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+Labeling and Describing
+
+## Labels
+
+A label is used as the accessible name for an element.
+
+For elements with certain roles, the label is taken from the element’s contents by default. This can be overridden with a label from the author by using the aria-labelledby or aria-label attributes. If the label from the element’s contents is appropriate, then it should not be overridden with those attributes.
+
+In the following example, a link (with default role "link") gets its label from the element’s contents.
+
+```
+<a href="/">Home</a>
+```
+
+
+The following roles get the label from the contents by default:
+
+* button
+
+* cell
+
+* checkbox
+
+* columnheader
+
+* gridcell
+
+* heading
+
+* link
+
+* menuitem
+
+* menuitemcheckbox
+
+* menuitemradio
+
+* option
+
+* radio
+
+* row
+
+* rowgroup
+
+* rowheader
+
+* sectionhead
+
+* switch
+
+* tab
+
+* tooltip
+
+* treeitem
+
+If the element’s contents is not appropriate as a label, but there is an element that can be used as the label, then authors should use the aria-labelledby attribute.
+
+In the following example, an element with the "switch" role is labelled by a previous sibling element.
+
+```
+<span id="night-mode-label">Night mode</span>
+<span role="switch" aria-checked="false" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="night-mode-label"></span>
+```
+
+
+In some cases the combination of the element’s contents and another element would be appropriate as a label. In such situations, the aria-labelledby should be used and reference both the element itself and the other element.
+
+In the following example, a "read more" link is labelled by the element itself and the article’s heading, resulting in “Read more… 7 ways you can help save the bees”.
+
+```
+<h2 id="bees-heading">7 ways you can help save the bees</h2>
+<p>Bees are disappearing rapidly.
+Here are seven things you can do to help.</p>
+<p><a id="bees-read-more aria-labelledby="bees-read-more bees-heading"">Read more...</a></p>
+```
+
+
+If there is no visible label that is appropriate, authors should use the aria-label attribute to set the label for the element.
+
+In the following example, a close button contains an "X" and is given the label “Close” using the aria-label attribute.
+
+```
+<button type="button" aria-label="Close">X</button>
+```
+
+
+### Accessible name calculation
+
+aria-label vs aria-labelledby
+
+aria-placeholder, placeholder, title
+
+## Descriptions
+
+aria-describedby
+
+aria-details
+
+aria-roledescription
+
+### Accessible description calculation
+
+aria-describedby, aria-details, aria-placeholder?, placeholder, title