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困难
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第 287 场周赛 Q4
设计
字典树
数组
哈希表
字符串

English Version

题目描述

给你一个字符数组 keys ,由若干 互不相同 的字符组成。还有一个字符串数组 values ,内含若干长度为 2 的字符串。另给你一个字符串数组 dictionary ,包含解密后所有允许的原字符串。请你设计并实现一个支持加密及解密下标从 0 开始字符串的数据结构。

字符串 加密 按下述步骤进行:

  1. 对字符串中的每个字符 c ,先从 keys 中找出满足 keys[i] == c 的下标 i
  2. 在字符串中,用 values[i] 替换字符 c

请注意,如果 keys 中不存在字符串中的字符,则无法执行加密过程,返回空字符串 ""

字符串 解密 按下述步骤进行:

  1. 将字符串每相邻 2 个字符划分为一个子字符串,对于每个子字符串 s ,找出满足 values[i] == s 的一个下标 i 。如果存在多个有效的 i ,从中选择 任意 一个。这意味着一个字符串解密可能得到多个解密字符串。
  2. 在字符串中,用 keys[i] 替换 s

实现 Encrypter 类:

  • Encrypter(char[] keys, String[] values, String[] dictionary)keysvaluesdictionary 初始化 Encrypter 类。
  • String encrypt(String word1) 按上述加密过程完成对 word1 的加密,并返回加密后的字符串。
  • int decrypt(String word2) 统计并返回可以由 word2 解密得到且出现在 dictionary 中的字符串数目。

 

示例:

输入:
["Encrypter", "encrypt", "decrypt"]
[[['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], ["ei", "zf", "ei", "am"], ["abcd", "acbd", "adbc", "badc", "dacb", "cadb", "cbda", "abad"]], ["abcd"], ["eizfeiam"]]
输出:
[null, "eizfeiam", 2]

解释:
Encrypter encrypter = new Encrypter([['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], ["ei", "zf", "ei", "am"], ["abcd", "acbd", "adbc", "badc", "dacb", "cadb", "cbda", "abad"]);
encrypter.encrypt("abcd"); // 返回 "eizfeiam"。 
                           // 'a' 映射为 "ei",'b' 映射为 "zf",'c' 映射为 "ei",'d' 映射为 "am"。
encrypter.decrypt("eizfeiam"); // return 2. 
                              // "ei" 可以映射为 'a' 或 'c',"zf" 映射为 'b',"am" 映射为 'd'。 
                              // 因此,解密后可以得到的字符串是 "abad","cbad","abcd" 和 "cbcd"。 
                              // 其中 2 个字符串,"abad" 和 "abcd",在 dictionary 中出现,所以答案是 2 。

 

提示:

  • 1 <= keys.length == values.length <= 26
  • values[i].length == 2
  • 1 <= dictionary.length <= 100
  • 1 <= dictionary[i].length <= 100
  • 所有 keys[i]dictionary[i] 互不相同
  • 1 <= word1.length <= 2000
  • 1 <= word2.length <= 200
  • 所有 word1[i] 都出现在 keys
  • word2.length 是偶数
  • keysvalues[i]dictionary[i]word1word2 只含小写英文字母
  • 至多调用 encryptdecrypt 总计 200

解法

方法一:哈希表

Python3

class Encrypter:
    def __init__(self, keys: List[str], values: List[str], dictionary: List[str]):
        self.mp = dict(zip(keys, values))
        self.cnt = Counter(self.encrypt(v) for v in dictionary)

    def encrypt(self, word1: str) -> str:
        res = []
        for c in word1:
            if c not in self.mp:
                return ''
            res.append(self.mp[c])
        return ''.join(res)

    def decrypt(self, word2: str) -> int:
        return self.cnt[word2]


# Your Encrypter object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = Encrypter(keys, values, dictionary)
# param_1 = obj.encrypt(word1)
# param_2 = obj.decrypt(word2)

Java

class Encrypter {
    private Map<Character, String> mp = new HashMap<>();
    private Map<String, Integer> cnt = new HashMap<>();

    public Encrypter(char[] keys, String[] values, String[] dictionary) {
        for (int i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
            mp.put(keys[i], values[i]);
        }
        for (String w : dictionary) {
            w = encrypt(w);
            cnt.put(w, cnt.getOrDefault(w, 0) + 1);
        }
    }

    public String encrypt(String word1) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (char c : word1.toCharArray()) {
            if (!mp.containsKey(c)) {
                return "";
            }
            sb.append(mp.get(c));
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    public int decrypt(String word2) {
        return cnt.getOrDefault(word2, 0);
    }
}

/**
 * Your Encrypter object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * Encrypter obj = new Encrypter(keys, values, dictionary);
 * String param_1 = obj.encrypt(word1);
 * int param_2 = obj.decrypt(word2);
 */

C++

class Encrypter {
public:
    unordered_map<string, int> cnt;
    unordered_map<char, string> mp;

    Encrypter(vector<char>& keys, vector<string>& values, vector<string>& dictionary) {
        for (int i = 0; i < keys.size(); ++i) mp[keys[i]] = values[i];
        for (auto v : dictionary) cnt[encrypt(v)]++;
    }

    string encrypt(string word1) {
        string res = "";
        for (char c : word1) {
            if (!mp.count(c)) return "";
            res += mp[c];
        }
        return res;
    }

    int decrypt(string word2) {
        return cnt[word2];
    }
};

/**
 * Your Encrypter object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * Encrypter* obj = new Encrypter(keys, values, dictionary);
 * string param_1 = obj->encrypt(word1);
 * int param_2 = obj->decrypt(word2);
 */

Go

type Encrypter struct {
	mp  map[byte]string
	cnt map[string]int
}

func Constructor(keys []byte, values []string, dictionary []string) Encrypter {
	mp := map[byte]string{}
	cnt := map[string]int{}
	for i, k := range keys {
		mp[k] = values[i]
	}
	e := Encrypter{mp, cnt}
	for _, v := range dictionary {
		e.cnt[e.Encrypt(v)]++
	}
	return e
}

func (this *Encrypter) Encrypt(word1 string) string {
	var ans strings.Builder
	for _, c := range word1 {
		if v, ok := this.mp[byte(c)]; ok {
			ans.WriteString(v)
		} else {
			return ""
		}
	}
	return ans.String()
}

func (this *Encrypter) Decrypt(word2 string) int {
	return this.cnt[word2]
}

/**
 * Your Encrypter object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * obj := Constructor(keys, values, dictionary);
 * param_1 := obj.Encrypt(word1);
 * param_2 := obj.Decrypt(word2);
 */