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中等
数据库

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题目描述

表: Employee

+--------------+---------+
| 列名          | 类型    |
+--------------+---------+
| id           | int     |
| name         | varchar |
| salary       | int     |
| departmentId | int     |
+--------------+---------+
在 SQL 中,id是此表的主键。
departmentId 是 Department 表中 id 的外键(在 Pandas 中称为 join key)。
此表的每一行都表示员工的 id、姓名和工资。它还包含他们所在部门的 id。

 

表: Department

+-------------+---------+
| 列名         | 类型    |
+-------------+---------+
| id          | int     |
| name        | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
在 SQL 中,id 是此表的主键列。
此表的每一行都表示一个部门的 id 及其名称。

 

查找出每个部门中薪资最高的员工。
任意顺序 返回结果表。
查询结果格式如下例所示。

 

示例 1:

输入:
Employee 表:
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| id | name  | salary | departmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1  | Joe   | 70000  | 1            |
| 2  | Jim   | 90000  | 1            |
| 3  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
| 4  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
| 5  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
Department 表:
+----+-------+
| id | name  |
+----+-------+
| 1  | IT    |
| 2  | Sales |
+----+-------+
输出:
+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Jim      | 90000  |
| Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
| IT         | Max      | 90000  |
+------------+----------+--------+
解释:Max 和 Jim 在 IT 部门的工资都是最高的,Henry 在销售部的工资最高。

解法

方法一:等值连接 + 子查询

我们可以使用等值连接,将 Employee 表和 Department 表连接起来,连接条件为 Employee.departmentId = Department.id,然后使用子查询来找到每个部门的最高工资,最后使用 WHERE 子句来筛选出每个部门中薪资最高的员工。

MySQL

# Write your MySQL query statement below
SELECT d.name AS department, e.name AS employee, salary
FROM
    Employee AS e
    JOIN Department AS d ON e.departmentId = d.id
WHERE
    (d.id, salary) IN (
        SELECT departmentId, MAX(salary)
        FROM Employee
        GROUP BY 1
    );

方法二:等值连接 + 窗口函数

我们可以使用等值连接,将 Employee 表和 Department 表连接起来,连接条件为 Employee.departmentId = Department.id,然后使用窗口函数 rank(),它可以为每个部门的每个员工分配一个排名,然后我们可以选择排名为 $1$ 的行即可。

MySQL

# Write your MySQL query statement below
WITH
    T AS (
        SELECT
            d.name AS department,
            e.name AS employee,
            salary,
            RANK() OVER (
                PARTITION BY d.name
                ORDER BY salary DESC
            ) AS rk
        FROM
            Employee AS e
            JOIN Department AS d ON e.departmentId = d.id
    )
SELECT department, employee, salary
FROM T
WHERE rk = 1;