diff --git a/tests/tests.py b/tests/tests.py
index 5de4edee4..8f000744a 100644
--- a/tests/tests.py
+++ b/tests/tests.py
@@ -195,7 +195,6 @@ def test_get_current_venv(self, *args):
 
         # pyenv test
         with mock.patch.dict("os.environ", {}, clear=True):
-
             with mock.patch("subprocess.check_output", side_effect=[None, b"/expected", b"path"]):
                 current_venv = z.get_current_venv()
                 self.assertEqual(current_venv, expected)
@@ -608,7 +607,6 @@ def test_logging(self):
     ##
 
     def test_wsgi_event(self):
-
         ## This is a pre-proxy+ event
         # event = {
         #     "body": "",
@@ -1106,7 +1104,6 @@ def test_load_settings(self):
         self.assertEqual(False, zappa_cli.stage_config["touch"])
 
     def test_load_extended_settings(self):
-
         zappa_cli = ZappaCLI()
         zappa_cli.api_stage = "extendo"
         zappa_cli.load_settings("test_settings.json")
@@ -2133,7 +2130,6 @@ def test_remote_env_package(self):
         # self.assertEqual(m.group(1), 's3://lmbda-env/prod/env.json')
 
     def test_package_only(self):
-
         for delete_local_zip in [True, False]:
             zappa_cli = ZappaCLI()
             if delete_local_zip:
@@ -2150,7 +2146,6 @@ def test_package_only(self):
             os.remove(zappa_cli.zip_path)
 
     def test_package_output(self):
-
         for delete_local_zip in [True]:
             zappa_cli = ZappaCLI()
             if delete_local_zip:
diff --git a/tests/tests_async.py b/tests/tests_async.py
index 987667bd2..4dabda445 100644
--- a/tests/tests_async.py
+++ b/tests/tests_async.py
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ def test_test(self):
         self.assertFalse(False)
 
     def test_nofails_classes(self):
-
         boto_session = boto3.Session(region_name=os.environ["AWS_DEFAULT_REGION"])
 
         a = AsyncException()
diff --git a/tests/tests_async_old.py b/tests/tests_async_old.py
index 37bd1a7dc..26e957113 100644
--- a/tests/tests_async_old.py
+++ b/tests/tests_async_old.py
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ def test_test(self):
         self.assertFalse(False)
 
     def test_nofails_classes(self):
-
         boto_session = boto3.Session(region_name=os.environ["AWS_DEFAULT_REGION"])
 
         a = AsyncException()
diff --git a/tests/tests_docs.py b/tests/tests_docs.py
index 0473a465b..ac3fc1805 100644
--- a/tests/tests_docs.py
+++ b/tests/tests_docs.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 
 class TestDocs(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_readmetoc(self):
-
         # this test serves as a reminder to update the README toc.
         # More information here: https://github.com/Miserlou/Zappa/issues/1228
 
@@ -35,22 +34,18 @@ def test_readmetoc(self):
             state = "prologue"
 
             for line in contents:
-
                 if state == "prologue":
-
                     if line == start_marker:
                         state = "toc"
                     else:
                         prologue = prologue + line
 
                 elif state == "toc":
-
                     # we don't need to capture the old TOC
                     if line == end_marker:
                         state = "epilogue"
 
                 elif state == "epilogue":
-
                     epilogue = epilogue + line
 
                     # we only capture TOC contents *after* the TOC markers
diff --git a/tests/tests_middleware.py b/tests/tests_middleware.py
index 2afaf1636..0ec39818d 100644
--- a/tests/tests_middleware.py
+++ b/tests/tests_middleware.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ def _start_response(self, status, headers, exc_info=None):
         self.headers[:] = headers
 
     def test_all_casings(self):
-
         # 2^9
         input_string = "Set-Cookie"
         x = 0
@@ -141,7 +140,6 @@ def test_wsgi_authorizer_handling(self):
         self.assertEqual(user, "no_user")
 
     def test_wsgi_map_context_headers_handling(self):
-
         # Validate a single context value mapping is translated into a HTTP header
         event = {
             "httpMethod": "GET",
diff --git a/tests/tests_placebo.py b/tests/tests_placebo.py
index 1b6789c9a..f71454746 100644
--- a/tests/tests_placebo.py
+++ b/tests/tests_placebo.py
@@ -508,7 +508,6 @@ def test_cli_aws_status(self, session):
 
     @placebo_session
     def test_add_event_source(self, session):
-
         event_source = {"arn": "blah:blah:blah:blah", "events": ["s3:ObjectCreated:*"]}
         # Sanity. This should fail.
         try:
diff --git a/zappa/asynchronous.py b/zappa/asynchronous.py
index 51dc72318..0ba53ebff 100644
--- a/zappa/asynchronous.py
+++ b/zappa/asynchronous.py
@@ -199,7 +199,6 @@ class SnsAsyncResponse(LambdaAsyncResponse):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, lambda_function_name=None, aws_region=None, capture_response=False, **kwargs):
-
         self.lambda_function_name = lambda_function_name
         self.aws_region = aws_region
 
@@ -396,7 +395,6 @@ def task(*args, **kwargs):
     capture_response = kwargs.get("capture_response", False)
 
     def func_wrapper(func):
-
         task_path = get_func_task_path(func)
 
         @wraps(func)
diff --git a/zappa/cli.py b/zappa/cli.py
index 0e4ac6272..e78707869 100755
--- a/zappa/cli.py
+++ b/zappa/cli.py
@@ -577,7 +577,6 @@ def dispatch_command(self, command, stage):
         elif command == "rollback":  # pragma: no cover
             self.rollback(self.vargs["num_rollback"])
         elif command == "invoke":  # pragma: no cover
-
             if not self.vargs.get("command_rest"):
                 print("Please enter the function to invoke.")
                 return
@@ -588,7 +587,6 @@ def dispatch_command(self, command, stage):
                 no_color=self.vargs["no_color"],
             )
         elif command == "manage":  # pragma: no cover
-
             if not self.vargs.get("command_rest"):
                 print("Please enter the management command to invoke.")
                 return
@@ -852,7 +850,6 @@ def deploy(self, source_zip=None, docker_image_uri=None):
             self.zappa.deploy_lambda_alb(**kwargs)
 
         if self.use_apigateway:
-
             # Create and configure the API Gateway
             self.zappa.create_stack_template(
                 lambda_arn=self.lambda_arn,
@@ -1066,7 +1063,6 @@ def update(self, source_zip=None, no_upload=False, docker_image_uri=None):
                 self.remove_local_zip()
 
         if self.use_apigateway:
-
             self.zappa.create_stack_template(
                 lambda_arn=self.lambda_arn,
                 lambda_name=self.lambda_name,
@@ -1433,7 +1429,6 @@ def colorize_invoke_command(self, string):
         final_string = string
 
         try:
-
             # Line headers
             try:
                 for token in ["START", "END", "REPORT", "[DEBUG]"]:
@@ -1632,7 +1627,7 @@ def check_environment(self, environment):
         """
 
         non_strings = []
-        for (k, v) in environment.items():
+        for k, v in environment.items():
             if not isinstance(v, str):
                 non_strings.append(k)
         if non_strings:
@@ -2144,7 +2139,6 @@ def callback(self, position):
                 module_ = working_dir_importer.find_module(mod_name).load_module(mod_name)
 
             except (ImportError, AttributeError):
-
                 try:  # Callback func might be in virtualenv
                     module_ = importlib.import_module(mod_path)
                 except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
@@ -2468,7 +2462,6 @@ def create_package(self, output=None, use_zappa_release: Optional[str] = None):
             handler_zip = self.zip_path
 
         with zipfile.ZipFile(handler_zip, "a") as lambda_zip:
-
             settings_s = self.get_zappa_settings_string()
 
             # Copy our Django app into root of our package.
@@ -2754,7 +2747,6 @@ def colorize_log_entry(self, string):
 
         final_string = string
         try:
-
             # First, do stuff in square brackets
             inside_squares = re.findall(r"\[([^]]*)\]", string)
             for token in inside_squares:
@@ -2842,7 +2834,6 @@ def execute_prebuild_script(self):
             module_ = working_dir_importer.find_module(mod_name).load_module(mod_name)
 
         except (ImportError, AttributeError):
-
             try:  # Prebuild func might be in virtualenv
                 module_ = importlib.import_module(pb_mod_path)
             except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
diff --git a/zappa/core.py b/zappa/core.py
index 550a81c54..1cc2bc58e 100644
--- a/zappa/core.py
+++ b/zappa/core.py
@@ -779,9 +779,7 @@ def splitpath(path):
             archivef = tarfile.open(archive_path, "w|gz")
 
         for root, dirs, files in os.walk(temp_project_path):
-
             for filename in files:
-
                 # Skip .pyc files for Django migrations
                 # https://github.com/Miserlou/Zappa/issues/436
                 # https://github.com/Miserlou/Zappa/issues/464
@@ -795,7 +793,6 @@ def splitpath(path):
                     abs_filname = os.path.join(root, filename)
                     abs_pyc_filename = abs_filname + "c"
                     if os.path.isfile(abs_pyc_filename):
-
                         # but only if the pyc is older than the py,
                         # otherwise we'll deploy outdated code!
                         py_time = os.stat(abs_filname).st_mtime
@@ -2112,7 +2109,6 @@ def undeploy_api_gateway(self, lambda_name, domain_name=None, base_path=None):
         print("Deleting API Gateway..")
 
         if domain_name:
-
             # XXX - Remove Route53 smartly here?
             # XXX - This doesn't raise, but doesn't work either.
 
@@ -3286,7 +3282,6 @@ def load_credentials(self, boto_session=None, profile_name=None):
         """
         # Automatically load credentials from config or environment
         if not boto_session:
-
             # If provided, use the supplied profile name.
             if profile_name:
                 self.boto_session = boto3.Session(profile_name=profile_name, region_name=self.aws_region)
diff --git a/zappa/handler.py b/zappa/handler.py
index 1c6fdb0fd..58a12b593 100644
--- a/zappa/handler.py
+++ b/zappa/handler.py
@@ -59,7 +59,6 @@ def __new__(cls, settings_name="zappa_settings", session=None):
         return LambdaHandler.__instance
 
     def __init__(self, settings_name="zappa_settings", session=None):
-
         # We haven't cached our settings yet, load the settings and app.
         if not self.settings:
             # Loading settings from a python module
@@ -408,7 +407,6 @@ def handler(self, event, context):
         # This is the result of a keep alive, recertify
         # or scheduled event.
         if event.get("detail-type") == "Scheduled Event":
-
             whole_function = event["resources"][0].split("/")[-1].split("-")[-1]
 
             # This is a scheduled function.
@@ -422,7 +420,6 @@ def handler(self, event, context):
 
         # This is a direct command invocation.
         elif event.get("command", None):
-
             whole_function = event["command"]
             app_function = self.import_module_and_get_function(whole_function)
             result = self.run_function(app_function, event, context)
@@ -434,14 +431,12 @@ def handler(self, event, context):
         # It's _extremely_ important we don't allow this event source
         # to be overridden by unsanitized, non-admin user input.
         elif event.get("raw_command", None):
-
             raw_command = event["raw_command"]
             exec(raw_command)
             return
 
         # This is a Django management command invocation.
         elif event.get("manage", None):
-
             from django.core import management
 
             try:  # Support both for tests
@@ -461,7 +456,6 @@ def handler(self, event, context):
 
         # This is an AWS-event triggered invocation.
         elif event.get("Records", None):
-
             records = event.get("Records")
             result = None
             whole_function = self.get_function_for_aws_event(records[0])