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中等
2036
第 289 场周赛 Q3
数组
矩阵
前缀和

English Version

题目描述

给你一个二维整数数组 grid ,大小为 m x n,其中每个单元格都含一个正整数。

转角路径 定义为:包含至多一个弯的一组相邻单元。具体而言,路径应该完全 向水平方向 或者 向竖直方向 移动过弯(如果存在弯),而不能访问之前访问过的单元格。在过弯之后,路径应当完全朝 另一个 方向行进:如果之前是向水平方向,那么就应该变为向竖直方向;反之亦然。当然,同样不能访问之前已经访问过的单元格。

一条路径的 乘积 定义为:路径上所有值的乘积。

请你从 grid 中找出一条乘积中尾随零数目最多的转角路径,并返回该路径中尾随零的数目。

注意:

  • 水平 移动是指向左或右移动。
  • 竖直 移动是指向上或下移动。

 

示例 1:

输入:grid = [[23,17,15,3,20],[8,1,20,27,11],[9,4,6,2,21],[40,9,1,10,6],[22,7,4,5,3]]
输出:3
解释:左侧的图展示了一条有效的转角路径。
其乘积为 15 * 20 * 6 * 1 * 10 = 18000 ,共计 3 个尾随零。
可以证明在这条转角路径的乘积中尾随零数目最多。

中间的图不是一条有效的转角路径,因为它有不止一个弯。
右侧的图也不是一条有效的转角路径,因为它需要重复访问已经访问过的单元格。

示例 2:

输入:grid = [[4,3,2],[7,6,1],[8,8,8]]
输出:0
解释:网格如上图所示。
不存在乘积含尾随零的转角路径。

 

提示:

  • m == grid.length
  • n == grid[i].length
  • 1 <= m, n <= 105
  • 1 <= m * n <= 105
  • 1 <= grid[i][j] <= 1000

解法

方法一:前缀和 + 枚举拐点

首先我们要明确,对于一个乘积,尾随零的个数取决于因子中 $2$$5$ 的个数的较小值。另外,每一条转角路径应该覆盖尽可能多的数,因此,它一定是从某个边界出发,到达某个拐点,再到达另一个边界。

因此,我们可以创建四个二维数组 $r2$, $c2$, $r5$, $c5$ 来记录每一行和每一列中 $2$$5$ 的个数。其中:

  • r2[i][j] 表示第 $i$ 行中从第 $1$ 列到第 $j$ 列的 $2$ 的个数;
  • c2[i][j] 表示第 $j$ 列中从第 $1$ 行到第 $i$ 行的 $2$ 的个数;
  • r5[i][j] 表示第 $i$ 行中从第 $1$ 列到第 $j$ 列的 $5$ 的个数;
  • c5[i][j] 表示第 $j$ 列中从第 $1$ 行到第 $i$ 行的 $5$ 的个数。

接下来,我们遍历二维数组 grid,对于每个数,我们计算它的 $2$$5$ 的个数,然后更新四个二维数组。

然后,我们枚举拐点 $(i, j)$,对于每个拐点,我们计算四个值,其中:

  • a 表示从 $(i, 1)$ 右移到 $(i, j)$,再从 $(i, j)$ 拐头向上移动到 $(1, j)$ 的路径中 $2$ 的个数和 $5$ 的个数的较小值;
  • b 表示从 $(i, 1)$ 右移到 $(i, j)$,再从 $(i, j)$ 拐头向下移动到 $(m, j)$ 的路径中 $2$ 的个数和 $5$ 的个数的较小值;
  • c 表示从 $(i, n)$ 左移到 $(i, j)$,再从 $(i, j)$ 拐头向上移动到 $(1, j)$ 的路径中 $2$ 的个数和 $5$ 的个数的较小值;
  • d 表示从 $(i, n)$ 左移到 $(i, j)$,再从 $(i, j)$ 拐头向下移动到 $(m, j)$ 的路径中 $2$ 的个数和 $5$ 的个数的较小值。

每一次枚举,我们取这四个值的最大值,然后更新答案。

最后,我们返回答案即可。

时间复杂度 $O(m \times n)$,空间复杂度 $O(m \times n)$。其中 $m$$n$ 分别是二维数组 grid 的行数和列数。

Python3

class Solution:
    def maxTrailingZeros(self, grid: List[List[int]]) -> int:
        m, n = len(grid), len(grid[0])
        r2 = [[0] * (n + 1) for _ in range(m + 1)]
        c2 = [[0] * (n + 1) for _ in range(m + 1)]
        r5 = [[0] * (n + 1) for _ in range(m + 1)]
        c5 = [[0] * (n + 1) for _ in range(m + 1)]
        for i, row in enumerate(grid, 1):
            for j, x in enumerate(row, 1):
                s2 = s5 = 0
                while x % 2 == 0:
                    x //= 2
                    s2 += 1
                while x % 5 == 0:
                    x //= 5
                    s5 += 1
                r2[i][j] = r2[i][j - 1] + s2
                c2[i][j] = c2[i - 1][j] + s2
                r5[i][j] = r5[i][j - 1] + s5
                c5[i][j] = c5[i - 1][j] + s5
        ans = 0
        for i in range(1, m + 1):
            for j in range(1, n + 1):
                a = min(r2[i][j] + c2[i - 1][j], r5[i][j] + c5[i - 1][j])
                b = min(r2[i][j] + c2[m][j] - c2[i][j], r5[i][j] + c5[m][j] - c5[i][j])
                c = min(r2[i][n] - r2[i][j] + c2[i][j], r5[i][n] - r5[i][j] + c5[i][j])
                d = min(
                    r2[i][n] - r2[i][j - 1] + c2[m][j] - c2[i][j],
                    r5[i][n] - r5[i][j - 1] + c5[m][j] - c5[i][j],
                )
                ans = max(ans, a, b, c, d)
        return ans

Java

class Solution {
    public int maxTrailingZeros(int[][] grid) {
        int m = grid.length, n = grid[0].length;
        int[][] r2 = new int[m + 1][n + 1];
        int[][] c2 = new int[m + 1][n + 1];
        int[][] r5 = new int[m + 1][n + 1];
        int[][] c5 = new int[m + 1][n + 1];
        for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {
            for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) {
                int x = grid[i - 1][j - 1];
                int s2 = 0, s5 = 0;
                for (; x % 2 == 0; x /= 2) {
                    ++s2;
                }
                for (; x % 5 == 0; x /= 5) {
                    ++s5;
                }
                r2[i][j] = r2[i][j - 1] + s2;
                c2[i][j] = c2[i - 1][j] + s2;
                r5[i][j] = r5[i][j - 1] + s5;
                c5[i][j] = c5[i - 1][j] + s5;
            }
        }
        int ans = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {
            for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) {
                int a = Math.min(r2[i][j] + c2[i - 1][j], r5[i][j] + c5[i - 1][j]);
                int b = Math.min(r2[i][j] + c2[m][j] - c2[i][j], r5[i][j] + c5[m][j] - c5[i][j]);
                int c = Math.min(r2[i][n] - r2[i][j] + c2[i][j], r5[i][n] - r5[i][j] + c5[i][j]);
                int d = Math.min(r2[i][n] - r2[i][j - 1] + c2[m][j] - c2[i][j],
                    r5[i][n] - r5[i][j - 1] + c5[m][j] - c5[i][j]);
                ans = Math.max(ans, Math.max(a, Math.max(b, Math.max(c, d))));
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

C++

class Solution {
public:
    int maxTrailingZeros(vector<vector<int>>& grid) {
        int m = grid.size(), n = grid[0].size();
        vector<vector<int>> r2(m + 1, vector<int>(n + 1));
        vector<vector<int>> c2(m + 1, vector<int>(n + 1));
        vector<vector<int>> r5(m + 1, vector<int>(n + 1));
        vector<vector<int>> c5(m + 1, vector<int>(n + 1));
        for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {
            for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) {
                int x = grid[i - 1][j - 1];
                int s2 = 0, s5 = 0;
                for (; x % 2 == 0; x /= 2) {
                    ++s2;
                }
                for (; x % 5 == 0; x /= 5) {
                    ++s5;
                }
                r2[i][j] = r2[i][j - 1] + s2;
                c2[i][j] = c2[i - 1][j] + s2;
                r5[i][j] = r5[i][j - 1] + s5;
                c5[i][j] = c5[i - 1][j] + s5;
            }
        }
        int ans = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {
            for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) {
                int a = min(r2[i][j] + c2[i - 1][j], r5[i][j] + c5[i - 1][j]);
                int b = min(r2[i][j] + c2[m][j] - c2[i][j], r5[i][j] + c5[m][j] - c5[i][j]);
                int c = min(r2[i][n] - r2[i][j] + c2[i][j], r5[i][n] - r5[i][j] + c5[i][j]);
                int d = min(r2[i][n] - r2[i][j - 1] + c2[m][j] - c2[i][j], r5[i][n] - r5[i][j - 1] + c5[m][j] - c5[i][j]);
                ans = max({ans, a, b, c, d});
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

Go

func maxTrailingZeros(grid [][]int) (ans int) {
	m, n := len(grid), len(grid[0])
	r2 := get(m+1, n+1)
	c2 := get(m+1, n+1)
	r5 := get(m+1, n+1)
	c5 := get(m+1, n+1)
	for i := 1; i <= m; i++ {
		for j := 1; j <= n; j++ {
			x := grid[i-1][j-1]
			s2, s5 := 0, 0
			for ; x%2 == 0; x /= 2 {
				s2++
			}
			for ; x%5 == 0; x /= 5 {
				s5++
			}
			r2[i][j] = r2[i][j-1] + s2
			c2[i][j] = c2[i-1][j] + s2
			r5[i][j] = r5[i][j-1] + s5
			c5[i][j] = c5[i-1][j] + s5
		}
	}
	for i := 1; i <= m; i++ {
		for j := 1; j <= n; j++ {
			a := min(r2[i][j]+c2[i-1][j], r5[i][j]+c5[i-1][j])
			b := min(r2[i][j]+c2[m][j]-c2[i][j], r5[i][j]+c5[m][j]-c5[i][j])
			c := min(r2[i][n]-r2[i][j]+c2[i][j], r5[i][n]-r5[i][j]+c5[i][j])
			d := min(r2[i][n]-r2[i][j-1]+c2[m][j]-c2[i][j], r5[i][n]-r5[i][j-1]+c5[m][j]-c5[i][j])
			ans = max(ans, max(a, max(b, max(c, d))))
		}
	}
	return
}

func get(m, n int) [][]int {
	f := make([][]int, m)
	for i := range f {
		f[i] = make([]int, n)
	}
	return f
}

TypeScript

function maxTrailingZeros(grid: number[][]): number {
    const m = grid.length;
    const n = grid[0].length;
    const r2 = Array.from({ length: m + 1 }, () => new Array(n + 1).fill(0));
    const c2 = Array.from({ length: m + 1 }, () => new Array(n + 1).fill(0));
    const r5 = Array.from({ length: m + 1 }, () => new Array(n + 1).fill(0));
    const c5 = Array.from({ length: m + 1 }, () => new Array(n + 1).fill(0));
    for (let i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {
        for (let j = 1; j <= n; ++j) {
            let x = grid[i - 1][j - 1];
            let s2 = 0;
            let s5 = 0;
            for (; x % 2 == 0; x = Math.floor(x / 2)) {
                ++s2;
            }
            for (; x % 5 == 0; x = Math.floor(x / 5)) {
                ++s5;
            }
            r2[i][j] = r2[i][j - 1] + s2;
            c2[i][j] = c2[i - 1][j] + s2;
            r5[i][j] = r5[i][j - 1] + s5;
            c5[i][j] = c5[i - 1][j] + s5;
        }
    }
    let ans = 0;
    for (let i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {
        for (let j = 1; j <= n; ++j) {
            const a = Math.min(r2[i][j] + c2[i - 1][j], r5[i][j] + c5[i - 1][j]);
            const b = Math.min(r2[i][j] + c2[m][j] - c2[i][j], r5[i][j] + c5[m][j] - c5[i][j]);
            const c = Math.min(r2[i][n] - r2[i][j] + c2[i][j], r5[i][n] - r5[i][j] + c5[i][j]);
            const d = Math.min(
                r2[i][n] - r2[i][j - 1] + c2[m][j] - c2[i][j],
                r5[i][n] - r5[i][j - 1] + c5[m][j] - c5[i][j],
            );
            ans = Math.max(ans, a, b, c, d);
        }
    }
    return ans;
}