程序开发时,避免不了使用https加密通信,可以通过 openssl
工具来生成 ssl
证书,对于不懂的开发来说,openssl
工具是太难使用。有没有一个好用又简单的工具,可以试一试这个用Go语言写的命令行工具:mkcert
,非常简单易用。
mkcert
是一个使用go语言编写的生成本地自签证书的小工具,具有跨平台,使用简单,支持多域名,自动信任CA等一系列方便的特性,可供本地开发时快速创建 https
环境使用。
mkcert
是制作本地信任的开发证书简单工具。它不需要任何配置。
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创建本地CA,将CA加入本地可信CA,如下图
$ mkcert -install Created a new local CA at "/Users/filippo/Library/Application Support/mkcert" 💥 The local CA is now installed in the system trust store! ⚡️ The local CA is now installed in the Firefox trust store (requires browser restart)! 🦊
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生成多域名证书
$ mkcert example.com "*.example.com" example.test localhost 127.0.0.1 ::1 Using the local CA at "/Users/filippo/Library/Application Support/mkcert" ✨ Created a new certificate valid for the following names 📜 - "example.com" - "*.example.com" - "example.test" - "localhost" - "127.0.0.1" - "::1" # 证书文件输出在当前目录下 The certificate is at "./example.com+5.pem" and the key at "./example.com+5-key.pem" ✅
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MacOS
$ brew install mkcert $ brew install nss # Firefox 浏览器支持
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Linux
首先安装
certutil
$ sudo apt install libnss3-tools 或者 $ sudo yum install nss-tools 或者 $ sudo pacman -S nss 或者 $ sudo zypper install mozilla-nss-tools
然后可以使用 Linuxbrew 进行安装
$ brew install mkcert
或从源代码构建(需要Go 1.13+)
$ git clone https://github.com/FiloSottile/mkcert $ cd mkcert $ go build -ldflags "-X main.Version=$(git describe --tags)"
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Windows
$ choco install mkcert
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安装 nginx
$ brew install nginx
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配置 Nginx,再虚拟主机配置中添加下面内容
ssl_certificate /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/example.com+5.pem; ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/example.com+5-key.pem; ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-DSS-AES128-GCM-SHA256:kEDH+AESGCM:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:AES:CAMELLIA:DES-CBC3-SHA:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!DES:!RC4:!MD5:!PSK:!aECDH:!EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA:!EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:!KRB5-DES-CBC3-SHA';
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重载 Nginx
$ nginx -t && nginx -s reload
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浏览器访问 https://localhost:8443