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中等
深度优先搜索
二叉搜索树
动态规划
二叉树

English Version

题目描述

给定一个二叉树,找到其中最大的二叉搜索树(BST)子树,并返回该子树的大小。其中,最大指的是子树节点数最多的。

二叉搜索树(BST)中的所有节点都具备以下属性:

  • 左子树的值小于其父(根)节点的值。

  • 右子树的值大于其父(根)节点的值。

注意:子树必须包含其所有后代。

 

示例 1:

输入:root = [10,5,15,1,8,null,7]
输出:3
解释:本例中最大的 BST 子树是高亮显示的子树。返回值是子树的大小,即 3 。

示例 2:

输入:root = [4,2,7,2,3,5,null,2,null,null,null,null,null,1]
输出:2

 

提示:

  • 树上节点数目的范围是 [0, 104]
  • -104 <= Node.val <= 104

 

进阶:  你能想出 O(n) 时间复杂度的解法吗?

解法

方法一

Python3

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def largestBSTSubtree(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> int:
        def dfs(root):
            if root is None:
                return inf, -inf, 0
            lmi, lmx, ln = dfs(root.left)
            rmi, rmx, rn = dfs(root.right)
            nonlocal ans
            if lmx < root.val < rmi:
                ans = max(ans, ln + rn + 1)
                return min(lmi, root.val), max(rmx, root.val), ln + rn + 1
            return -inf, inf, 0

        ans = 0
        dfs(root)
        return ans

Java

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    private int ans;

    public int largestBSTSubtree(TreeNode root) {
        ans = 0;
        dfs(root);
        return ans;
    }

    private int[] dfs(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return new int[] {Integer.MAX_VALUE, Integer.MIN_VALUE, 0};
        }
        int[] left = dfs(root.left);
        int[] right = dfs(root.right);
        if (left[1] < root.val && root.val < right[0]) {
            ans = Math.max(ans, left[2] + right[2] + 1);
            return new int[] {
                Math.min(root.val, left[0]), Math.max(root.val, right[1]), left[2] + right[2] + 1};
        }
        return new int[] {Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0};
    }
}

C++

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    int ans;

    int largestBSTSubtree(TreeNode* root) {
        ans = 0;
        dfs(root);
        return ans;
    }

    vector<int> dfs(TreeNode* root) {
        if (!root) return {INT_MAX, INT_MIN, 0};
        auto left = dfs(root->left);
        auto right = dfs(root->right);
        if (left[1] < root->val && root->val < right[0]) {
            ans = max(ans, left[2] + right[2] + 1);
            return {min(root->val, left[0]), max(root->val, right[1]), left[2] + right[2] + 1};
        }
        return {INT_MIN, INT_MAX, 0};
    }
};

Go

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * type TreeNode struct {
 *     Val int
 *     Left *TreeNode
 *     Right *TreeNode
 * }
 */
func largestBSTSubtree(root *TreeNode) int {
	ans := 0
	var dfs func(root *TreeNode) []int
	dfs = func(root *TreeNode) []int {
		if root == nil {
			return []int{math.MaxInt32, math.MinInt32, 0}
		}
		left := dfs(root.Left)
		right := dfs(root.Right)
		if left[1] < root.Val && root.Val < right[0] {
			ans = max(ans, left[2]+right[2]+1)
			return []int{min(root.Val, left[0]), max(root.Val, right[1]), left[2] + right[2] + 1}
		}
		return []int{math.MinInt32, math.MaxInt32, 0}
	}
	dfs(root)
	return ans
}