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困难
广度优先搜索
数组
矩阵

English Version

题目描述

给你一个 m × n 的网格,值为 012 ,其中:

  • 每一个 0 代表一块你可以自由通过的 空地 
  • 每一个 1 代表一个你不能通过的 建筑
  • 每个 2 标记一个你不能通过的 障碍 

你想要在一块空地上建造一所房子,在 最短的总旅行距离 内到达所有的建筑。你只能上下左右移动。

返回到该房子的 最短旅行距离 。如果根据上述规则无法建造这样的房子,则返回 -1

总旅行距离 是朋友们家到聚会地点的距离之和。

使用 曼哈顿距离 计算距离,其中距离 (p1, p2) = |p2.x - p1.x | + | p2.y - p1.y |

 

示例  1:

输入:grid = [[1,0,2,0,1],[0,0,0,0,0],[0,0,1,0,0]]
输出:7 
解析:给定三个建筑物 (0,0)、(0,4) 和 (2,2) 以及一个位于 (0,2) 的障碍物。
由于总距离之和 3+3+1=7 最优,所以位置 (1,2) 是符合要求的最优地点。
故返回7。

示例 2:

输入: grid = [[1,0]]
输出: 1

示例 3:

输入: grid = [[1]]
输出: -1

 

提示:

  • m == grid.length
  • n == grid[i].length
  • 1 <= m, n <= 50
  • grid[i][j] 是 01 或 2
  • grid 中 至少 有 一幢 建筑

解法

方法一

Python3

class Solution:
    def shortestDistance(self, grid: List[List[int]]) -> int:
        m, n = len(grid), len(grid[0])
        q = deque()
        total = 0
        cnt = [[0] * n for _ in range(m)]
        dist = [[0] * n for _ in range(m)]
        for i in range(m):
            for j in range(n):
                if grid[i][j] == 1:
                    total += 1
                    q.append((i, j))
                    d = 0
                    vis = set()
                    while q:
                        d += 1
                        for _ in range(len(q)):
                            r, c = q.popleft()
                            for a, b in [[0, 1], [0, -1], [1, 0], [-1, 0]]:
                                x, y = r + a, c + b
                                if (
                                    0 <= x < m
                                    and 0 <= y < n
                                    and grid[x][y] == 0
                                    and (x, y) not in vis
                                ):
                                    cnt[x][y] += 1
                                    dist[x][y] += d
                                    q.append((x, y))
                                    vis.add((x, y))
        ans = inf
        for i in range(m):
            for j in range(n):
                if grid[i][j] == 0 and cnt[i][j] == total:
                    ans = min(ans, dist[i][j])
        return -1 if ans == inf else ans

Java

class Solution {
    public int shortestDistance(int[][] grid) {
        int m = grid.length;
        int n = grid[0].length;
        Deque<int[]> q = new LinkedList<>();
        int total = 0;
        int[][] cnt = new int[m][n];
        int[][] dist = new int[m][n];
        int[] dirs = {-1, 0, 1, 0, -1};
        for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
                if (grid[i][j] == 1) {
                    ++total;
                    q.offer(new int[] {i, j});
                    int d = 0;
                    boolean[][] vis = new boolean[m][n];
                    while (!q.isEmpty()) {
                        ++d;
                        for (int k = q.size(); k > 0; --k) {
                            int[] p = q.poll();
                            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
                                int x = p[0] + dirs[l];
                                int y = p[1] + dirs[l + 1];
                                if (x >= 0 && x < m && y >= 0 && y < n && grid[x][y] == 0
                                    && !vis[x][y]) {
                                    ++cnt[x][y];
                                    dist[x][y] += d;
                                    q.offer(new int[] {x, y});
                                    vis[x][y] = true;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        int ans = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
                if (grid[i][j] == 0 && cnt[i][j] == total) {
                    ans = Math.min(ans, dist[i][j]);
                }
            }
        }
        return ans == Integer.MAX_VALUE ? -1 : ans;
    }
}

C++

class Solution {
public:
    int shortestDistance(vector<vector<int>>& grid) {
        int m = grid.size();
        int n = grid[0].size();
        typedef pair<int, int> pii;
        queue<pii> q;
        int total = 0;
        vector<vector<int>> cnt(m, vector<int>(n));
        vector<vector<int>> dist(m, vector<int>(n));
        vector<int> dirs = {-1, 0, 1, 0, -1};
        for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
                if (grid[i][j] == 1) {
                    ++total;
                    q.push({i, j});
                    vector<vector<bool>> vis(m, vector<bool>(n));
                    int d = 0;
                    while (!q.empty()) {
                        ++d;
                        for (int k = q.size(); k > 0; --k) {
                            auto p = q.front();
                            q.pop();
                            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
                                int x = p.first + dirs[l];
                                int y = p.second + dirs[l + 1];
                                if (x >= 0 && x < m && y >= 0 && y < n && grid[x][y] == 0 && !vis[x][y]) {
                                    ++cnt[x][y];
                                    dist[x][y] += d;
                                    q.push({x, y});
                                    vis[x][y] = true;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        int ans = INT_MAX;
        for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i)
            for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j)
                if (grid[i][j] == 0 && cnt[i][j] == total)
                    ans = min(ans, dist[i][j]);
        return ans == INT_MAX ? -1 : ans;
    }
};

Go

func shortestDistance(grid [][]int) int {
	m, n := len(grid), len(grid[0])
	var q [][]int
	total := 0
	cnt := make([][]int, m)
	dist := make([][]int, m)
	for i := range cnt {
		cnt[i] = make([]int, n)
		dist[i] = make([]int, n)
	}
	dirs := []int{-1, 0, 1, 0, -1}
	for i := 0; i < m; i++ {
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			if grid[i][j] == 1 {
				total++
				q = append(q, []int{i, j})
				vis := make([]bool, m*n)
				d := 0
				for len(q) > 0 {
					d++
					for k := len(q); k > 0; k-- {
						p := q[0]
						q = q[1:]
						for l := 0; l < 4; l++ {
							x, y := p[0]+dirs[l], p[1]+dirs[l+1]
							if x >= 0 && x < m && y >= 0 && y < n && grid[x][y] == 0 && !vis[x*n+y] {
								cnt[x][y]++
								dist[x][y] += d
								q = append(q, []int{x, y})
								vis[x*n+y] = true
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	ans := math.MaxInt32
	for i := 0; i < m; i++ {
		for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
			if grid[i][j] == 0 && cnt[i][j] == total {
				if ans > dist[i][j] {
					ans = dist[i][j]
				}
			}
		}
	}
	if ans == math.MaxInt32 {
		return -1
	}
	return ans
}