[RFC] Apigility on Expressive

[weierophinney]

The following is a working draft of what we plan to build for an Expressive-based Apigility.

Updates will occur

We will be periodically updating the issue summary with feedback.

Table of Contents

• Middleware
• Generating middleware responses
• Routed API middleware
• Configuring pipeline middleware
  • Fixed schema
  • Configuration-driven
  • Abstract factories
  • Decorator middleware
  • Pipeline factories
• UI ideas
• Other questions
• Initial roadmap

Middleware

These are in order of operation.

• Versioning: We currently support two types of versioning: via Accept header, and via URL parameter. In each case, the versioning information is used when pulling the controller: the version is replaced in the mapped controller namespace prior to pulling it from the container.

  Adapting this to Expressive has some ramifications. While we can easily add middleware for detecting the version (it can look at the Accept header and/or request attributes), how do we handle switching which middleware we fetch based on that parameter?

  We have identified three discrete possibilities:

  • The first would be for Apigility to generate middleware for each resource, and have dispatch logic internally. As an example:

    public function process(ServerRequestInterface $request, DelegateInterface $delegate)
    {
        $method  = ucwords(strtolower($request->getMethod()))
        $version = $request->getAttribute(SOME_VERSION_CONSTANT, 1);
        $process = sprintf('process%sV%s', $method, $version);
    
        if (method_exists($process)) {
            return $this->$process($request, $delegate);
        }
    
        // method does not exist, return an error response...
    }

    The primary issues with this approach are:

    • Convention-based (in terms of naming methods), which can lead to errors.
    • Easiest accomplished via extension and/or composing a trait (inheritance issues).
    • Makes it harder to have one middleware per HTTP method/URI combination.

    That said, it's the simplest of the approaches.

  • Custom dispatcher. In this case, the dispatcher would choose a different middleware based on the version identified. The main issues with this are:

    • Would require placing the middleware name in the Route, not just the middleware. Since v2, we always store middleware (as we use the LazyLoadingMiddleware for service names).

    • Would require changing an application to use the alternative dispatch middleware in order to opt-in to versioning.

  • Custom lazy-loading middleware. The LazyLoadingMiddleware has access to the request instance, which means that it can get the versioning information, and then alter the middleware name before attempting to fetch it.

    The main drawback to this approach is it would require altering Zend\Expressive\Application to allow providing an alternate LazyLoadingMiddleware implementation to use when piping/routing middleware.

• Problem Details: This middleware would act as a PHP Error/Exception handler, and convert errors into Problem Details responses. Since Problem Details responses are specific to API pipelines, it becomes routed pipeline middleware.

  Additionally, it would compose the "debug" flag, so that it knows whether or not trace details should be used when creating details for an exception.

• Content-Negotiation (Content-Type header/content body): This middleware would:

  • verify that the Content-Type is one we can handle; if not, return an error.
  • parse the request body, returning an error if unable to parse.
  • delegate to the next middleware, resetting the request parsed body with the results of parsing.

  As such, this middleware would be pipeline specific (no need to test if the request method is supported), but would need configuration for what is acceptable for the given pipeline.

  This occurs before Authentication, as some OAuth2 schemes will use query string or body data to transmit tokens.

• Authentication: this would use headers and/or query string parameters and/or body data to attempt to authenticate the request and match it to a specific identity. As such, it would be pipeline specific, and need configuration for which authentication type to use for the pipeline.

  Invalid credentials should result in an error response. Lack of credentials should result in a guest identity.

  The identity matched would be passed as a request attribute via the delegate.

• Authorization: this would use the request's identity attribute to authorize the request against either an ACL or RBAC, based on what is configured. Failure to authorize will result in an error response.

  This, too, is route pipeline specific, and would require injection of an ACL or RBAC specific to the pipeline. In most cases, we could use the middleware name as the resource against which the identity (discovered during authentication) would be validated. In the case where one middleware is used for multiple HTTP methods, we would likely need to figure out a scheme for naming the authorization resource to include that information.

• Content-Negotiation (Accept header): This would parse the Accept header and inject request attributes with the results, likely in the form of a value object (which would include isJsonRequest(), isXmlRequest(), and other testing methods).

  It can thus be part of a route-specific pipeline. As such, it would need configuration for what is acceptable for the given pipeline.

• Content validation: this would take either the parsed body data or the query string parameters and pass them to the specified input filter. On failure to validate, an error would be returned; otherwise, it would delegate to the next middleware, passing the input filter as a request attribute.

  As such, this, too, is route-pipeline specific, and would need configuration regarding which input filter to use.

  One question is whether or not we should split this into two or even three concerns:

  • Pre-filtering/normalization (e.g., to normalize phone and CC numbers to remove unwanted characters prior to validation)
  • Validation
  • Post-filtering/normalization (once we know a value is valid)

  The reason to separate them is education; a number of developers have indicated they do not understand the full capabilities of zend-inputfilter and the fact that it also validates; others are unaware that filtering is a pre-process currently. Having them separate would make this clear.

  For the immediate short-term, we will likely mirror the current functionality of zf-content-validation and use input filters, but consider changing it for the long-term based on user feedback.

Generating responses in middleware

• Problem Details response generator: This would generate a response in Problem Details format. It should require a status and title, and then optionally a description and additional attributes. Alternately, a special generator method that would utilize an exception would generate the response could be used.

  Additionally, it would compose the "debug" flag, so that it knows whether or not trace details should be used when creating details for an exception.

  Finally, I would expect it to allow specifying whether XML or JSON output should be generated, likely based on the discovered Accept header details.

• HAL response generator: would include facilities for mapping specific object types to specific hydrator types, and mapping properties to links. It should allow:

  • varying output to XML or JSON.
  • the specification of general response content-type (e.g., 'application/vnd.foo.status'), to which the general format would be appended (e.g., '+json').
  • specification of the response status code.

  It would return a response suitable to return immediately. If an error occurs when generating the response, it would return a problem details response.

• Response generator chain: would allow attaching multiple response generators, each mapped to one or more content-types. Invocation would be with the data to represent plus either the value object derived from the Accept header, or a specific content type requested. The first generator that works with the expected Accept content-type will then be used.

Routed API middleware

• RPC can be essentially just plain middleware.
• REST can and likely should use the RestDispatchTrait as proposed by Enrico. The only change I might make is that when we generate a REST middleware, we'd also generate the specific methods corresponding to the HTTP methods allowed; this gives stubs for the users to fill in immediately.
  • Unlike Apigility, we'd need separate middleware for collections vs entities.
• DB-Connected would:
  • Like the REST middleware above, we'd need two middleware, one for collections and one for entities.
  • Use the RestDispatchTrait.
  • Compose a TableGateway, the identifier name, and, for collection middleware, the collection (paginator) class.
  • Have logic stubbed in for each of the allowed HTTP methods.
• Doctrine-Connected would be like DB-Connected, but:
  • compose the Doctrine object manager, query provider, query filters, etc.

Configuring Apigility pipeline middleware

Consider the following pipeline and routing:

// In config/pipeline.php:

$app->pipeRoutingMiddleware();
// additional middleware, such as implicit options, implicit head, etc.
$app->pipe(ApigilityDispatchMiddleware::class);
$app->pipe(NotFoundHandler::class);

// In config/route.php:

$app->get('/api/user', [
    ProblemDetailsMiddleware::class,
    AcceptNegotiationMiddleware::class,
    UserCollectionMiddleware::class,
], 'api.user.collection');

$app->post('/api/user', [
    ProblemDetailsMiddleware::class,
    ContentTypeNegotiationMiddleware::class,
    AuthenticationMiddleware:class,
    AuthorizationMiddleware:class,
    AcceptNegotiationMiddleware::class,
    ContentValidationMiddleware::class,
    UserCollectionMiddleware::class,
]);

$app->get('/api/user/{user_id}', [
    ProblemDetailsMiddleware::class,
    AcceptNegotiationMiddleware::class,
    UserEntityMiddleware::class,
], 'api.user.entity');

$app->route(
    '/api/user/{user_id}',
    [
        ProblemDetailsMiddleware::class,
        ContentTypeNegotiationMiddleware::class,
        AuthenticationMiddleware:class,
        AuthorizationMiddleware:class,
        AcceptNegotiationMiddleware::class,
        ContentValidationMiddleware::class,
        UserEntityMiddleware::class,
    ],
    ['PATCH', 'DELETE']
);

While this is readable and gives the developer an overview in a glance of what will trigger for any given matched route, the problem is that we need to configure each of the pipeline middleware based on the middleware requested; these particular middleware need to be stateful for the given pipeline.

Below are some ideas we've brainstormed.

Fixed schema

One approach is to mimic what we've done in Apigility, and use a fixed workflow for every routed request. For example:

$app->pipe(ProblemDetailsMiddleware::class);
$app->pipe(ContentTypeNegotiationMiddleware::class);
$app->pipe(AuthenticationMiddleware:class);
$app->pipe(AuthorizationMiddleware:class);
$app->pipe(AcceptNegotiationMiddleware::class);
$app->pipe(ContentValidationMiddleware::class);

Each middleware would identify the currently matched middleware (based on either the route name, or, if necessary, by adding functionality to fetch the middleware name within the route match) against configuration in order to retrieve the configuration specific to its context.

Configuration-driven

Alternately, we could create route-specific pipelines, but still map the results of routing to the appropriate configuration. In this particular case, we know for certain at the time this middleware is dispatched:

• The name of the middleware matched.
• The request method.
• Matched parameters.

This would allow such middleware to pull things such as the authenticator, authorization service, accept header whitelist, content-type whitelist, and input filter when dispatched.

The downside to that approach is that these middleware then need access to the container, and we then need to do a lot of logic for testing existence of configuration and/or service keys within this middleware.

Abstract factories using string context

Another approach would be to use an abstract factory that would use a common prefix (e.g., the middleware name) plus specifics (the requested middleware name, and/or request method, and/or a service name — such as the input filter name):

function (ContainerInterface $container, string $name, array $options = null)
{
    $context = str_replace(self::BASE_NAME . '::', '', $name);
    return new ${self::BASE_NAME}($container->get($context));
}

This has the benefit of being cleaner, and letting us fail earlier if a service is unavailable (canCreate() could, for instance, return false if the $context is not available).

The downside is that abstract factories are slower. This could be mitigated somewhat by creating factory entries for the virtual service that point to the abstract factory, however.

Decorator middleware

Another approach would be to use some sort of wrapper:

new ConfigurableMiddleware(
    ContentValidationMiddleware::class, // middleware name
    [UserEntityFilter::class]           // list of services to inject during instantiation
)

This adds some overhead during application initialization (additional objects) and during runtime (proxying). Additionally, we'd need some way for the container to be available for this "ConfigurableMiddleware".

Taking it to another extreme, we could make this into a string:

sprintf(
    '%s(%s, [%s])',
    ConfigurableMiddleware::class,
    ContentValidationMiddleware::class,
    UserEntityFilter::class
)

An abstract factory could then intercept these. That would provide access to the container, and keep some of the benefits of lazy-loading; as noted before, we can mitigate some performance issues by mapping factories, though the names will become quite long.

Custom factories

Another approach, for those really into performance: they can create custom factories for each of these middleware in order to inject exactly the configuration desired. That, however, leads to an explosion of factories.

Pipeline factories

Since the plan is to continue to have an admin API and UI, and thus code generation, one possibility is to generate pipeline factories.

As an example:

function (ContainerInterface $container)
{
    $config = $container->get('config');
    $pipeline = new Application($container->get(RouterInterface::class), $container);

    $pipeline->pipe(ProblemDetailsMiddleware::class));
    $pipeline->pipe(new ContentTypeNegotiationMiddleware([
        'application/json',
        'application/vnd.user.v1+json
    ]));
    $pipeline->pipe(new AuthenticationMiddleware($config['zf-apigility']['authentication']['oauth2']));
    $pipeline->pipe(new AuthorizationMiddleware($container->get(UserAcl::class));
    $pipeline->pipe(new AcceptNegotiationMiddleware([
        'application/json',
        'application/vnd.user.v1+json
    ]));
    $pipeline->pipe(new ContentValidationMiddleware($container->get(UserFilter::class));
    $pipeline->pipe(new UserEntityMiddleware(
        $container->get(UserTable::class),
        $container->get(HalResponseGenerator::class)
    );

    return $pipeline;
}

The above could also be part of a delegator factory instead:

function (ContainerInterface $container, $name, callable $callback)
{
    $config = $container->get('config');
    $pipeline = new Application($container->get(RouterInterface::class), $container);

    $pipeline->pipe(ProblemDetailsMiddleware::class));
    $pipeline->pipe(new ContentTypeNegotiationMiddleware([
        'application/json',
        'application/vnd.user.v1+json
    ]));
    $pipeline->pipe(new AuthenticationMiddleware($config['zf-apigility']['authentication']['oauth2']));
    $pipeline->pipe(new AuthorizationMiddleware($container->get(UserAcl::class));
    $pipeline->pipe(new AcceptNegotiationMiddleware([
        'application/json',
        'application/vnd.user.v1+json
    ]));
    $pipeline->pipe(new ContentValidationMiddleware($container->get(UserFilter::class));

    // Inject originally requested middleware:
    $pipeline->pipe($callback());

    return $pipeline;
}

In either case, the pipeline would not be provided as an array, but simply a service name:

$app->route('/api/user/{user_id}', UserEntityMiddleware::class, ['PATCH', 'DELETE']);

This would simplify the config/routes.php file.

The examples above provide a mix of service-based middleware, hard-coded dependencies, and middleware composing other services. While it's possible some of the middleware will never be executed (e.g., if authentication fails, none of the following four items would execute), most dependencies are such that no extra work happens unless they are invoked, meaning minimal overhead. (Certainly less overhead than we had in the zend-mvc-based Apigility itself!) Users who can prove need to further streamline performance could always wrap these in anonymous class decorators.

Using a delegator factory makes re-use easier, which could also mean separate middleware per method:

$app->get('/api/user', UserListMiddleware::class, 'api.user.collection');
$app->post('/api/user', UserCreateMiddleware::class);
$app->get('/api/user/{user_id}', UserDisplayMiddleware::class, 'api.user.entity');
$app->patch('/api/user/{user_id}', UserUpdateMiddleware::class);
$app->delete('/api/user/{user_id}', UserDeleteMiddleware::class);

Each of the second, fourth, and fifth entries above would compose the same delegator factory detailed above, giving them the exact same workflow. (Technically, a delete operation would likely not need the ContentValidationMiddleware, however.)

The problem with the approach is code generation. Generating configuration is easy. We'd likely need to re-generate these delegator factories whenever something is manipulated in the admin API/UI, meaning they would also need to be necessarily marked as "DO NOT EDIT". (We could have a rule that if certain artifacts are missing from the file when we prepare to regenerate, we raise a warning in the UI instead.)

Recommendation

Configuration-driven is likely the easiest approach, though it hides many details in configuration instead of code. It would be the easiest from a migration standpoint.

The last approach, creating the pipeline in a dedicated delegator factory, appeals as it retains explicitness and provides re-use, while retaining simplicity in routing.

UI Ideas

• Enrico has suggested that we make a drag-and-drop interface to allow creating pipelines for each resource/entity/method combination. This could play nicely into the idea of the generated delegator factories, as the order of pipe() statements would correspond to the workflow defined visually.

Other Questions

• Will this be Apigility 2, or a separate, parallel project?

  Considering that Apigility is currently built on zend-mvc, and heavily makes use of that infrastructure (zend-http request/response, events, controllers, view helpers, etc.), the liklihood that we can have a good migration path is slim. If we choose configuration-driven middleware, we may at least be able to migrate API behavior, though any controllers would likely need to be migrated to middleware.

  Having a parallel project would mean supporting two projects; however, it would also allow a clean break in architecture that is clearly messaged.

Initial roadmap

We propose the following:

• Develop the following middleware ASAP:
  • Problem Details
  • Content-Negotiation (Content-Type)
  • Authentication
  • Authorization
  • Content-Negotiation (Accept)
  • Content-Validation (using zend-input-filter)
• Develop the following response generators once the Accept content negotiation
  middleware is finalized:
  • HAL response generator
  • Response generator chain

We can continue discussing architecture for other aspects while the above are worked on.

[harikt]

I will vote for moving away from zend-mvc and full support via zend-expressive. Easy to read and understand. I do agree it is a bit of work for people to migrate. But in the long run, if using psr-7 means people can plug to other psr-7 based frameworks easily.

[harikt]

@weierophinney can you update the post to keep the link to RestDispatchTrait . Also link to other places when pointing to ideas / implementation will be helpful.

[weierophinney]

I will vote for moving away from zend-mvc and full support via zend-expressive.

@harikt : Is this a vote for a separate project, or making Apigility v2 based on Expressive?

[harikt]

@weierophinney I would not vote for a separate project . I will vote for making Apigility v2 based on Expressive .

Why not a separate project ?

In the long run it will be hard to track both projects. Maintainers have lots now in the bucket :-) .

[weierophinney]

Why not a separate project ?

In the long run it will be hard to track both projects.

While I agree, it's also a strange situation: most of the code cannot be directly re-used, and, in many cases, there will not be 1:1 correlations between existing Apigility modules and their middleware replacements (e.g., versioning; authentication and authorization would be split; etc.).

The other factor would be v1 users coming to the project, and seeing, by default, code that does not resemble what they have installed, and wondering how and where to submit patches.

Essentially, a lot of factors to consider here. But thanks for clarifying your vote!

[harikt]

@weierophinney where can we track the progress for apigility v2 ? Will there be an update regarding the choice as a separate project or based on expressive ?

I am interested to look in case I get some time.

[weierophinney]

where can we track the progress for apigility v2 ? Will there be an update regarding the choice as a separate project or based on expressive ?

For now, here! We haven't started on any of the various middleware yet; once we do, we'll update the summary to indicate where that development is happening. Additionally, when we decide on whether to continue as the same or a new project, we'll note that as well, by crossing out the question and noting the decision.

[gsomoza]

If from an architectural point of view making Apigility middleware-driven is "the way forward" (and I think it is) then the decision of making it "Apigility 2" vs a "new project" will probably come down mostly to branding: after all, Apigility v2 would still mean you'd have two code-bases to maintain, especially if the upgrade path is not simple and people take their time to do it.

I think most people using Apigility would (or should) understand a thing or two about versioning anyways, and would therefore understand that Apigility v2 has a very different architectural approach than it's predecessor. The branding aspect would then remain intact: "Apigility" will still be a platform where you can quickly release and manage APIs without having to worry about tons of boilerplate. Therefore I'd vote for making this Apigility v2.

With more time, I'll see if I can contribute my two cents to some of the other items.

[gsomoza]

I would also like to add that keeping this mostly a configuration-driven project is almost a "must" from my point of view.

And the Admin UI is of secondary importance to me: I barely even use it.

[weierophinney]

I would also like to add that keeping this mostly a configuration-driven project is almost a "must"

Can you elaborate on why you feel this way, please? (Genuinely curious, and would like to hear your perspective.)

[gsomoza]

Well, I often work building solutions for medium/large clients (e.g. enterprise) that sometimes have very weird requirements or constraints. Often that means they don't always follow standards perfectly, or not for all endpoints, etc.. So I prefer to use tools that allow for the most flexibility in their configuration to avoid me the need to overwrite much in the underlying framework. Convention-driven tools in my experience are harder to bend to a client's unique - and probably very unconventional - needs.

More generally speaking, I think Apigility's main value is that it provides the boilerplate needed to create and maintain "beautiful" APIs (that definition may vary from person to person). With good guidance, a developer can be productive in an Apigility project without understanding much about the inner workings of Apigility itself. But on a more convention-driven architecture there's a bigger cognitive entry-barrier (depending on how far you go with the conventions) because in order to be productive you'd have to learn some of those conventions. For Apigility contributors it might also make it a bit harder to make changes to the framework over time, cause it's not just code you're managing, but also the conventions. So IMO a good balance between convention and configuration would be nice, but I'd much prefer to err on the side of configuration than convention.

Having said that, if by convention-driven you mean "sensible defaults", then I'm all for that. Apigility already does a good job at that.

[PowerKiKi]

This is certainly far fetched, but has there been any consideration for GraphQL ? Would some kind of configuration make it possible to switch between REST and GraphQL ? or drop REST entirely in favor GraphQL ? or is there another project in Zend ecosystem that would better address that ?

[nomaan-alkurn]

Just a little suggestion about Apigility Admin UI. We can use latest Angular 4 in Apigility v2.

[weierophinney]

@nomaan-alkurn We will definitely be updating the UI to use modern libraries. The question will be whether that will be Angular 4, or something else; we will likely poll our contributors to see what they are most familiar and experienced with before making a decision.

[weierophinney]

@PowerKiKi GraphQL and REST are not equivalent; in many cases, they are orthoganal. Phil Sturgeon has written some excellent articles on this subject that show why.

I do think we should likely look at GraphQL and figure out if there's something we could do with it in Apigility; I think that can be a phase 2 story, however.

[wshafer]

As a professional user of Apigility, ZF2+3, and Expressive, I would vote that this be Apigility 2.0 not a separate project and move to Expressive. After having worked with all the frameworks, it seems to me that Expressive is more geared for this kind of project then ZF3+.

As a side note, one of the major problems I have in Apigility + Doctrine is that in the current configuration Entities can only define one hydrator. It would be nice if in 2.0 if Apigility allowed different versions to specify the same target entities, but allow for different versioning hydrators. Since in Doctrine our entities are the source of truth to the DB schema, versioning these leads to errors, would be much better in this world to have versioned hydrators for the entities then versioning the entities themselves.

On that same note, it would also be nice to load each versions config file as needed (which would also solve the above problem). So if a client asks for version 2 we only load the configuration for version 2, instead of the configs for all versions.

Other then that, I like where this thread is going.

[snapshotpl]

Expressive it's simple, powerful and elastic so it's great tool for Apigility!

[weierophinney]

@wshafer —

one of the major problems I have in Apigility + Doctrine is that in the current configuration Entities can only define one hydrator

This is something to raise in the zf-apigility-doctrine module, as it can likely be addressed now.

it would also be nice to load each versions config file as needed (which would also solve the above problem). So if a client asks for version 2 we only load the configuration for version 2, instead of the configs for all versions

There's actually a reason for this: we inherit configuration from previous versions. As such, it means that the configuration for, say, version 3, may only have a few changes to those over v2, and v2 to v1. By using inheritance, if changes are made to earlier versions of the configuration, we don't need to worry about whether those changes are propagated to later versions.

[wshafer]

@weierophinney - Don't know why I was thinking about this today, but I wonder... What if Apigility V2 is not an all or nothing approach?

What if you combine the ideas? Apigility v2 adds all the middleware layers and uses the psr7 bridge and middleware layer in ZF with a fallback to the MVC stack as is? This gives us a migration path to Apigility v3 where we replace the MVC stack for expressive?

[weierophinney]

@wshafer — You could certainly compose an Expressive application itself as the middleware in the zend-mvc MiddlewareListener. The bigger problem is that a lot of the configuration and runtime aspects of the current Apigility codebase are very much tied to the zend-mvc workflow. Most items are exposed as event listeners (typically on the route event), and consume or produce zend-http messages. Additionally, much of the configuration uses controller class names for lookups, which while they can map to middleware, don't do so cleanly.

In looking through most of the Apigility modules, there's no clean way to make them work under both the zend-mvc and middleware paradigms. There's also a logistical issue: we get a lot of pushback about having optional dependencies; if we support both, we'd have to make both the various zend-mvc components and PSR-7/PSR-15/Expressive components optional, meaning the component cannot work out-of-the-box unless you first choose the components that fit the architecture you're using.

Additionally, if we take this route, the endgame would be to support only middleware, and that fact poses new problems. The support experience will be difficult for those on v1 if the default branch becomes v2 and has a completely different architecture; reporting bugs is harder, as is creating patches. For those maintaining, merging and creating releases becomes quite a lot more difficult. Having separate repositories makes these stories easier.

With all those points in mind, I'd argue the migration path from the current Apigility to an Expressive-based one will be the same as a ZF2/3 application to Expressive: either gradually migrating to middleware services in your MVC until you can switch over entirely, or composing a middleware as a fallback in your Expressive stack that executes the zend-mvc application.

What we may be able to do is write tools that convert configuration from the current Apigility to whatever the new version is. We would not necessarily be able to convert existing classes, however, as those are heavily tied to the zend-mvc workflow (even the zend-rest Resource classes use the eventmanager and expect zend-mvc events!). However, this would at least provide some initial working routes for users, so that they can start migrating their code into a working, if empty, application.

[corentin-larose]

Hello,
catching up with all your excellent work. I will start working on the migration of zf-http-cache to another middleware, which sounds about perfect for this module, as soon as I read all the codebase in order to "take the mood" of the project.
I think moving toward an Expressive powered Apigility is the final step to make Apigility a de facto standard in PHP APIs management solutions.

[tylkomat]

I also vote for Apigility 2, while in the end it doesn't matter. In the long run, the Old will disappear. In any way there should be a documentation how to migrate from the Old to the New. New projects will likely be started with the New, because developers like to try out new things. The New is always "hyped". If it is a smaller project people will like to migrate, since the New feels better (and also I expect it to be better and easier to learn).

Generally building on Expressive is the right choice. The Pipeline approach is much more clean than the event architecture where most things happen "in the background" and can't be followed without deep knowledge of the framework.

[mrVrAlex]

And so ... after year of decisions which option is chosen? Use old zfcampus/zf-apigility repo? Any news on apigility "next"? Expressive already 3.0. :)

[geerteltink]

@shandyDev The most recent answer I could find: https://discourse.zendframework.com/t/create-api-with-expressive/411/9