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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>Understanding Success Criterion 1.2.7: Extended Audio Description (Prerecorded) | WAI | W3C</title>
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<nav>
<header class="box-h ">Page Contents</header>
<div class="box-i">
<ul>
<li><a href="#brief">In Brief</a></li>
<li><a href="#intent">Intent</a></li>
<li><a href="#benefits">Benefits</a></li>
<li><a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li><a href="#resources">Related Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#techniques">Techniques</a></li>
<li><a href="#key-terms">Key Terms</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
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</aside>
<main id="main" class="standalone-resource__main">
<h1><span class="standalone-resource__type-of-guidance">Understanding
SC 1.2.7:</span>Extended Audio Description (Prerecorded) (Level AAA)
</h1>
<aside class="box">
<header class="box-h box-h-icon">Success Criterion (SC) </header>
<div class="box-i">
<p>Where pauses in foreground audio are insufficient to allow <a href="#dfn-audio-description">audio descriptions</a> to convey the sense of the video, <a href="#dfn-extended-audio-description">extended audio description</a> is provided for all <a href="#dfn-prerecorded">prerecorded</a>
<a href="#dfn-video">video</a> content in <a href="#dfn-synchronized-media">synchronized media</a>.
</p>
</div>
</aside>
<div class="excol-all"></div>
<section id="brief">
<h2>In Brief</h2>
<dl>
<dt>Goal</dt>
<dd>Videos can be played with more detailed audio descriptions.</dd>
<dt>What to do</dt>
<dd>Provide extended spoken descriptions of the visual content in videos.</dd>
<dt>Why it's important</dt>
<dd>People who are blind or who cannot understand the visual content can have it described
to them while playing videos.
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="intent">
<h2>Intent</h2>
<p>The intent of this Success Criterion is to provide people who are blind or visually
impaired access to a synchronized media presentation beyond that which can be provided
by standard audio description. This is done by periodically freezing the synchronized
media presentation and playing additional audio description. The synchronized media
presentation is then resumed.
</p>
<p>Because it disrupts viewing for those who do not need the additional description,
techniques that allow you to turn the feature on and off are often provided. Alternately,
versions with and without the additional description can be provided.
</p>
</section>
<section id="benefits">
<h2>Benefits</h2>
<ul>
<li>People who are blind, people with low vision who cannot see the screen, as well as
those with cognitive limitations who have difficulty interpreting visually what is
happening, often use audio description of the visual information. However, if there
is too much dialogue the audio description is insufficient. Extended audio description
can provide the additional information needed to understand the video.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="examples">
<h2>Examples</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<em>Example 1. Video of a lecture.</em> A physics professor is giving a lecture. He makes freehand sketches on the whiteboard,
speaking rapidly as he draws. As soon as he has finished discussing one problem, he
erases the drawing and makes another sketch while continuing to speak and gesture
with his other hand. The video is paused between problems, and extended audio description
of the professor's drawings and gestures is provided; the video is then resumed.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="resources">
<h2>Related Resources</h2>
<p>Resources are for information purposes only, no endorsement implied.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-smil/">Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) 1.0</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/SMIL/">Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) 2.0</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/SMIL-access/">Accessibility Features of SMIL</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://ncam.wgbh.org/invent_build/web_multimedia/accessible-digital-media-guide/guideline-h-multimedia#techH12">NCAM Rich Media Accessibility, Accessible SMIL Templates</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://joeclark.org/access/description/ad-principles.html">Standard Techniques in Audio Description</a>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="techniques">
<h2>Techniques</h2>
<p>Each numbered item in this section represents a technique or combination of techniques
that the WCAG Working Group deems sufficient for meeting this Success Criterion. However,
it is not necessary to use these particular techniques. For information on using other
techniques, see <a href="understanding-techniques">Understanding Techniques for WCAG Success Criteria</a>, particularly the "Other Techniques" section.
</p>
<section id="sufficient">
<h3>Sufficient Techniques</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<p>
<a class="general" href="https://w3c.github.io/wcag/techniques/general/G8">G8: Providing a movie with extended audio descriptions</a> using one of the following:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a class="smil" href="https://w3c.github.io/wcag/techniques/smil/SM1">SM1: Adding extended audio description in SMIL 1.0</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="smil" href="https://w3c.github.io/wcag/techniques/smil/SM2">SM2: Adding extended audio description in SMIL 2.0</a>
</li>
<li>Using any player that supports audio and video</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="advisory">
<h3>Advisory Techniques</h3>
<p>Although not required for conformance, the following additional techniques should
be considered in order to make content more accessible. Not all techniques can be
used or would be effective in all situations.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a class="html" href="https://w3c.github.io/wcag/techniques/html/H96">H96: Using the track element to provide audio descriptions</a>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section id="key-terms">
<details>
<summary>
<h2>Key Terms</h2>
</summary>
<dt id="dfn-audio">audio</dt>
<dd>
<definition xmlns="">
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">the technology of sound reproduction</p>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="note">
<p class="note-title marker">Note</p>
<p>Audio can be created synthetically (including speech synthesis), recorded from real
world sounds, or both.
</p>
</div>
</definition>
</dd>
<dt id="dfn-audio-description">audio description</dt>
<dd>
<definition xmlns="">
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">narration added to the soundtrack to describe important visual details that cannot
be understood from the main soundtrack alone
</p>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="note">
<p class="note-title marker">Note</p>
<p>Audio description of <a href="#dfn-video">video</a> provides information about actions, characters, scene changes, on-screen text, and
other visual content.
</p>
</div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="note">
<p class="note-title marker">Note</p>
<p>In standard audio description, narration is added during existing pauses in dialogue.
(See also <a href="#dfn-extended-audio-description">extended audio description</a>.)
</p>
</div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="note">
<p class="note-title marker">Note</p>
<p>Where all of the <a href="#dfn-video">video</a> information is already provided in existing <a href="#dfn-audio">audio</a>, no additional audio description is necessary.
</p>
</div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="note">
<p class="note-title marker">Note</p>
<p>Also called "video description" and "descriptive narration."</p>
</div>
</definition>
</dd>
<dt id="dfn-extended-audio-description">extended audio description</dt>
<dd>
<definition xmlns="">
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">audio description that is added to an audiovisual presentation by pausing the <a href="#dfn-video">video</a> so that there is time to add additional description
</p>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="note">
<p class="note-title marker">Note</p>
<p>This technique is only used when the sense of the <a href="#dfn-video">video</a> would be lost without the additional <a href="#dfn-audio-description">audio description</a> and the pauses between dialogue/narration are too short.
</p>
</div>
</definition>
</dd>
<dt id="dfn-live">live</dt>
<dd>
<definition xmlns="">
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">information captured from a real-world event and transmitted to the receiver with
no more than a broadcast delay
</p>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="note">
<p class="note-title marker">Note</p>
<p>A broadcast delay is a short (usually automated) delay, for example used in order
to give the broadcaster time to cue or censor the audio (or video) feed, but not sufficient
to allow significant editing.
</p>
</div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="note">
<p class="note-title marker">Note</p>
<p>If information is completely computer generated, it is not live.</p>
</div>
</definition>
</dd>
<dt id="dfn-media-alternative-for-text">media alternative for text</dt>
<dd>
<definition xmlns="">
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">media that presents no more information than is already presented in text (directly
or via text alternatives)
</p>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="note">
<p class="note-title marker">Note</p>
<p>A media alternative for text is provided for those who benefit from alternate representations
of text. Media alternatives for text may be audio-only, video-only (including sign-language
video), or audio-video.
</p>
</div>
</definition>
</dd>
<dt id="dfn-prerecorded">prerecorded</dt>
<dd>
<definition xmlns="">
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">information that is not <a href="#dfn-live">live</a>
</p>
</definition>
</dd>
<dt id="dfn-synchronized-media">synchronized media</dt>
<dd>
<definition xmlns="">
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<a href="#dfn-audio">audio</a> or <a href="#dfn-video">video</a> synchronized with another format for presenting information and/or with time-based
interactive components, unless the media is a <a href="#dfn-media-alternative-for-text">media alternative for text</a> that is clearly labeled as such
</p>
</definition>
</dd>
<dt id="dfn-video">video</dt>
<dd>
<definition xmlns="">
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">the technology of moving or sequenced pictures or images</p>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="note">
<p class="note-title marker">Note</p>
<p>Video can be made up of animated or photographic images, or both.</p>
</div>
</definition>
</dd>
</details>
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