sample shows how to move messages to the Dead-letter queue, how to retrieve
+    // messages from it, and resubmit corrected message back into the main queue. 
+    public class Program
+    {
+        private static ServiceBusClient _client;
+
+        public static async Task Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            var command = new RootCommand("Demonstrates the DeadLetter feature of Azure Service Bus.")
+            {
+                new Option<string>(
+                    alias: "--namespace",
+                    description: "Fully qualified Service Bus Queue namespace to use") { Name = "FullyQualifiedNamespace" },
+                new Option<string>(
+                    alias: "--queue",
+                    description: "Service Bus Queue Name to use") { IsRequired = true, Name = "QueueName"},
+                new Option<string>(
+                    alias: "--connection-variable",
+                    description: "The name of an environment variable containing the connection string to use.") { Name = "Connection"},
+            };
+            command.Handler = CommandHandler.Create<string, string, string>(RunAsync);
+            await command.InvokeAsync(args);
+        }
+
+        private static async Task RunAsync(string fullyQualifiedNamespace, string queueName, string connection)
+        {
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(connection))
+            {
+                _client = new ServiceBusClient(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(connection));
+            }
+            else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(fullyQualifiedNamespace))
+            {
+                _client = new ServiceBusClient(fullyQualifiedNamespace, new DefaultAzureCredential());
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(
+                    "Either a fully qualified namespace or a connection string environment variable must be specified.");
+            }
+
+            var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
+            var sender = _client.CreateSender(queueName);
+
+            // For the delivery count scenario, we first send a single message, 
+            // and then pick it up and abandon it until is "disappears" from the queue.
+            // Then we fetch the message from the dead-letter queue (DLQ) and inspect it. 
+            await SendMessages(sender, 1);
+            await ExceedMaxDeliveryAsync(queueName);
+
+            // For the fix-up scenario, we send a series of messages to a queue, and
+            // run a receive loop that explicitly pushes messages into the DLQ when 
+            // they don't satisfy a processing condition. The fix-up receive loop inspects 
+            // the DLQ, fixes the "faulty" messages, and resubmits them into processing. 
+            var sendTask = SendMessages(sender, int.MaxValue);
+            var receiveTask = ReceiveMessages(queueName, cts.Token);
+            var fixupTask = PickUpAndFixDeadletters(queueName, sender, cts.Token);
+
+            // wait for a key press or 10 seconds
+            await Task.WhenAny(
+                Task.Run(() => Console.ReadKey()),
+                Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10))
+            );
+
+            // end the processing 
+            cts.Cancel();
+            // await shutdown and exit
+            await Task.WhenAll(sendTask, receiveTask, fixupTask);
+        }
+
+        private static Task SendMessages(ServiceBusSender sender, int maxMessages)
+        {
+            dynamic data = new[]
+            {
+                new {name = "Einstein", firstName = "Albert"},
+                new {name = "Heisenberg", firstName = "Werner"},
+                new {name = "Curie", firstName = "Marie"},
+                new {name = "Hawking", firstName = "Steven"},
+                new {name = "Newton", firstName = "Isaac"},
+                new {name = "Bohr", firstName = "Niels"},
+                new {name = "Faraday", firstName = "Michael"},
+                new {name = "Galilei", firstName = "Galileo"},
+                new {name = "Kepler", firstName = "Johannes"},
+                new {name = "Kopernikus", firstName = "Nikolaus"}
+            };
+
+            // send a message for each data entry, but at most maxMessages
+            // we're sending in a loop, but don't block on each send, but 
+            // rather collect all sends in a list and then wait for all of
+            // them to complete asynchronously, which is much faster  
+            var tasks = new List<Task>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < Math.Min(data.Length, maxMessages); i++)
+            {
+                // each message has a JSON body with one of the data rows
+                var message = new ServiceBusMessage(new BinaryData(jsonSerializable: data[i]))
+                {
+                    ContentType = "application/json", // JSON data
+                    Subject = i % 2 == 0 ? "Scientist" : "Physicist", // random picked header
+                    MessageId = i.ToString(), // message-id 
+                    TimeToLive = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(2) // message expires in 2 minutes 
+                };
+
+                // start sending this message
+                lock (Console.Out)
+                {
+                    Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.DarkYellow;
+                    Console.WriteLine($"Message sent: Id = {message.MessageId}");
+                    Console.ResetColor();
+                }
+
+                // After the send task is complete, output this to the console.
+                tasks.Add(sender.SendMessageAsync(message).ContinueWith((t) =>
+                {
+                    lock (Console.Out)
+                    {
+                        Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Yellow;
+                        Console.WriteLine($"\tMessage acknowledged: Id = {message.MessageId}");
+                        Console.ResetColor();
+                    }
+                }));
+            }
+
+            return Task.WhenAll(tasks);
+        }
+
+
+        private static async Task ExceedMaxDeliveryAsync(string queueName)
+        {
+            ServiceBusReceiver receiver = _client.CreateReceiver(queueName);
+
+            while (true)
+            {
+                // Ask the broker to return any message readily available or return with no 
+                // result after 2 seconds (allowing for clients with great network latency)
+                ServiceBusReceivedMessage msg = await receiver.ReceiveMessageAsync(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));
+                if (msg != null)
+                {
+                    // Now we immediately abandon the message, which increments the DeliveryCount
+                    Console.WriteLine($"Picked up message: Id = {msg.MessageId}; DeliveryCount {msg.DeliveryCount}");
+                    await receiver.AbandonMessageAsync(msg);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Once the system moves the message to the DLQ, the main queue is empty 
+                    // and the loop exits as ReceiveAsync returns null.
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // For picking up the message from a DLQ, we make a receiver just like for a 
+            // regular queue. We could also use QueueClient and a registered handler here. 
+            // The required path is constructed with the EntityNameHelper.FormatDeadLetterPath() 
+            // helper method, and always follows the pattern "{entity}/$DeadLetterQueue", 
+            // meaning that for a queue "Q1", the path is "Q1/$DeadLetterQueue" and for a 
+            // topic "T1" and subscription "S1", the path is "T1/Subscriptions/S1/$DeadLetterQueue" 
+            ServiceBusReceiver deadletterReceiver = _client.CreateReceiver(queueName,
+                new ServiceBusReceiverOptions {SubQueue = SubQueue.DeadLetter});
+            while (true)
+            {
+                // receive a message
+                ServiceBusReceivedMessage message =
+                    await deadletterReceiver.ReceiveMessageAsync(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
+                if (message != null)
+                {
+                    // write out the message deadletter information
+                    Console.WriteLine("Deadletter message:");
+                    Console.WriteLine($"DeadLetterReason = {message.DeadLetterReason}");
+                    Console.WriteLine($"DeadLetterErrorDescription = {message.DeadLetterErrorDescription}");
+
+                    // complete and therefore remove the message from the DLQ
+                    await deadletterReceiver.CompleteMessageAsync(message);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // DLQ was empty on last receive attempt
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static Task ReceiveMessages(string queueName, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            var doneReceiving = new TaskCompletionSource<bool>();
+            ServiceBusProcessor processor = _client.CreateProcessor(queueName);
+
+            // close the receiver and factory when the CancellationToken fires 
+            cancellationToken.Register(
+                async () =>
+                {
+                    await processor.CloseAsync();
+                    doneReceiving.SetResult(true);
+                });
+
+            processor.ProcessMessageAsync += async args =>
+            {
+                ServiceBusReceivedMessage message = args.Message;
+                // If the message holds JSON data and the label is set to "Scientist", 
+                // we accept the message and print it.
+                if (message.Subject != null &&
+                    message.ContentType != null &&
+                    message.Subject.Equals("Scientist", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) &&
+                    message.ContentType.Equals("application/json", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    var body = message.Body;
+
+                    // System.Text.JSON does not currently support deserializing to dynamic
+                    Dictionary<string, string> scientist = body.ToObjectFromJson<Dictionary<string, string>>();
+
+                    lock (Console.Out)
+                    {
+                        Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Cyan;
+                        Console.WriteLine(
+                            "\t\t\t\tMessage received: \n\t\t\t\t\t\tMessageId = {0}, \n\t\t\t\t\t\tSequenceNumber = {1}," +
+                            " \n\t\t\t\t\t\tEnqueuedTime = {2}," + "\n\t\t\t\t\t\tExpiresAt = {4}, \n\t\t\t\t\t\tContentType = \"{3}\"," +
+                            " \n\t\t\t\t\t\tContent: [ firstName = {5}, name = {6} ]",
+                            message.MessageId,
+                            message.SequenceNumber,
+                            message.EnqueuedTime,
+                            message.ContentType,
+                            message.ExpiresAt,
+                            scientist["firstName"],
+                            scientist["name"]);
+                        Console.ResetColor();
+                    }
+
+                    await args.CompleteMessageAsync(message, args.CancellationToken);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // if the messages doesn't fit the criteria above, we deadletter it
+                    await args.DeadLetterMessageAsync(message, cancellationToken: args.CancellationToken);
+                }
+            };
+
+            processor.ProcessErrorAsync += LogMessageHandlerException;
+            _ = processor.StartProcessingAsync(cancellationToken);
+            return doneReceiving.Task;
+        }
+
+        private static Task PickUpAndFixDeadletters(string queueName, ServiceBusSender resubmitSender, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            var doneReceiving = new TaskCompletionSource<bool>();
+
+            // here, we create a receiver on the Deadletter queue
+            ServiceBusProcessor dlqProcessor =
+                _client.CreateProcessor(queueName, new ServiceBusProcessorOptions {SubQueue = SubQueue.DeadLetter});
+
+            // close the receiver and factory when the CancellationToken fires 
+            cancellationToken.Register(
+                async () =>
+                {
+                    await dlqProcessor.CloseAsync();
+                    doneReceiving.SetResult(true);
+                });
+
+            // register the RegisterMessageHandler callback
+            dlqProcessor.ProcessMessageAsync += async args =>
+            {
+                // first, we create a new sendable message of the picked up message
+                // that we can resubmit. 
+                var resubmitMessage = new ServiceBusMessage(args.Message);
+                // if the message has an "error" we know the main loop
+                // can't handle, let's fix the message
+                if (resubmitMessage.Subject != null && resubmitMessage.Subject.Equals("Physicist"))
+                {
+                    lock (Console.Out)
+                    {
+                        Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Red;
+                        Console.WriteLine(
+                            "\t\tFixing: \n\t\t\tMessageId = {0}, \n\t\t\tSequenceNumber = {1}, \n\t\t\tLabel = {2}",
+                            args.Message.MessageId,
+                            args.Message.SequenceNumber,
+                            args.Message.Subject);
+                        Console.ResetColor();
+                    }
+
+                    // set the label to "Scientist"
+                    resubmitMessage.Subject = "Scientist";
+                    // and re-enqueue the cloned message
+                    await resubmitSender.SendMessageAsync(resubmitMessage);
+                }
+
+                // finally complete the original message and remove it from the DLQ
+                await args.CompleteMessageAsync(args.Message);
+            };
+            dlqProcessor.ProcessErrorAsync += LogMessageHandlerException;
+            _ = dlqProcessor.StartProcessingAsync();
+            return doneReceiving.Task;
+        }
+
+        private static Task LogMessageHandlerException(ProcessErrorEventArgs e)
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine($"Exception: \"{e.Exception.Message}\" {e.EntityPath}");
+            return Task.CompletedTask;
+        }
+    }
+}