Step by step installation of cumulus linux
You use the Advanced Packaging Tool (apt) to manage additional applications (in the form of packages) and to install the latest updates.
Before running any
apt-get
commands or after changing the /etc/apt/sources.list file, you need to run
apt-get update
The
apt-get upgrade
and
apt-get install
commands cause disruptions to network services:
The apt-get upgrade command might result in services being restarted or stopped as part of the upgrade process. The apt-get install command might disrupt core services by changing core service dependency packages. In some cases, installing new packages with apt-get install might also upgrade additional existing packages due to dependencies. To view the additional packages that will be installed and/or upgraded before installing, run
apt-get install --dry-run.
Cumulus Networks recommends you use the -E option with sudo whenever you run any apt-get command. This option preserves your environment variables (such as HTTP proxies) before you install new packages or upgrade your distribution.
cumulus@switch:~$ dpkg -l | grep {name of package}
If the package is installed already, ensure it is the version you need. If the package is an older version, update the package from the Cumulus Linux repository:
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get upgrade
If the package is not already on the system, add it by running
apt-get install
. This retrieves the package from the Cumulus Linux repository and installs it on your system together with any other packages on which this package might depend.
For example, the following adds the package
tcpreplay
to the system:
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get install tcpreplay
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
tcpreplay
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 436 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1008 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 https://repo.cumulusnetworks.com/ CumulusLinux-1.5/main tcpreplay amd64 4.6.2-5+deb8u1 [436 kB]
Fetched 436 kB in 0s (1501 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package tcpreplay.
(Reading database ... 15930 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking tcpreplay (from .../tcpreplay_4.6.2-5+deb8u1_amd64.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up tcpreplay (4.6.2-5+deb8u1) ...
cumulus@switch:~$
The APT cache contains information about all the packages available on the repository. To see which packages are actually installed on your system, use dpkg. The following example lists all the package names on the system that contain tcp :
cumulus@switch:~$ dpkg -l \*tcp\*
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-=============================-===================-===================-===============================================================
un tcpd <none> <none> (no description available)
ii tcpdump 4.6.2-5+deb8u1 amd64 command-line network traffic analyzer
cumulus@switch:~$
You can upgrade a single package by running
apt-get install
. Perform an update first so that the APT cache is populated with the latest package information.
To see if a package needs to be upgraded, run the
apt-cache show <pkgname>
command to show the latest version number of the package. Use
dpkg -l <pkgname>
to show the version number of the installed package.
You can update all packages on the system by running
apt-get update
, then
apt-get upgrade
. This upgrades all installed versions with their latest versions but does not install any new packages.
As shipped, Cumulus Linux searches the Cumulus Linux repository for available packages. You can add additional repositories to search by adding them to the list of sources that
apt-get
consults. See
man sources.list
for more information.
Cumulus Networks has added features or made bug fixes to certain packages; you must not replace these packages with versions from other repositories. Cumulus Linux is configured to ensure that the packages from the Cumulus Linux repository are always preferred over packages from other repositories.
If you want to install packages that are not in the Cumulus Linux repository, the procedure is the same as above, but with one additional step.
Packages that are not part of the Cumulus Linux Repository are not typically tested and might not be supported by Cumulus Linux Technical Support.
Installing packages outside of the Cumulus Linux repository requires the use of apt-get; however, depending on the package, you can use
easy-install
and other commands.
1.Run the dpkg command to ensure that the package is not already installed on the system:
cumulus@switch:~$ dpkg -l | grep {name of package}
2.If the package is installed already, ensure it is the version you need. If it is an older version, update the package from the Cumulus Linux repository:
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get update
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get install {name of package}
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get upgrade
3.If the package is not on the system, the package source location is most likely not in the /etc/apt/sources.list file. If the source for the new package is not in sources.list, edit and add the appropriate source to the file. For example, add the following if you want a package from the Debian repository that is not in the Cumulus Linux repository:
deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian jessie main
deb http://security.debian.org/ jessie/updates main
Otherwise, the repository might be listed in /etc/apt/sources.list but is commented out, as can be the case with the early-access repository:
#deb http://repo3.cumulusnetworks.com/repo CumulusLinux-3-early-access cumulus
To uncomment the repository, remove the # at the start of the line, then save the file:
deb http://repo3.cumulusnetworks.com/repo CumulusLinux-3-early-access cumulus
4.Run
apt-get update
then install the package and upgrade:
**Network Disruptions When Updating/Upgrading**
The `apt-get upgrade` and `apt-get install` commands cause
disruptions to network services:
- The `apt-get upgrade` command might result in services being
restarted or stopped as part of the upgrade process.
- The `apt-get install` command might disrupt core services by
changing core service dependency packages.
In some cases, installing new packages with `apt-get install` might
also upgrade additional existing packages due to dependencies. To
review potential issues before installing, run `apt-get install
--dry-run`.
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get update
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get install {name of package}
cumulus@switch:~$ sudo -E apt-get upgrade
Cumulus Networks provides a Supplemental Repository that contains third party applications commonly installed on switches.
The repository is provided for convenience only. You can download and use these applications; however, the applications in this repository are not tested, developed, certified, or supported by Cumulus Networks.
Below is a non-exhaustive list of some of the packages present in the repository: 1.
htop
lets you view CPU, memory, and process information.
scamper
is an ECMP traceroute utility.
mtr
is an ECMP traceroute utility.
dhcpdump
is similar to TCPdump but focused only on DHCP traffic.
vim
is a text editor.
fping
provides a list of targets through textfile to check reachability.
Scapy
is a custom packet generator for testing.
bwm-ng
is a real-time bandwidth monitor.
iftop
is a real-time traffic monitor.
tshark
is a CLI version of wireshark.
nmap
is a network scanning utility.
Minicom
is a USB/Serial console utility that turns your switch into a terminal server (useful for out of band management switches to provide a console on the dataplane switches in the rack).
apt-cacher-ng
caches packages for mirroring purposes.
iftrap
is a ncurses-based traffic visualization utility.
swatch
monitors system activity. It reads a configuration file that contains patterns for which to search and actions to perform when each pattern is found.
dos2unix
converts line endings from Windows to Unix.
fail2ban
monitors log files (such as /var/log/auth.log and /var/log/apache/access.log) and temporarily or persistently bans the login of failure-prone IP addresses by updating existing firewall rules. This utility is not hardware accelerated on a Cumulus Linux switch, so only affects the control plane.
1.In a file editor, open the /etc/apt/sources.list file.
cumulus@leaf01:~$ sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
2.Uncomment the following lines:
#deb http://repo3.cumulusnetworks.com/repo Jessie-supplemental upstream
#deb-src http://repo3.cumulusnetworks.com/repo Jessie-supplemental upstream
3.Update the list of software packages:
cumulus@leaf01:~$ sudo apt-get update -y
4.Install the software in which you are interested:
cumulus@leaf01:~$ sudo apt-get install htop
1..https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/pkgtools.en.html
2..man pages for apt-get, dpkg, sources.list, apt_preferences