Add integer overflow check to the malloc wrappers

[LDong-Arm]

Summary of changes

Add a check that the combined size of the buffer to allocate and alloc_info_t does not exceed the maximum integer value representable by size_t.

Impact of changes

Migration actions required

Documentation

None.

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Pull request type

[x] Patch update (Bug fix / Target update / Docs update / Test update / Refactor)
[] Feature update (New feature / Functionality change / New API)
[] Major update (Breaking change E.g. Return code change / API behaviour change)

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Test results

[] No Tests required for this change (E.g docs only update)
[x] Covered by existing mbed-os tests (Greentea or Unittest)
[x] Tests / results supplied as part of this PR

Manual check: malloc(SIZE_MAX) now fails as expected.

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Reviewers

@evedon @donatieng

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[ciarmcom]

@LDong-Arm, thank you for your changes.
@evedon @donatieng @ARMmbed/mbed-os-maintainers please review.

[adbridge]

LGTM

[evedon]

Code change looks good

[donatieng]

Thank you @LDong-Arm!

[0xc0170]

CI started

[mbed-ci]

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jobs	Status
jenkins-ci/mbed-os-ci_unittests	✔️
jenkins-ci/mbed-os-ci_cmake-example-ARM	✔️
jenkins-ci/mbed-os-ci_cmake-example-GCC_ARM	✔️
jenkins-ci/mbed-os-ci_build-greentea-ARM	✔️
jenkins-ci/mbed-os-ci_build-greentea-GCC_ARM	✔️
jenkins-ci/mbed-os-ci_build-example-GCC_ARM	✔️
jenkins-ci/mbed-os-ci_build-example-ARM	✔️
jenkins-ci/mbed-os-ci_build-cloud-example-GCC_ARM	✔️
jenkins-ci/mbed-os-ci_build-cloud-example-ARM	✔️
jenkins-ci/mbed-os-ci_cmake-example-test	✔️
jenkins-ci/mbed-os-ci_greentea-test	✔️