About WCAG Understanding Documents
+ + + + + +About WCAG
+ + +Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) provides requirements for making websites, + applications, and other digital content accessible to people with disabilities. For + an introduction to WCAG, supporting technical documents, and educational material, + see WCAG 2 Overview + + . + +
+ + +There are additional resources that help you understand and implement WCAG. These + Understanding documents are one type of resource. Others are explained in the WCAG 2 Documents + + . + +
+ + +About the Understanding Documents
+ + +WCAG Understanding documents are guides to understanding and implementing WCAG. + They provide detailed explanations for + each guideline and each success criterion to help readers better understand the intent + of the success criteria. They include background information and technical details. + They include techniques that are examples of ways to meet the success criteria. Each technique is linked + to more details in a techniques page. Techniques are explained in Understanding Techniques for WCAG Success Criteria. + +
+ + +WCAG Understanding documents are not introductory resources. They are for people + who want to understand WCAG more thoroughly. The WCAG Overview provides introductory information. + +
+ + +Structure of the Documents
+ + +Understanding Guideline pages include: + +
+ + +-
+
+
+
- The intent + + +
- Any advisory techniques that are related + to the guideline and not specifically related to any of its success criteria + + + + +
Understanding Success Criterion pages include: + +
+ + +-
+
+
+
- The success criterion wording from WCAG + + +
- Intent of the success criterion + + +
- Benefits, how it helps people with disabilities + + +
- Examples + + +
- Related resources + + +
- Techniques
+
+
+
-
+
+
+
- Sufficient techniques + + +
- Advisory techniques + + +
- Failures + + +
+
+
+ - Key terms for this success criterion, from the WCAG Glossary + + +
+
+
+ Change Log
+
+
+
+
+
+ A list of significantly updated Understanding documents since WCAG 2.1 was published:
+ + +-
+
+
+
- + + + : Updated Understanding Non-text contrast, based on the changes from Pull request 550. + + + + + +
For a more detailed view of recent changes to the informative documents see the github updates. + +
+ + + +
+
+ Acknowledgements
+
+
+
+ Participants of the AG WG active in the development of this document:
+ +-
+
+
- Jake Abma (Invited Expert) + +
- Shadi Abou-Zahra (Amazon) + +
- Chuck Adams (Oracle Corporation) + +
- Amani Ali (Nomensa) + +
- Jim Allan (Invited Expert) + +
- Jon Avila (Level Access) + +
- Bruce Bailey (U.S. Access Board) + +
- Renaldo Bernard (University of Southampton) + +
- Dan Bjorge (Deque Systems, Inc.) + +
- Peter Bossley (Thomson Reuters) + +
- Rachael Bradley Montgomery (Library of Congress) + +
- Judy Brewer (W3C) + +
- Shari Butler (Pearson plc) + +
- Thaddeus Cambron (Invited Expert) + +
- Alastair Campbell (Nomensa) + +
- Laura Carlson (Invited Expert) + +
- Sukriti Chadha (Invited Expert) + +
- Rafal Charlampowicz (AccessibilityOZ) + +
- Michael Cooper (W3C) + +
- Jennifer Delisi (Invited Expert) + +
- Wayne Dick (Knowbility, Inc) + +
- Kim Dirks (Thomson Reuters) + +
- E.A. Draffan (University of Southampton) + +
- Eric Eggert (W3C) + +
- Michael Elledge (Invited Expert) + +
- Steve Faulkner (TPGi) + +
- David Fazio (Invited Expert) + +
- Wilco Fiers (Deque Systems, Inc.) + +
- Detlev Fischer (Invited Expert) + +
- John Foliot (Invited Expert) + +
- Matt Garrish (DAISY Consortium) + +
- Alistair Garrison (Level Access) + +
- Jaunita George (Navy Federal Credit Union) + +
- Michael Gower (IBM Corporation) + +
- Markku Hakkinen (Educational Testing Service) + +
- Charles Hall (Invited Expert) + +
- Katie Haritos-Shea (Knowbility, Inc) + +
- Dan Harper-Wain (HM Government) + +
- Shawn Henry (W3C) + +
- Sarah Horton (Invited Expert) + +
- Abi James (University of Southampton) + +
- Marc Johlic (IBM Corporation) + +
- Oliver Keim (SAP SE) + +
- Andrew Kirkpatrick (Adobe) + +
- John Kirkwood (Invited Expert) + +
- JaEun Jemma Ku (University of Illinois Chicago) + +
- Patrick H. Lauke (TetraLogical) + +
- Shawn Lauriat (Google, Inc.) + +
- Steve Lee (Invited Expert) + +
- Chris Loiselle (Invited Expert) + +
- David MacDonald (Invited Expert) + +
- Jan McSorley (Pearson plc) + +
- Rain Breaw Michaels (Google LLC) + +
- Neil Milliken (Unify Software and Solutions) + +
- Mary Jo Mueller (IBM Corporation) + +
- Jay Mullen (College Board) + +
- Brooks Newton (Thomson Reuters) + +
- Gundula Niemann (SAP SE) + +
- James Nurthen (Oracle Corporation) + +
- Lori Oakley (Oracle Corporation) + +
- Joshue O Connor (Invited Expert) + +
- Scott O'Hara (Microsoft) + +
- Sailesh Panchang (Deque Systems, Inc.) + +
- Kim Patch (Invited Expert) + +
- Melanie Philipp (Deque Systems, Inc.) + +
- Mike Pluke (Invited Expert) + +
- Ian Pouncey (TetraLogical) + +
- Ruoxi Ran (W3C) + +
- Stephen Repsher (Invited Expert) + +
- John Rochford (Invited Expert) + +
- Stefan Schnabel (SAP SE) + +
- Ayelet Seeman (Invited Expert) + +
- Lisa Seeman-Kestenbaum (Invited Expert) + +
- Glenda Sims (Deque Systems, Inc.) + +
- Avneesh Singh (DAISY Consortium) + +
- David Sloan (TPGi) + +
- Andrew Somers (Invited Expert) + +
- Jeanne Spellman (TetraLogical) + +
- Francis Storr (Intel) + +
- Poornima Badhan Subramanian (Invited Expert) + +
- Ben Tillyer (Invited Expert) + +
- Makoto Ueki (Invited Expert) + +
- Gregg Vanderheiden (Raising the Floor) + +
- Kathleen Wahlbin (Invited Expert) + +
- Léonie Watson (TetraLogical) + +
- Jason White (Educational Testing Service) + +
- White, Kevin (W3C Staff) + +
- Mark Wilcock (Unify Software and Solutions) + +
Other previously active WCAG WG participants and other contributors to WCAG 2.0, WCAG + 2.1, or supporting resources +
+ +Paul Adam, Jenae Andershonis, Wilhelm Joys Andersen, Andrew Arch, Avi Arditti, Aries + Arditi, Tom Babinszki, Mark Barratt, Mike Barta, Sandy Bartell, Kynn Bartlett, Chris + Beer, Charles Belov, Marco Bertoni, Harvey Bingham, Chris Blouch, Paul Bohman, Frederick + Boland, Denis Boudreau, Patrice Bourlon, Andy Brown, Dick Brown, Doyle Burnett, Raven + Calais, Ben Caldwell, Tomas Caspers, Roberto Castaldo, Sofia Celic-Li, Sambhavi Chandrashekar, + Mike Cherim, Jonathan Chetwynd, Wendy Chisholm, Alan Chuter, David M Clark, Joe Clark, + Darcy Clarke, James Coltham, Earl Cousins, James Craig, Tom Croucher, Pierce Crowell, + Nir Dagan, Daniel Dardailler, Geoff Deering, Sébastien Delorme, Pete DeVasto, Iyad + Abu Doush, Sylvie Duchateau, Cherie Eckholm, Roberto Ellero, Don Evans, Gavin Evans, + Neal Ewers, Steve Faulkner, Bengt Farre, Lainey Feingold, Wilco Fiers, Michel Fitos, + Alan J. Flavell, Nikolaos Floratos, Kentarou Fukuda, Miguel Garcia, P.J. Gardner, + Alistair Garrison, Greg Gay, Becky Gibson, Al Gilman, Kerstin Goldsmith, Michael Grade, + Karl Groves, Loretta Guarino Reid, Jon Gunderson, Emmanuelle Gutiérrez y Restrepo, + Brian Hardy, Eric Hansen, Benjamin Hawkes-Lewis, Sean Hayes, Shawn Henry, Hans Hillen, + Donovan Hipke, Bjoern Hoehrmann, Allen Hoffman, Chris Hofstader, Yvette Hoitink, Martijn + Houtepen, Carlos Iglesias, Richard Ishida, Jonas Jacek, Ian Jacobs, Phill Jenkins, + Barry Johnson, Duff Johnson, Jyotsna Kaki, Shilpi Kapoor, Leonard R. Kasday, Kazuhito + Kidachi, Ken Kipness, Johannes Koch, Marja-Riitta Koivunen, Maureen Kraft, Preety + Kumar, Kristjan Kure, Andrew LaHart, Gez Lemon, Chuck Letourneau, Aurélien Levy, Harry + Loots, Scott Luebking, Tim Lacy, Jim Ley, Alex Li, William Loughborough, N Maffeo, + Mark Magennis, Erich Manser, Kapsi Maria, Luca Mascaro, Matt May, Sheena McCullagh, + Liam McGee, Jens Oliver Meiert, Niqui Merret, Jonathan Metz, Alessandro Miele, Steven + Miller, Mathew J Mirabella, Matt May, Marti McCuller, Sorcha Moore, Charles F. Munat, + Robert Neff, Charles Nevile, Liddy Nevile, Dylan Nicholson, Bruno von Niman, Tim Noonan, + Sebastiano Nutarelli, Graham Oliver, Sean B. Palmer, Charu Pandhi, evarshi Pant, Nigel + Peck, Anne Pemberton, David Poehlman, Ian Pouncey, Charles Pritchard, Kerstin Probiesch, + W Reagan, Adam Victor Reed, Chris Reeve, Chris Ridpath, Lee Roberts, Mark Rogers, + Raph de Rooij, Gregory J. Rosmaita, Matthew Ross, Sharron Rush, Joel Sanda, Janina + Sajka, Roberto Scano, Gordon Schantz, Tim van Schie, Wolf Schmidt, Stefan Schnabel, + Cynthia Shelly, Glenda Sims, John Slatin, Becky Smith, Jared Smith, Andi Snow-Weaver, + Neil Soiffer, Mike Squillace, Michael Stenitzer, Diane Stottlemyer, Christophe Strobbe, + Sarah J Swierenga, Jim Thatcher, Terry Thompson, Justin Thorp, David Todd, Mary Utt, + Jean Vanderdonckt, Carlos A Velasco, Eric Velleman, Gijs Veyfeyken, Dena Wainwright, + Paul Walsch, Daman Wandke, Richard Warren, Elle Waters, Takayuki Watanabe, Gian Wild, + David Wooley, Wu Wei, Kenny Zhang, Leona Zumbo. +
+ +Enabling funders
+ +This publication has been funded in part with U.S. Federal funds from the Health and + Human Services, National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation + Research (NIDILRR), initially under contract number ED-OSE-10-C-0067, then under contract + number HHSP23301500054C, and now under HHS75P00120P00168. The content of this publication + does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Health + and Human Services or the U.S. Department of Education, nor does mention of trade + names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. +
+ +