From 0469c351f8952c0354c9813c07313681d9589971 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Patrick H. Lauke" Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2023 02:18:13 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 1/5] Chore: update .html files for xslt/xml processing MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit * change `` to self-closing `` ... not elegant, but at least not invalid html * add `xml:space="preserve"` to all instances of `
` to maintain spaces through xslt transformation
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 understanding/20/text-alternatives.html       |  2 +-
 .../20/three-flashes-or-below-threshold.html  |  2 +-
 understanding/20/three-flashes.html           |  2 +-
 understanding/20/time-based-media.html        |  2 +-
 understanding/20/timing-adjustable.html       |  2 +-
 understanding/20/understanding-metadata.html  |  2 +-
 understanding/20/unusual-words.html           |  2 +-
 understanding/20/visual-presentation.html     |  2 +-
 .../21/seizures-and-physical-reactions.html   |  2 +-
 .../accessible-authentication-enhanced.html   |  2 +-
 .../22/accessible-authentication-minimum.html |  2 +-
 understanding/22/consistent-help.html         |  2 +-
 understanding/22/dragging-movements.html      |  2 +-
 understanding/22/focus-appearance.html        |  2 +-
 understanding/22/redundant-entry.html         |  2 +-
 understanding/conformance.html                |  4 +-
 490 files changed, 554 insertions(+), 554 deletions(-)

diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA1.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA1.html
index d94fe652fd..e7c77709a2 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA1.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA1.html
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 
    
       Using the aria-describedby property to provide a descriptive label for user interface controls
-      
+      
    
    
       
Using the aria-describedby property to provide a descriptive label for user interface controls

diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA10.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA10.html
index 2060109d39..b89673799d 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA10.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA10.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Using aria-labelledby to provide a text alternative for non-text content
Using aria-labelledby to provide a text alternative for non-text content
ID: ARIA10
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Using aria-labelledby to provide a text alternative for non-text content
Using aria-labelledby to provide a text alternative for non-text content
ID: ARIA10
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
This technique applies to HTML with Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA).

    
Description

       
The purpose of this technique is to provide a short description for an element that can be read by assistive technologies by using the aria-labelledby attribute. The aria-labelledby attribute associates an element with text that is visible elsewhere on the page by using an id reference value that matches the id attribute of the labeling element. Assistive technology such as screen readers use the text of the element identified by the value of the aria-labelledby attribute as the text alternative for the element with the attribute.

diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA11.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA11.html
index e077663f43..86c1b8e56c 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA11.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA11.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
    
       Using ARIA landmarks to identify regions of a page
-      
+      
    
    
       
Using ARIA landmarks to identify regions of a page

diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA12.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA12.html
index 5347cab38b..f97129f9e6 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA12.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA12.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Using role=heading to identify headings
Using role=heading to identify headings
ID: ARIA12
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Using role=heading to identify headings
Using role=heading to identify headings
ID: ARIA12
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
Technologies that support Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA). 

    
Description

       
The purpose of this technique is to provide a way for Assistive Technologies (AT) to identify 
diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA13.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA13.html
index 9344a6c161..820cc709c5 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA13.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA13.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Using aria-labelledby to name regions and landmarks
Using aria-labelledby to name regions and landmarks
ID: ARIA13
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Using aria-labelledby to name regions and landmarks
Using aria-labelledby to name regions and landmarks
ID: ARIA13
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
Technologies that support Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA). 

    
Description

       
The purpose of this technique is to provide names for regions of a page that can be read by assistive technology.  The aria-labelledby attribute provides a way to associate a section of the page marked up as a region or landmarks with text that is on the page that labels it.
diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA14.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA14.html
index c6baca2cf3..492bf58aba 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA14.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA14.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Using aria-label to provide an invisible label where a visible label cannot be used
Using aria-label to provide an invisible label where a visible label cannot be used
ID: ARIA14
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Using aria-label to provide an invisible label where a visible label cannot be used
Using aria-label to provide an invisible label where a visible label cannot be used
ID: ARIA14
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
Technologies that support Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA). 

    
Description

       
For sighted users, the context and visual appearance of an element can provide sufficient cues to determine the purpose. An example is the 'X' often used in the top right corner of pop-up divs (light boxes) to indicate the control for closing the div.  
diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA15.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA15.html
index 18eac1dc40..dd849efb56 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA15.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA15.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Using aria-describedby to provide descriptions of images
Using aria-describedby to provide descriptions of images
ID: ARIA15
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Using aria-describedby to provide descriptions of images
Using aria-describedby to provide descriptions of images
ID: ARIA15
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
Technologies that support Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA). 

    
Description

       
The objective of this technique is to provide descriptions of images when a short text alternative does not adequately convey the function or information provided in the object. 
diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA16.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA16.html
index 662d1d119d..c9037137cb 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA16.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA16.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Using aria-labelledby to provide a name for user interface controls
Using aria-labelledby to provide a name for user interface controls
ID: ARIA16
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Using aria-labelledby to provide a name for user interface controls
Using aria-labelledby to provide a name for user interface controls
ID: ARIA16
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
Technologies that support Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA). 

    
Description

       
The purpose of this technique is to provide names for user interface controls that can be read by assistive technology.  WAI-ARIA provides a way to associate text with a section, drawing, form element, picture, and so on, using the aria-labelledby property. This techniques uses the aria-labelledby attribute to associate a user interface control, such as a form field, with text on the page that labels it.
diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA17.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA17.html
index dfa0fca046..8d88e44a31 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA17.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA17.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Using grouping roles to identify related form controls
Using grouping roles to identify related form controls
ID: ARIA17
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Using grouping roles to identify related form controls
Using grouping roles to identify related form controls
ID: ARIA17
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
Technologies that support Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA). 

    
Description

       
The objective of this technique is to mark up a set of related controls within a form  as a group. Any label associated with the group also serves as a common label or qualifier for individual controls in the group. Assistive technologies can indicate the start and end of the group and the group's label as one navigates into and out of the group. This is a viable alternative for grouping form controls programmatically when the user interface's design makes it difficult to employ the fieldset / legend technique (H71).

diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA18.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA18.html
index ffa2826902..7574697234 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA18.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA18.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Using aria-alertdialog to Identify Errors
Using aria-alertdialog to Identify Errors
ID: ARIA18
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Using aria-alertdialog to Identify Errors
Using aria-alertdialog to Identify Errors
ID: ARIA18
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
Technologies that support Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA). 

    
Description

       
The purpose of this technique is to alert people that an input error has occurred. Using role="alertdialog" creates a notification. This notification should be modal with the following characteristics:
diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA19.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA19.html
index 7d1b0128e3..854ae26a07 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA19.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA19.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Using ARIA role=alert or Live Regions to Identify Errors
Using ARIA role=alert or Live Regions to Identify Errors
ID: ARIA19
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Using ARIA role=alert or Live Regions to Identify Errors
Using ARIA role=alert or Live Regions to Identify Errors
ID: ARIA19
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
Technologies that support Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA). 

    
Description

       
The purpose of this technique is to notify Assistive Technologies (AT) when an input error occurs. The aria-live attribute makes it possible for an AT (such as a screen reader) to be notified when error messages are injected into a Live Region container. The content within the aria-live region is automatically read by the AT, without the AT having to focus on the place where the text is displayed.
diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA2.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA2.html
index c7fdc76256..6f8a9197ec 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA2.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA2.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
   
     Identifying a required field with the aria-required property
-    
+    
   
   
     
Identifying a required field with the aria-required property

diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA20.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA20.html
index a44cb7131a..4dfca94c88 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA20.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA20.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Using the region role to identify a region of the page
Using the region role to identify a region of the page
ID: ARIA20
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Using the region role to identify a region of the page
Using the region role to identify a region of the page
ID: ARIA20
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
Technologies that support Accessible Rich Internet Applications.

    
Description

 
This technique demonstrates how to assign a generic region role to a section of a page so that user agents and assistive technologies may be able to programmatically identify it. The region role demarcates a segment of the page that contains content of significance so that it is more readily discoverable and navigable. The generic region should be used when the section cannot be marked up using a standard document landmark role (see ARIA11).

diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA21.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA21.html
index 430b301335..891d9ea1fd 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA21.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA21.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Using aria-invalid to Indicate An Error Field
Using aria-invalid to Indicate An Error Field
ID: ARIA21
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Using aria-invalid to Indicate An Error Field
Using aria-invalid to Indicate An Error Field
ID: ARIA21
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
HTML with Accessible Rich Internet Applications.

    
Description

 
This technique demonstrates how aria-invalid may be employed to specifically identify fields that have failed validation. Its use is most suitable when:
   
diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA23.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA23.html
index f78a90fbce..1cd4f67ea9 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA23.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA23.html
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ 
Updating the contents of a chat conversation

 			

 				
Updating the log of a server

 				
An application log records time-stamped activities. The log is exposed in the app as a view, with the region marked with the role of log so that the new additions are announced by the ATs. (The default value for the aria-relevant attribute is "additions", so the removal of the old top entries due to log size limitations will not be announced.)  When each new log entry is added, a screen reader announces it.

-
<div id="activityLog" role="log">
+
<div id="activityLog" role="log">
   <h4 id="logHeading">Recent activity</h4>
   <ul id="logentries"">
     <li>08:03 UserX logged off</li>
diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA24.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA24.html
index aba60e88c6..61fca5d7e3 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA24.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA24.html
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ 
Basic principle of the technique

 
          
1. Author adds a font-face to the CSS

          
The first step is used for adding a font face with icons via the CSS file.

-         
/* specify font-family name for icons */
+         
/* specify font-family name for icons */
 @font-face { font-family: 'IconFontRoleImg'; }
 
 /* default class for fonts-face with icons */
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ 
1. Author adds a font-face to the CSS

 
          
2. Author adds the font classes to the HTML

          
The second step adds classes, the role="img" attribute for semantics and an accessible name.

-         
<!-- icon via class names, role="img" and a text alternative -->
+         
<!-- icon via class names, role="img" and a text alternative -->
 <p>
   <span class="icon icon-star-bg" role="img" aria-label="Favorite"></span>
 </p>

 
          
3. User CSS file replaces the font-family except the icon file

          
The third step uses the ":not selector" in combination with the "[attribute] selector" to only replace font faces for regular text.

-         
/* replaces font faces but excludes all elements with attribute role="img" */
+         
/* replaces font faces but excludes all elements with attribute role="img" */
 *:not([role="img"]) { font-family: Verdana, sans-serif !important; }

 
       

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ 
Star Icon Font used as an indicator (not interactive)

 
 			

             
Author CSS

-            
/* default class for fonts-face with icons */
+            
/* default class for fonts-face with icons */
 .icon { font-family: 'IconFontRoleImg' !important; }
 
 /* specific class for icon */
@@ -79,20 +79,20 @@ 
Author CSS

             
HTML

 			

             
- Instead of... -

-            
<p>
+            
<p>
   <span class="icon icon-star-bg"></span>
 </p>

 			

          	

             
- Do... -

-            
<p>
+            
<p>
   <span class="icon icon-star-bg" role="img" aria-label="Favorite"></span>
 </p>

          	

          

          

             
User CSS

-            
*:not([role="img"]) { font-family: Verdana, sans-serif !important; }

+            
*:not([role="img"]) { font-family: Verdana, sans-serif !important; }

          	

          	

             
Working example:

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ 
Two colored / stacked star Icon Font used as an indicator

             
In this example a two colored star icon is created by stacking two fonts with different colors on top of each other. This way it's possible to mimic only half the star is filled. It is not interactive and does not disappear if the user overrides the font family via CSS.

 			

             
Author CSS

-            
/* default class for fonts-face with icons */
+            
/* default class for fonts-face with icons */
 .icon { font-family: 'IconFontRoleImg' !important; }
 
 /* specific classes for icons */
@@ -119,14 +119,14 @@ 
Author CSS

             
HTML

 			

             
- Instead of... -

-            
<span class="icon-stacked">
+            
<span class="icon-stacked">
   <span class="icon icon-star-bg grey"></span>
   <span class="icon icon-star-half yellow"></span>
 </span>

 			

          	

             
- Do... -

-            
<span class="icon-stacked" role="img" aria-label="Favorite star half filled">
+            
<span class="icon-stacked" role="img" aria-label="Favorite star half filled">
   <span class="icon icon-star-bg grey" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></span>
   <span class="icon icon-star-half yellow" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></span>
 </span>

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ 
- Do... -

          	

          	

             
User CSS

-            
*:not([role="img"]) { font-family: Verdana, sans-serif !important; }

+            
*:not([role="img"]) { font-family: Verdana, sans-serif !important; }

          	

          	

             
Working example:

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ 
Email Icon Font in a link WITHOUT visible text

             
In this example an email icon is in a link with no visible text. It does not disappear if a user overrides font family. The icon font is identified by assistive technology as a "link image" and the name "Email" (keyboard or mouse).

 			

             
Author CSS

-            
/* default class for fonts-face with icons */
+            
/* default class for fonts-face with icons */
 .icon { font-family: 'IconFontRoleImg' !important; }
 
 /* specific class for icon */
@@ -160,20 +160,20 @@ 
Author CSS

             
HTML

 			

             
- Instead of... -

-            
<a href="email.html">
+            
<a href="email.html">
   <span class="icon icon-email"></span>
 </a>

 			

          	

             
- Do... -

-            
<a href="email.html">
+            
<a href="email.html">
   <span class="icon icon-email" role="img" aria-label="Email"></span>
 </a>

          	

          	

          	

             
User CSS

-            
*:not([role="img"]) { font-family: Verdana, sans-serif !important; }

+            
*:not([role="img"]) { font-family: Verdana, sans-serif !important; }

          	

          	

             
Working example:

@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ 
Multiple Icon Fonts as part of another sematic element WITH visible text
This example already has a visible text label in the link to be used as an accessible name, the mail and chevron font icons must stay visible when the font family is changed. This can be done by ensuring the icons are contained in their own element and the attribute aria-hidden="true" is used so the font icons will be ignored by assistive technologies.

 			

             
Author CSS

-            
/* default class for fonts-face with icons */
+            
/* default class for fonts-face with icons */
 .icon { font-family: 'IconFontRoleImg' !important; }
 
 /* specific class for icon */
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ 
Author CSS

             
HTML

 			

             
- Instead of... -

-            
<style>
+            
<style>
 .icon-double-link:before   { content: "\e93e"; }
 .icon-double-link:after    { content: "\e993"; }
 </style>
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ 
- Instead of... -

 			

          	

             
- Do... -

-            
<style>
+            
<style>
   .icon-email:before   { content: "\e93e"; }
   .icon-chevron:before { content: "\e993"; }
   .icon-double-link .icon-chevron  { float: right; margin-left: 1.5rem; }
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ 
- Do... -

          	

          	

             
User CSS

-            
*:not([role="img"]) { font-family: Verdana, sans-serif !important; }

+            
*:not([role="img"]) { font-family: Verdana, sans-serif !important; }

          	

          	

             
Working example:

diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA4.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA4.html
index f526192160..5bc482bb27 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA4.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA4.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Using a WAI-ARIA role to expose the role of a user interface component
Using a WAI-ARIA role to expose the role of a user interface component
ID: ARIA4
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Using a WAI-ARIA role to expose the role of a user interface component
Using a WAI-ARIA role to expose the role of a user interface component
ID: ARIA4
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
Technologies that support Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA).

    
Description

       
The objective of this technique is to define the role of an element using the role attribute with one of the non-abstract values defined in the WAI-ARIA Definition of Roles. The WAI-ARIA specification provides an informative description of each role, how it relates to other roles, and the states and properties for each role. When rich internet applications define new user interface widgets, exposing the roles enables users to understand the widget and how to interact with it.

diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA5.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA5.html
index c39944d686..bcf38c6982 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA5.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA5.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Using WAI-ARIA state and property attributes to expose the state of a user interface component
Using WAI-ARIA state and property attributes to expose the state of a user interface component
ID: ARIA5
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Using WAI-ARIA state and property attributes to expose the state of a user interface component
Using WAI-ARIA state and property attributes to expose the state of a user interface component
ID: ARIA5
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

    
Technologies that support Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA). 

 
Description

    
The objective of this technique is to use WAI-ARIA state and property attributes to expose the state, properties and values of a user interface component so that they can be read and set by assistive technology, and so that assistive technology is notified of changes to these values. The WAI-ARIA specification provides a normative description of each attribute, and the role of the user interface elements that they support. When rich internet applications define new user interface widgets, exposing the state and property attributes enables users to understand the widget and how to interact with it.

diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA6.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA6.html
index a438302011..8ff01b2d16 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA6.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA6.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Using aria-label to provide labels for objects
Using aria-label to provide labels for objects
ID: ARIA6
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Using aria-label to provide labels for objects
Using aria-label to provide labels for objects
ID: ARIA6
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
Technologies that support Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA). 

    
Description

       
The purpose of this technique is to provide a label for objects that can be read by assistive technology. The aria-label attribute provides the text label for an object, such as a button. When a screen reader encounters the object, the aria-label text is read so that the user will know what it is.

diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA7.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA7.html
index 739e0d02b1..1668544848 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA7.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA7.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Using aria-labelledby for link purpose
Using aria-labelledby for link purpose
ID: ARIA7
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Using aria-labelledby for link purpose
Using aria-labelledby for link purpose
ID: ARIA7
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
Technologies that support Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA). 

    
Description

       
With the aria-labelledby attribute, authors can use a visible text element on the page as a label for a focusable element (a form control or a link). For example, a "read more..." link could be associated with the text of the heading of the preceding section to make the purpose of the link unambiguous (see example 1).

diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA8.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA8.html
index 241724b46b..b99f624219 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA8.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA8.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Using aria-label for link purpose
Using aria-label for link purpose
ID: ARIA8
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Using aria-label for link purpose
Using aria-label for link purpose
ID: ARIA8
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
Technologies that support Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA). 

    
Description

       
The objective of this technique is to describe the purpose of a link using the aria-label attribute. The aria-label attribute provides a way to place a descriptive text label on an object, such as a link, when there are no elements visible on the page that describe the object. If descriptive elements are visible on the page, the aria-labelledby attribute should be used instead of aria-label. Providing a descriptive text label lets a user distinguish the link from links in the Web page that lead to other destinations and helps the user determine whether to follow the link. In some assistive technologies the aria-label value will show in the list of links instead of the actual link text.

diff --git a/techniques/aria/ARIA9.html b/techniques/aria/ARIA9.html
index 858ee76d0e..182f7ad0f1 100644
--- a/techniques/aria/ARIA9.html
+++ b/techniques/aria/ARIA9.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Using aria-labelledby to concatenate a label from several text nodes
Using aria-labelledby to concatenate a label from several text nodes
ID: ARIA9
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Using aria-labelledby to concatenate a label from several text nodes
Using aria-labelledby to concatenate a label from several text nodes
ID: ARIA9
Technology: aria
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
Technologies that support Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA). 

    
Description

       
The aria-labelledby property can be used to label all visual objects. Applied to inputs, the aria-labelledby property can be used to label native inputs as well as non-native elements, such as custom text inputs constructed with div contenteditable="true".

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR1.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR1.html
index f6862a594e..93413bf6c2 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR1.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR1.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Allowing the user to extend the default time limit
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Allowing the user to extend the default time limit

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR14.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR14.html
index 6502fc2dd9..c8a9bb159f 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR14.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR14.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Using scripts to make nonessential alerts optional
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Using scripts to make nonessential alerts optional

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR16.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR16.html
index 952f8025d0..bf8d2b11cb 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR16.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR16.html
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 
 
    Providing a script that warns the user a time limit is about to expire
-   
+   
 
 
    
Providing a script that warns the user a time limit is about to expire

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR18.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR18.html
index b2de64198a..16dae5789b 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR18.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR18.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Providing client-side validation and alert
Providing client-side validation and alert
ID: SCR18
Technology: client-side-script
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Providing client-side validation and alert
Providing client-side validation and alert
ID: SCR18
Technology: client-side-script
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
Content that validates user input.

    
Description

       
The objective of this technique is to validate user input as values are entered for each field, by means of client-side scripting. If errors are found, an alert dialog describes the nature of the error in text. Once the user dismisses the alert dialog, it is helpful if the script positions the keyboard focus on the field where the error occurred.

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR19.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR19.html
index 3645685549..f5b230a4fe 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR19.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR19.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Using an onchange event on a select element without causing a change of
-                    context
Using an onchange event on a select element without causing a change of
+                    context
Using an onchange event on a select element without causing a change of
                     context
ID: SCR19
Technology: client-side-script
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
HTML with support for scripting.

    
Description

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR2.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR2.html
index 69cd495201..3174ab6c77 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR2.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR2.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
    
       Using redundant keyboard and mouse event handlers
-      
+      
    
    
       
Using redundant keyboard and mouse event handlers

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR20.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR20.html
index ede61bfbd3..ec23601e5b 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR20.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR20.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
    
       Using both keyboard and other device-specific functions
-      
+      
    
 
    
Using both keyboard and other device-specific functions

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR21.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR21.html
index 4d4d027b3e..6af42d01bf 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR21.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR21.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Using functions of the Document Object Model (DOM) to add content to a page
Using functions of the Document Object Model (DOM) to add content to a page
ID: SCR21
Technology: client-side-script
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Using functions of the Document Object Model (DOM) to add content to a page
Using functions of the Document Object Model (DOM) to add content to a page
ID: SCR21
Technology: client-side-script
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
ECMAScript used inside HTML

    
Description

       
The objective of this technique is to demonstrate how to use functions of the Document Object Model (DOM) to add content to a page. If the DOM functions are used to add the content, user agents can access the DOM to retrieve the content. The createElement() function can be used to create elements within the DOM. The createTextNode() is used to create text associated with elements. The appendChild(), removeChild(), insertBefore(), and replaceChild() functions are used to add and remove elements and nodes. Other DOM functions are used to assign attributes to the created elements.

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR22.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR22.html
index 41a638872f..78b4613207 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR22.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR22.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Using scripts to control blinking and stop it in five seconds or less
Using scripts to control blinking and stop it in five seconds or less
ID: SCR22
Technology: client-side-script
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Using scripts to control blinking and stop it in five seconds or less
Using scripts to control blinking and stop it in five seconds or less
ID: SCR22
Technology: client-side-script
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
Technologies that support script-controlled blinking of content.

    
Description

       
The objective of this technique is to control blinking with script so it can be set to stop in less than five seconds by the script. Script is used to start the blinking effect of content, control the toggle between visible and hidden states, and also stop the effect at five seconds or less. The setTimeout() function can be used to toggle blinking content between visible and hidden states, and stop when the number of iterations by the time between them adds up to nearly five seconds.

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR24.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR24.html
index 949ecde2a1..0bd61eb2ee 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR24.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR24.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Using progressive enhancement to open new windows on user request
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Using progressive enhancement to open new windows on user request

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR26.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR26.html
index 320ea8fc11..9b805641c0 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR26.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR26.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Inserting dynamic content into the Document Object Model immediately following its trigger element
Inserting dynamic content into the Document Object Model immediately following its trigger element
ID: SCR26
Technology: client-side-script
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Inserting dynamic content into the Document Object Model immediately following its trigger element
Inserting dynamic content into the Document Object Model immediately following its trigger element
ID: SCR26
Technology: client-side-script
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
HTML and script

    
Description

       
The objective of this technique is to place inserted user interface elements into the Document Object Model (DOM) in such a way that the tab order and screen-reader reading order are set correctly by the default behavior of the user agent. This technique can be used for any user interface element that is hidden and shown, such as menus and dialogs.

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR27.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR27.html
index c0f9d887e8..bd3d261679 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR27.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR27.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
   
     Reordering page sections using the Document Object Model
-    
+    
   
   
     
Reordering page sections using the Document Object Model

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR28.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR28.html
index a81f84d068..bfe14ed121 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR28.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR28.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Using an expandable and collapsible menu to bypass block of content
Using an expandable and collapsible menu to bypass block of content
ID: SCR28
Technology: client-side-script
Type: Technique
When to Use

+Using an expandable and collapsible menu to bypass block of content
Using an expandable and collapsible menu to bypass block of content
ID: SCR28
Technology: client-side-script
Type: Technique
When to Use

       
Technologies that provide client side scripting.

    
Description

       
This technique allows users to skip repeated material by placing that material in a menu that can be expanded or collapsed under user control. The user can skip the repeated material by collapsing the menu. The user invokes a user interface control to hide or remove the elements of the menu. The resources section lists several techniques for menus, toolbars and trees, any of which can be used to provide a mechanism for skipping navigation.

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR29.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR29.html
index b62c4a4ba3..c5a0995deb 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR29.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR29.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Adding keyboard-accessible actions to static HTML elements
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Adding keyboard-accessible actions to static HTML elements

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR30.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR30.html
index ec214916df..92179ceb19 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR30.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR30.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Using scripts to change the link text
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Using scripts to change the link text

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR31.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR31.html
index 3d20539bbf..641ef6b78b 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR31.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR31.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Using script to change the background color or border of the element with focus
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Using script to change the background color or border of the element with focus

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR32.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR32.html
index 76edbde3c3..a67ab3dec6 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR32.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR32.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Providing client-side validation and adding error text via the DOM
-		
+		
    
    
 		
Providing client-side validation and adding error text via the DOM

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR33.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR33.html
index 76953e6cdb..e80538d85b 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR33.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR33.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
   
     Using script to scroll content, and providing a mechanism to pause it
-    
+    
   
   
     
Using script to scroll content, and providing a mechanism to pause it

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR34.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR34.html
index c9160a773e..e7e974ad26 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR34.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR34.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
    
       Calculating size and position in a way that scales with text size
-      
+      
    
    
       
Calculating size and position in a way that scales with text size

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR35.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR35.html
index 494434360d..cd39fe761c 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR35.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR35.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Making actions keyboard accessible by using the onclick event of anchors and buttons
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Making actions keyboard accessible by using the onclick event of anchors and buttons

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR36.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR36.html
index c5745a1012..fcd75f9609 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR36.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR36.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Providing a mechanism to allow users to display moving, scrolling, or auto-updating text in a static window or area
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Providing a mechanism to allow users to display moving, scrolling, or auto-updating text in a static window or area

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR37.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR37.html
index 07a0cd8991..aa848e356b 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR37.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR37.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Creating Custom Dialogs
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Creating Custom Dialogs

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR38.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR38.html
index 808c8aa7c3..507c814dc4 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR38.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR38.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Creating a conforming alternate version for a web page designed with progressive enhancement
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Creating a conforming alternate version for a web page designed with progressive enhancement
ID: SCR38

diff --git a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR39.html b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR39.html
index fcc6c074e7..51ff7ebe4d 100644
--- a/techniques/client-side-script/SCR39.html
+++ b/techniques/client-side-script/SCR39.html
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ 
Content preview for links

 			key dismisses (closes) the additional content.

 		

 			
HTML of example 1

-
<p>This is the 
+
<p>This is the 
    <a class="a-and-tooltip" id="parent" href="index.html">trigger
    <span id="popup" role="tooltip">And this additional text 
     gives additional context on the trigger term
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ 
HTML of example 1

 		

 		

 			
CSS of example 1

-
[role="tooltip"] {
+
[role="tooltip"] {
   display: none;
   padding: 0.5em;
   background:white;
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ 
CSS of example 1

 		

 		

 			
JavaScript of example 1

-			
// trigger and popup inside the same link
+			
// trigger and popup inside the same link
 
 var parent = document.getElementById("parent");
 
diff --git a/techniques/css/C12.html b/techniques/css/C12.html
index 410feef482..4d89e6f558 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C12.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C12.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Using percent for font sizes
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Using percent for font sizes

diff --git a/techniques/css/C13.html b/techniques/css/C13.html
index 017e176101..f8cb5f5bcd 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C13.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C13.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Using named font sizes
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Using named font sizes

diff --git a/techniques/css/C14.html b/techniques/css/C14.html
index fae0bbbb9f..7bacf9845f 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C14.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C14.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Using em units for font sizes
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Using em units for font sizes

diff --git a/techniques/css/C15.html b/techniques/css/C15.html
index 2331ebb728..23101b3d81 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C15.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C15.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Using CSS to change the presentation of a user interface component when it receives focus
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Using CSS to change the presentation of a user interface component when it receives focus

diff --git a/techniques/css/C17.html b/techniques/css/C17.html
index fe16942dc9..3c63517fa9 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C17.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C17.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Scaling form elements which contain text
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Scaling form elements which contain text

diff --git a/techniques/css/C18.html b/techniques/css/C18.html
index 79f3ff6502..1bc0942429 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C18.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C18.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Using CSS margin and padding rules instead of spacer images for layout design
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Using CSS margin and padding rules instead of spacer images for layout design

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ 
The CSS

 
table { margin: .5em; border-collapse: collapse; } 
 td, th { padding: .4em; border: 1px solid #000; }

           
The HTML

-
<table>
+
<table>
   <caption>Books in the category 'Web development'</caption>
   <thead>
     <tr>
diff --git a/techniques/css/C19.html b/techniques/css/C19.html
index 2d9fa91116..cdab5f02df 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C19.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C19.html
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 
 
 	Specifying alignment either to the left or right in CSS
-	
+	
 
 
 	
Specifying alignment either to the left or right in CSS

diff --git a/techniques/css/C20.html b/techniques/css/C20.html
index 3b1dc22f8a..9110cf81c1 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C20.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C20.html
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 
 
 	Using relative measurements to set column widths so that lines can average 80 characters or less when the browser is resized
-	
+	
 
 
 	
Using relative measurements to set column widths so that lines can average 80 characters or less when the browser is resized

diff --git a/techniques/css/C21.html b/techniques/css/C21.html
index bc070e5da0..1cc7b81238 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C21.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C21.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Specifying line spacing in CSS
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Specifying line spacing in CSS

diff --git a/techniques/css/C22.html b/techniques/css/C22.html
index 5a668b53e9..b60db68daa 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C22.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C22.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Using CSS to control visual presentation of text
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Using CSS to control visual presentation of text

diff --git a/techniques/css/C23.html b/techniques/css/C23.html
index ba2e5f39ef..36267be254 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C23.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C23.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Specifying text and background colors of secondary content such as banners, features and navigation in CSS while not specifying text and background colors of the main content
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Specifying text and background colors of secondary content such as banners, features and navigation in CSS while not specifying text and background colors of the main content

diff --git a/techniques/css/C24.html b/techniques/css/C24.html
index f62b55afd1..86c09eb1ec 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C24.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C24.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Using percentage values in CSS for container sizes
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Using percentage values in CSS for container sizes

diff --git a/techniques/css/C25.html b/techniques/css/C25.html
index 00ece373f3..b2c1afd578 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C25.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C25.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 
 	Specifying borders and layout in CSS to delineate areas of a Web page while not specifying text and text-background colors
-	
+	
 
 
 	
Specifying borders and layout in CSS to delineate areas of a Web page while not specifying text and text-background colors

diff --git a/techniques/css/C27.html b/techniques/css/C27.html
index ba15b8405d..2f9dd211d7 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C27.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C27.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 
 	Making the DOM order match the visual order
-	
+	
 
 
 	
Making the DOM order match the visual order

diff --git a/techniques/css/C28.html b/techniques/css/C28.html
index 138aa71d32..674bfed612 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C28.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C28.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 
 	Specifying the size of text containers using em units
-	
+	
 
 
 	
Specifying the size of text containers using em units

diff --git a/techniques/css/C29.html b/techniques/css/C29.html
index fc5e48d675..501e141b81 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C29.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C29.html
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 
 
 Using a style switcher to provide a conforming alternate version
-	
+	
 
 
 	
Using a style switcher to provide a conforming alternate version

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ 
In main.css

 
 				

 					
In defaultColors.css

-
body, p { 
+
body, p { 
   color:#000000; 
   background-color:#FFFFFF; 
 }
@@ -128,14 +128,14 @@ 
In defaultColors.css

 
 					
In altColors1.css

 
-
body, h1, h2, h3, p, a { 
+
body, h1, h2, h3, p, a { 
   color:#000066; 
   background-color:#FFFFFF; 
 }

 				

 				

 					
In altColors2.css

-
body, h1, h2, h3, p, a { 
+
body, h1, h2, h3, p, a { 
   color:#FFFF33; 
   background-color:#000000; 
 }

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ 
In altColors2.css

 				

 
 					
In altColors3.css

-
body, h1, h2, h3, p, a { 
+
body, h1, h2, h3, p, a { 
   color:#000000; 
   background-color:#FFFF99; 
 }

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ 
In altColors3.css

 				

 
 
In altColors4.css

-
body, h1, h2, h3, p, a { 
+
body, h1, h2, h3, p, a { 
   color:#000000; 
   background-color:#FFFFFF; 
 }

@@ -289,11 +289,11 @@ 
At the beginning of the PHP page

 				

 
 					
In the <head> section

-
<link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="<?php echo($thestyle);?>.css">

+
<link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="<?php echo($thestyle);?>.css">

 				

 				

 					
In <body> section

-
<?php
+
<?php
   if ($thestyle == "style1") {
     echo "<a href=\"index.php?set=style1\">Switch to Style Sheet Two</a>";
   }
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ 
In style1.css

 				

 
 					
In style2.css

-
body, h1, h2, h3, p, a { color:#FFFF00; background-color:#000000; }

+
body, h1, h2, h3, p, a { color:#FFFF00; background-color:#000000; }

 				

 			

 		

diff --git a/techniques/css/C30.html b/techniques/css/C30.html
index 2be01691ac..cecb21ff36 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C30.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C30.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Using CSS to replace text with images of text and providing user interface controls to switch
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
Using CSS to replace text with images of text and providing user interface controls to switch

diff --git a/techniques/css/C31.html b/techniques/css/C31.html
index 994ea4fdef..b0a946ac8c 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C31.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C31.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
   
     Using CSS Flexbox to reflow content
-    
+    
   
   
     
Using CSS Flexbox to reflow content

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ 
Example 1: Medium complex flexbox layout in 
         
-

+

   <!DOCTYPE html>
   <html lang="en">
     <head>
diff --git a/techniques/css/C32.html b/techniques/css/C32.html
index ef89572caf..86974646b8 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C32.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C32.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
   
     Using media queries and grid CSS to reflow columns
-    
+    
   
   
     
Using media queries and grid CSS to reflow columns

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ 
Grid layout in HTML and CSS - Medium complexity

         
The following medium complexity example uses HTML and CSS to create a grid layout. The layout regions adjust their size as the viewport is adjusted. When the total viewport width matches the width defined via media queries, columns wrap to be positioned below, rather than beside each other or vice versa.

         
         
The zoom level can be increased to 400% without requiring scrolling in more than one direction. This particular example uses fr units as a fraction of the free space of the grid container for the grid items by using the "grid-template-columns" property and are laid out in source order.

-

+

   <!DOCTYPE html>
     <html lang="en">
       <head>
diff --git a/techniques/css/C33.html b/techniques/css/C33.html
index 9f0dfd0fdb..7d00fe2b71 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C33.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C33.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 
 Allowing for Reflow with Long URLs and Strings of Text
-
+
 
 
 
Allowing for Reflow with Long URLs and Strings of Text

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ 
Breaking long URLs

      
  • overflow-wrap: break-word: Allows words to be broken and wrapped within words. 
    • 
 	    
  • word-wrap: break-word: Allows words to be broken and wrapped within.
    • 
     
-
    a {
+
    a {
   overflow-wrap: break-word;
   word-wrap: break-word;
 }
    
diff --git a/techniques/css/C34.html b/techniques/css/C34.html
index 562077e557..a351287bbf 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C34.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C34.html
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
     
     
     Using media queries to un-fix sticky headers / footers
-    
+    
   
   
     
    Using media queries to un-fixing sticky headers / footers
    
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ 
    Examples
    
       
    
         
    Un-fix sticky headers / footers in HTML and CSS
    
         
    The following example uses HTML and CSS to un-fix sticky headers / footers. The sticky regions get un-fixed as the height of the viewport is limited or the orientation is changed. When the min-height property matches the viewport space defined via media queries, regions which are not sticky get fixed or vice versa. This particular example uses the CSS min-height, max-height and min-width media query properties.
    
-
    
+
    
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
   <head>
diff --git a/techniques/css/C35.html b/techniques/css/C35.html
index 98e64c3dc5..fe7bceca7c 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C35.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C35.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
    
       Allowing for text-spacing without wrapping
-      
+      
    
 
       
    Allowing for text spacing without wrapping
    
diff --git a/techniques/css/C36.html b/techniques/css/C36.html
index dc6bb4b833..8c252b86ba 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C36.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C36.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
    
       Allowing for text spacing override
-      
+      
    
 
       
    Allowing for text spacing override
    
diff --git a/techniques/css/C37.html b/techniques/css/C37.html
index 3d17feb332..ee7c70f985 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C37.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C37.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
   
     Using CSS max-width and height to fit images
-    
+    
   
   
     
    Using CSS max-width and height to fit images
    
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ 
    Fitting images in HTML and CSS
    
         
    The following simple example uses HTML and CSS to create a fitting image. The layout regions adjust their size as the viewport is adjusted. The images subsequently adjust their size to fit within the layout region containers.
    
         
    The zoom level can be increased to 400% without requiring scrolling in more than one direction. This particular example uses a percent size for the max-width and auto size for the height of the image to remain the original dimensions.
    
 
-
    <style>
+
    <style>
 .img-responsive {
   max-width: 100%;
 }
diff --git a/techniques/css/C38.html b/techniques/css/C38.html
index d46586d867..f8f903057b 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C38.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C38.html
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ 
    Fitting labels, inputs and flexbox layout with HTML and CSS.
    
         
    The following example uses HTML and CSS to fit labels and inputs within various width containers, including the viewport. The layout regions adjust their size as the viewport is adjusted. The labels and inputs subsequently adjust their size to fit within the layout region containers.
    
         
    The zoom level can be increased to 400% without requiring horizontal scrolling. This particular example uses a percent size for the width and max-width for the labels and inputs. The max-width is applied in order to fix elements spilling out of the grid in a cross-browser way, as replaced elements such as the select have intrinsic sizing.
    
 
-
    <style>
+
    <style>
 
 /* Fitting Inputs Styling */
 
diff --git a/techniques/css/C39.html b/techniques/css/C39.html
index 872b31459b..f036d2414a 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C39.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C39.html
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ 
    Examples
    
   
    
     
    'prefers-reduced-motion' CSS Media Query
    
     
    Users can indicate their motion preference for interfaces in their system and the 'prefers-reduced-motion' CSS Media Query will respect that choice. CSS can then be applied to disable that motion for users that request it.
    
-
    @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
+
    @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
   /* CSS to disable motion goes here */
 }
    
     
    
diff --git a/techniques/css/C40.html b/techniques/css/C40.html
index e48d0529b6..86132e014d 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C40.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C40.html
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ 
    Examples
    
 			
    
 				
    A thick two-color indicator
    
 				
    In this example, the indicator consists of two solid bands of color. Because each color band is 2 CSS pixels thick, either color band is large enough to meet the minimum indicator size requirement on its own. As long as one of the two colors has 3:1 change contrast with the pixels behind and around the focus indicator, the indicator will satisfy both the Focus Appearance and Non-Text Contrast success criteria.
    
-				
    *:focus {
+				
    *:focus {
 	/* inner indicator */
 	outline: 2px #F9F9F9 solid;
 	outline-offset: 0;
diff --git a/techniques/css/C41.html b/techniques/css/C41.html
index 3f1a6f8433..6db4f1db5e 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C41.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C41.html
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ 
    Examples
    
 				
    Inner border
    
 				
    
 					
    HTML
    
-
    <button type="button">Example button</button>
    
+
    <button type="button">Example button</button>
    
 				
    
 				
    
 					
    CSS
                    
 					
    CSS to provide the indicator. It narrows the scope to buttons within the main element.
    
-
    button { 
+
    button { 
   background-color: #236AB8; /* medium-dark blue */
   color: white;
   padding: 10px;
diff --git a/techniques/css/C42.html b/techniques/css/C42.html
index 9a63b8f05a..668d12f935 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C42.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C42.html
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ 
    Using a display value of inline-block, 
 					
    The HTML
    
-
    <nav aria-label="pagination">
+
    <nav aria-label="pagination">
   <ol class="pagination-1">
     <li><a class="previous">previous</a></li>
     <li><a aria-current="page">1</li>
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ 
    The HTML
    
   </ol>
 </nav>
    
 
    The CSS
    
-
    .pagination-1 li {
+
    .pagination-1 li {
   display: inline-block; 
   min-height: 44px;
   min-width: 44px;
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ 
    Using a display value of 
 					
    The HTML
    
-
    <nav aria-label="pagination">
+
    <nav aria-label="pagination">
   <ol class="pagination-2">
     <li><a class="previous">previous</a></li>
     <li><a aria-current="page">1</li>
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ 
    The HTML
    
 
 				
    
 					
    The CSS
    
-
    .pagination-2 {
+
    .pagination-2 {
   display: flex;
   flex-wrap: wrap;
 }
diff --git a/techniques/css/C43.html b/techniques/css/C43.html
index 28d9544813..398cf53059 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C43.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C43.html
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ 
    Using CSS scroll-padding to un-obscure con
           
    This example demonstrates a technique to un-obscure content underneath a fixed-position banner. To prevent the page becoming unusable at smaller screen sizes, the banner becomes un-fixed. To observe the scroll-padding effect you will need to use a viewport over 800px wide.
    
         
 				
    Working example: Using CSS scroll-padding to un-obscure content.
    
-
    <!doctype html>
+
    <!doctype html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
   <meta charset="utf-8">
diff --git a/techniques/css/C6.html b/techniques/css/C6.html
index c96885b081..b7aa4cdb64 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C6.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C6.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Positioning content based on structural markup
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
    Positioning content based on structural markup
    
diff --git a/techniques/css/C7.html b/techniques/css/C7.html
index a21e87c8fc..11dcd1f081 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C7.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C7.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 
    Using CSS to hide a portion of the link text 
-   
+   
 
 
 	
    Using CSS to hide a portion of the link text
    
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ 
    Description
    
    
    
 		
    Examples
    
 		
    The following examples use the CSS selector and rule set below:
    
-
    .visually-hidden {
+
    .visually-hidden {
   clip-path: inset(100%);
   clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
   height: 1px;
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ 
    Examples
    
 				
    A news site with "full story" links
    
 				
    This example describes a news site that has a series of short synopsis of stories followed by a link that says "full story". Hidden link text describes the purpose of the link.
    
          
-
    
+
    
 <p>Washington has announced plans to stimulate economic growth.
   <a href="/washington-growth/"><span class="visually-hidden">Washington stimulates
    economic growth </span>Full Story</a>
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ 
    A news site with "full story" links
    
          
    A list of books in different formats
    
          
    This example describes a resource that has electronic books in different formats. The title of each book is followed by links that say "HTML" and "PDF." Visually-hidden text describes the purpose of each link.
    
          
-
    <dl>
+
    <dl>
   <dt>Winnie the Pooh</dt>
   <dd><a href="winnie-the-pooh.html">
     <span class="visually-hidden">Winnie the Pooh </span>HTML</a></dd>
diff --git a/techniques/css/C8.html b/techniques/css/C8.html
index d32258708b..5df08c69b6 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C8.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C8.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	
 		Using CSS letter-spacing to control spacing within a word
-		
+		
 	
 	
 		
    Using CSS letter-spacing to control spacing within a word
    
diff --git a/techniques/css/C9.html b/techniques/css/C9.html
index 040f3ceb5f..1d64e1c114 100644
--- a/techniques/css/C9.html
+++ b/techniques/css/C9.html
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 
 
 	Using CSS to include decorative images
-	
+	
 
 
 	
    Using CSS to include decorative images
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F1.html b/techniques/failures/F1.html
index 9d94dc9292..4e9b9256c2 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F1.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F1.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.2 due to changing the meaning of content by
-                    positioning information with CSS
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.2 due to changing the meaning of content by
+                    positioning information with CSS
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.2 due to changing the meaning of content by
                     positioning information with CSS
    ID: F1
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    All technologies that support CSS.
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F10.html b/techniques/failures/F10.html
index 1615bece30..2c71ba03a4 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F10.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F10.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 2.1.2 and Conformance Requirement 5 due to combining multiple content formats in a way
-                    that traps users inside one format type
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.1.2 and Conformance Requirement 5 due to combining multiple content formats in a way
+                    that traps users inside one format type
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.1.2 and Conformance Requirement 5 due to combining multiple content formats in a way
                     that traps users inside one format type
    ID: F10
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    Applies when content creates a situation where the user can enter the content
                         using the keyboard, but cannot exit the content using the keyboard.
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F100.html b/techniques/failures/F100.html
index d9afe29eb9..caaa8549b9 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F100.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F100.html
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ 
    Block an orientation ("door slam") by using HTML and CSS
    
 
         When the portrait property matches the viewport space defined via media queries, the message will disappear or vice versa. This particular example uses the CSS landscape, portrait media query properties.
    
 
-
    <style>
+
    <style>
 /* Orientation "door slam" Styling */
 
 @media all and (orientation: landscape) {
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ 
    Block an orientation ("door slam") by using HTML and CSS
    
 }
 </style>
    
 
-
    
+
    
 <!-- Orientation "door slam" HTML -->
 
 <div class="rotate">Please rotate your device!</div>
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F101.html b/techniques/failures/F101.html
index 9dad8a0aed..eb411eba80 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F101.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F101.html
@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ 
    Examples
    
       		
    
 				
    A close button that triggers on down-events
    
 				
    A modal dialog contains a lengthy form that a user needs to complete. The modal provides a simple "Close" control that closes the dialog and loses all information the user may already have entered in the form. However, instead of simply listening to the click event - which in most user agents is triggered on the up-event - the author decided to close the dialog on the down-event. This may lead to the user accidentally closing the dialog and losing all the data they entered into the form up to that point.
    
-
    <!-- modal dialog with a form -->
+
    <!-- modal dialog with a form -->
 ...
 <button id="close" type="button">Close</button>
 ...
    
 
-
    const trigger = document.getElementById("close");
+
    const trigger = document.getElementById("close");
 
 function closeDialog() {
   /* close the modal dialog */
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F104.html b/techniques/failures/F104.html
index a17602fa9d..8d15f33157 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F104.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F104.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ 
    Examples
    
 				
    Text inside a box overflows and overlaps text below it when text spacing is implemented.
    
 				
    The code below is what is implemented in the DOM before the user implements any CSS test spacing overrides. The text renders correctly in the box and doesn't interfere with the next paragraph.
    
 
-
    <div style="font-size:100%; width:130px; height:125px; border: thin solid gray;">
+
    <div style="font-size:100%; width:130px; height:125px; border: thin solid gray;">
   <p style="margin:0;">Now is the time for all good men to come to 
    the aid of their country.</p>
 </div>
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ 
    Text inside a box overflows and overlaps text below it when text spacing is
 			
    
 				
    Text inside a box is clipped when text spacing is implemented.
    
 				
    The code below is what is implemented in the DOM before the user implements any CSS test spacing overrides. The text renders correctly in the box and doesn't interfere with the next paragraph.
    
-
    <div style="font-size:100%; width:130px;
+
    <div style="font-size:100%; width:130px;
  height:95px; overflow:hidden; border:thin solid gray;">
   <p>Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.</p>
 </div>
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F107.html b/techniques/failures/F107.html
index 8ae2478905..130b42b19d 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F107.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F107.html
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ 
    Examples
    
 				
    Incorrect attribute
    
 				
    An online form used to collect the user's name and birthday which uses incorrect autocomplete attributes. The correct attribute value for the first control is name, and for the second control the made-up attribute value birthday was used instead of bday.
    
         
-
    <h2>Your details:</h2>
+
    <h2>Your details:</h2>
 <label for="uname">Name:</label>
 <input autocomplete="email" id="uname" type="text"> 
 <label for="ubirthday">Birthday:</label>
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F12.html b/techniques/failures/F12.html
index 1b302a45bc..976e5a7586 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F12.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F12.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.5 due to having a session time limit without a mechanism
                     for saving user's input and re-establishing that information upon
-                    re-authentication
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.5 due to having a session time limit without a mechanism
+                    re-authentication
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.5 due to having a session time limit without a mechanism
                     for saving user's input and re-establishing that information upon
                     re-authentication
    ID: F12
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    Sites that require user login to submit input and that terminate the session
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F13.html b/techniques/failures/F13.html
index 7df6583276..d00545e73f 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F13.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F13.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 and 1.4.1 due to having a text alternative that does not
-                    include information that is conveyed by color differences in the image
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 and 1.4.1 due to having a text alternative that does not
+                    include information that is conveyed by color differences in the image
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 and 1.4.1 due to having a text alternative that does not
                     include information that is conveyed by color differences in the image
    ID: F13
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    All technologies.
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F14.html b/techniques/failures/F14.html
index 7bafecff56..5697a35fa7 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F14.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F14.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.3 due to identifying content only by its shape or
-                    location
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.3 due to identifying content only by its shape or
+                    location
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.3 due to identifying content only by its shape or
                     location
    ID: F14
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    All technologies.
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F15.html b/techniques/failures/F15.html
index eac9c8c29f..d72060705f 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F15.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F15.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Failure of Success Criterion 4.1.2 due to implementing custom controls that do not use an accessibility API for the technology, or do so incompletely
    Failure of Success Criterion 4.1.2 due to implementing custom controls that do not use an accessibility API for the technology, or do so incompletely
    ID: F15
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
+Failure of Success Criterion 4.1.2 due to implementing custom controls that do not use an accessibility API for the technology, or do so incompletely
    Failure of Success Criterion 4.1.2 due to implementing custom controls that do not use an accessibility API for the technology, or do so incompletely
    ID: F15
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
     Applies to all technologies that support an accessibility API. 
    
    
    Description
    
       
     When standard controls from accessible technologies are used, they usually are programmed in a way that uses and supports the accessibility API. If custom controls are created, however, then it is up to the programmer to be sure that the newly created control supports the accessibility API. If this is not done, then assistive technologies will not be able to understand what the control is or how to operate it or may not even know of its existence.
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F16.html b/techniques/failures/F16.html
index 3a151a3534..1cd1069aea 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F16.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F16.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to including scrolling content where movement is not essential to the activity without also including a mechanism to pause and restart the content
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to including scrolling content where movement is not essential to the activity without also including a mechanism to pause and restart the content
    ID: F16
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
+Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to including scrolling content where movement is not essential to the activity without also including a mechanism to pause and restart the content
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to including scrolling content where movement is not essential to the activity without also including a mechanism to pause and restart the content
    ID: F16
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    All technologies that support visual movement or scrolling.
    
    
    Description
    
       
    In this failure technique, there is moving or scrolling content that cannot
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F19.html b/techniques/failures/F19.html
index cf796f5ec1..90faa77e7c 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F19.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F19.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Failure of Conformance Requirement 1 due to not providing a method for the user to find the alternative conforming version of a non-conforming Web page
    Failure of Conformance Requirement 1 due to not providing a method for the user to find the alternative conforming version of a non-conforming Web page
    ID: F19
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
+Failure of Conformance Requirement 1 due to not providing a method for the user to find the alternative conforming version of a non-conforming Web page
    Failure of Conformance Requirement 1 due to not providing a method for the user to find the alternative conforming version of a non-conforming Web page
    ID: F19
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
     Sites that provide alternative, WCAG-conforming versions of nonconforming
                         primary content.
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F2.html b/techniques/failures/F2.html
index 493476fe0a..12e7c6b940 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F2.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F2.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using changes in text presentation to convey information without using the appropriate markup or text
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using changes in text presentation to convey information without using the appropriate markup or text
    ID: F2
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
+Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using changes in text presentation to convey information without using the appropriate markup or text
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using changes in text presentation to convey information without using the appropriate markup or text
    ID: F2
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    All technologies that support images or presentation markup.
    
    
    Description
    
       
    This document describes a failure that occurs when a change in the appearance of text conveys meaning without using appropriate semantic markup. This failure also applies to images of text that are not enclosed in the appropriate semantic markup.
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F20.html b/techniques/failures/F20.html
index 5d9ec590c4..e2898026ac 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F20.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F20.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 and 4.1.2 due to not updating text alternatives when
-                    changes to non-text content occur
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 and 4.1.2 due to not updating text alternatives when
+                    changes to non-text content occur
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 and 4.1.2 due to not updating text alternatives when
                     changes to non-text content occur
    ID: F20
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
     Applies to all technologies. 
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F22.html b/techniques/failures/F22.html
index e8f2d54038..e84f7bc49d 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F22.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F22.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.5 due to opening windows that are not requested by the
-                    user
    Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.5 due to opening windows that are not requested by the
+                    user
    Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.5 due to opening windows that are not requested by the
                     user
    ID: F22
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    General 
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F23.html b/techniques/failures/F23.html
index d23a562c31..3e3edd1493 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F23.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F23.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of  1.4.2 due to playing a sound longer than 3 seconds where
-                    there is no mechanism to turn it off
    Failure of  1.4.2 due to playing a sound longer than 3 seconds where
+                    there is no mechanism to turn it off
    Failure of  1.4.2 due to playing a sound longer than 3 seconds where
                     there is no mechanism to turn it off
    ID: F23
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
     Applies to all technologies except those for voice interaction. 
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F24.html b/techniques/failures/F24.html
index 8d31700ff2..9fce60bc1f 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F24.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F24.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 1.4.3, 1.4.6 and 1.4.8 due to specifying foreground colors without
-      specifying background colors or vice versa
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.4.3, 1.4.6 and 1.4.8 due to specifying foreground colors without
+      specifying background colors or vice versa
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.4.3, 1.4.6 and 1.4.8 due to specifying foreground colors without
       specifying background colors or vice versa
    ID: F24
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
     All technologies that allow user agents to control foreground and background
          colors through personal stylesheets or other means. 
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F25.html b/techniques/failures/F25.html
index de9d049218..6684165503 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F25.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F25.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.2 due to the title of a Web page not identifying the
-                    contents
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.2 due to the title of a Web page not identifying the
+                    contents
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.2 due to the title of a Web page not identifying the
                     contents
    ID: F25
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    All technologies.
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F26.html b/techniques/failures/F26.html
index 0b440cf66d..25ff67d03a 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F26.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F26.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-          Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.3 due to using a graphical symbol alone to convey information
    
+          Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.3 due to using a graphical symbol alone to convey information
    
           Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.3 due to using a graphical symbol alone to convey information
    ID: F26
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    All technologies.
    
    
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F3.html b/techniques/failures/F3.html
index 7cc1ac811f..87962c0b42 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F3.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F3.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to using CSS to include images that convey
-                    important information
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to using CSS to include images that convey
+                    important information
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to using CSS to include images that convey
                     important information
    ID: F3
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
     All technologies that support CSS. 
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F30.html b/techniques/failures/F30.html
index 08e15123f5..55536c5e30 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F30.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F30.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 and 1.2.1 due to using text alternatives that are not
-                    alternatives (e.g., filenames or placeholder text)
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 and 1.2.1 due to using text alternatives that are not
+                    alternatives (e.g., filenames or placeholder text)
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 and 1.2.1 due to using text alternatives that are not
                     alternatives (e.g., filenames or placeholder text)
    ID: F30
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
     Applies to all technologies. 
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F31.html b/techniques/failures/F31.html
index e4149940b3..90bac4e1c6 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F31.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F31.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.4 due to using two different labels for the same function on different Web pages within a set of Web pages 
    Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.4 due to using two different labels for the same function on different Web pages within a set of Web pages 
    ID: F31
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
+Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.4 due to using two different labels for the same function on different Web pages within a set of Web pages 
    Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.4 due to using two different labels for the same function on different Web pages within a set of Web pages 
    ID: F31
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
     Applies to all technologies. 
    
    
    Description
    
       
     Components that have the same function in different Web pages are more
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F32.html b/techniques/failures/F32.html
index c0c25b3464..6b835ba23e 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F32.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F32.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.2 due to using white space characters to control
-                    spacing within a word
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.2 due to using white space characters to control
+                    spacing within a word
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.2 due to using white space characters to control
                     spacing within a word
    ID: F32
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    All technologies.
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F33.html b/techniques/failures/F33.html
index 2795e3c19d..5cd2106f4d 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F33.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F33.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 and 1.3.2 due to using white space characters to
-                    create multiple columns in plain text content
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 and 1.3.2 due to using white space characters to
+                    create multiple columns in plain text content
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 and 1.3.2 due to using white space characters to
                     create multiple columns in plain text content
    ID: F33
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    All technologies.
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F34.html b/techniques/failures/F34.html
index 155d270f48..c6f273e8b9 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F34.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F34.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 and 1.3.2 due to using white space characters to
-                    format tables in plain text content
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 and 1.3.2 due to using white space characters to
+                    format tables in plain text content
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 and 1.3.2 due to using white space characters to
                     format tables in plain text content
    ID: F34
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    All technologies.
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F36.html b/techniques/failures/F36.html
index c12222ac96..b2114491a3 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F36.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F36.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.2 due to automatically submitting a form and
                     presenting new content without prior warning when the last field in the form is
-                    given a value
    Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.2 due to automatically submitting a form and
+                    given a value
    Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.2 due to automatically submitting a form and
                     presenting new content without prior warning when the last field in the form is
                     given a value
    ID: F36
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    HTML and XHTML
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F37.html b/techniques/failures/F37.html
index 1f40363aa8..1f81b8aa19 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F37.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F37.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.2 due to launching a new window without prior warning
-                    when the selection of a radio button, check box or select list is changed
    Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.2 due to launching a new window without prior warning
+                    when the selection of a radio button, check box or select list is changed
    Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.2 due to launching a new window without prior warning
                     when the selection of a radio button, check box or select list is changed
    ID: F37
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    HTML and XHTML
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F38.html b/techniques/failures/F38.html
index d3121bad25..e7532405d7 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F38.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F38.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to not marking up decorative images in HTML in a way that allows assistive technology to ignore them
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to not marking up decorative images in HTML in a way that allows assistive technology to ignore them
    ID: F38
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
+Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to not marking up decorative images in HTML in a way that allows assistive technology to ignore them
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to not marking up decorative images in HTML in a way that allows assistive technology to ignore them
    ID: F38
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    HTML and XHTML
    
    
    Description
    
       
     This describes a failure condition for text alternatives for images that
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F39.html b/techniques/failures/F39.html
index 038c860ca0..24bef5bb88 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F39.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F39.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to providing a text alternative that is not null (e.g., alt="spacer" or alt="image") for images that should be ignored by assistive technology
-   
+   
 
 
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.1.1 due to providing a text alternative that is not null (e.g., alt="spacer" or alt="image") for images that should be ignored by assistive technology
    ID: F39
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
     Applies to HTML and XHTML.
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F4.html b/techniques/failures/F4.html
index 40780436d8..a9c5e9d6a3 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F4.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F4.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to using text-decoration:blink without a
-                    mechanism to stop it in less than five seconds
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to using text-decoration:blink without a
+                    mechanism to stop it in less than five seconds
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to using text-decoration:blink without a
                     mechanism to stop it in less than five seconds
    ID: F4
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    Cascading Style Sheets.
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F40.html b/techniques/failures/F40.html
index 54a61fca0b..af1ba52b81 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F40.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F40.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure due to using meta redirect with a time limit
-        
    Failure due to using meta redirect with a time limit
+        
    Failure due to using meta redirect with a time limit
         
    ID: F40
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
     All pages
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F41.html b/techniques/failures/F41.html
index ac8f21e0e2..46e8afc5a5 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F41.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F41.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.1, 2.2.4, and 3.2.5 due to using meta refresh to reload the page
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.1, 2.2.4, and 3.2.5 due to using meta refresh to reload the page
    ID: F41
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
+Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.1, 2.2.4, and 3.2.5 due to using meta refresh to reload the page
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.1, 2.2.4, and 3.2.5 due to using meta refresh to reload the page
    ID: F41
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    HTML and XHTML
    
    
    Description
    
       
     
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F42.html b/techniques/failures/F42.html
index 38ada7ca82..c8acb10cf9 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F42.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F42.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Failure of Success Criteria 1.3.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.3, or 4.1.2 when emulating links
    Failure of Success Criteria 1.3.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.3, or 4.1.2 when emulating links
    ID: F42
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
+Failure of Success Criteria 1.3.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.3, or 4.1.2 when emulating links
    Failure of Success Criteria 1.3.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.3, or 4.1.2 when emulating links
    ID: F42
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    HTML and XHTML
    
    
    Description
    
       
    This failure occurs when JavaScript event handlers are attached to elements
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F43.html b/techniques/failures/F43.html
index 3065159169..1db9ecabe6 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F43.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F43.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using structural markup in a way that does
-                    not represent relationships in the content
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using structural markup in a way that does
+                    not represent relationships in the content
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using structural markup in a way that does
                     not represent relationships in the content
    ID: F43
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    HTML and XHTML
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F44.html b/techniques/failures/F44.html
index a33f1d36c0..6e3cff4e32 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F44.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F44.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.3 due to using tabindex to create a tab order that
-        	does not preserve meaning and operability
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.3 due to using tabindex to create a tab order that
+        	does not preserve meaning and operability
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.3 due to using tabindex to create a tab order that
         	does not preserve meaning and operability
    ID: F44
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    HTML and XHTML
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F46.html b/techniques/failures/F46.html
index 02bc9a7dc0..344a4dd9ba 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F46.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F46.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using th elements,
                     caption elements, or non-empty summary attributes in
-                    layout tables
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using th elements,
+                    layout tables
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using th elements,
                     caption elements, or non-empty summary attributes in
                     layout tables
    ID: F46
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    HTML and XHTML
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F47.html b/techniques/failures/F47.html
index 4dd3bb335f..53db7139e7 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F47.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F47.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to using the blink element
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to using the blink element
    ID: F47
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
+Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to using the blink element
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to using the blink element
    ID: F47
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    HTML and XHTML
    
    
    Description
    
       
    The blink element, while not part of the official HTML or XHTML
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F48.html b/techniques/failures/F48.html
index d57758719d..59540a1081 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F48.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F48.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using the pre element to markup
-                    tabular information
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using the pre element to markup
+                    tabular information
    Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using the pre element to markup
                     tabular information
    ID: F48
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    HTML and XHTML
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F49.html b/techniques/failures/F49.html
index c626f83cd0..11c9193512 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F49.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F49.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-          Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.2 due to using an HTML layout table that does not make sense when linearized  
    
+          Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.2 due to using an HTML layout table that does not make sense when linearized  
    
           Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.2 due to using an HTML layout table that does not make sense when linearized  
    ID: F49
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    HTML and XHTML
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F50.html b/techniques/failures/F50.html
index c1af5c094a..c39afb8661 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F50.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F50.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to a script that causes a blink effect without a
-                    mechanism to stop the blinking at 5 seconds or less
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to a script that causes a blink effect without a
+                    mechanism to stop the blinking at 5 seconds or less
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.2 due to a script that causes a blink effect without a
                     mechanism to stop the blinking at 5 seconds or less
    ID: F50
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    Technologies that support script-controlled blinking of content.
    
    
    Description
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F52.html b/techniques/failures/F52.html
index 8522467164..90952cde11 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F52.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F52.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.1 and 3.2.5 due to opening a new window as soon as a new page is loaded
    Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.1 and 3.2.5 due to opening a new window as soon as a new page is loaded
    ID: F52
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
+Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.1 and 3.2.5 due to opening a new window as soon as a new page is loaded
    Failure of Success Criterion 3.2.1 and 3.2.5 due to opening a new window as soon as a new page is loaded
    ID: F52
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    Applies when scripting is used to open new windows. 
    
    
    Description
    
       
     Some Web sites open a new window when a page is loaded, to advertise a
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F54.html b/techniques/failures/F54.html
index 1a6df69935..8cc4fb2f64 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F54.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F54.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 2.1.1 due to using only pointing-device-specific event
-                    handlers (including gesture) for a function
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.1.1 due to using only pointing-device-specific event
+                    handlers (including gesture) for a function
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.1.1 due to using only pointing-device-specific event
                     handlers (including gesture) for a function
    ID: F54
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    Technologies that have event handlers specific to pointing devices.
    
       
    User Agent and Assistive Technology Support Notes
    
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ 
    An image that responds to a mouse click to go to another page
    
          
          
    This is a failure because the keyboard cannot be used to move to the next page.
    
 
-
    <p><img onmousedown="nextPage();" src="nextarrow.gif" alt="Go to next page"></p>
     
+
    <p><img onmousedown="nextPage();" src="nextarrow.gif" alt="Go to next page"></p>
     
 
          
       
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F55.html b/techniques/failures/F55.html
index 3e04bc7952..297ce32aa4 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F55.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F55.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-          Failure of Success Criteria 2.1.1, 2.4.7, and 3.2.1 due to using script to remove focus when focus is received
    
+          Failure of Success Criteria 2.1.1, 2.4.7, and 3.2.1 due to using script to remove focus when focus is received
    
           Failure of Success Criteria 2.1.1, 2.4.7, and 3.2.1 due to using script to remove focus when focus is received
    ID: F55
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use
    
       
    Applies to all content that supports script.
    
       
     User Agent and Assistive Technology Support Notes
    
diff --git a/techniques/failures/F58.html b/techniques/failures/F58.html
index 11d29d9695..94241d2487 100644
--- a/techniques/failures/F58.html
+++ b/techniques/failures/F58.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.1 due to using server-side techniques to automatically
-                    redirect pages after a time-out
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.1 due to using server-side techniques to automatically
+                    redirect pages after a time-out
    Failure of Success Criterion 2.2.1 due to using server-side techniques to automatically
                     redirect pages after a time-out
    ID: F58
    Technology: failures
    Type: Failure
    When to Use