diff --git a/src/parser/parser.yy b/src/parser/parser.yy
index 1525ce806c8..5abb2a1e95f 100644
--- a/src/parser/parser.yy
+++ b/src/parser/parser.yy
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// Bison options
 %language "C++"
 %skeleton "glr.cc"
 %glr-parser
@@ -5,6 +6,7 @@
 %locations
 %define api.namespace { nebula }
 %define api.parser.class { GraphParser }
+// Parameters of scanner and parser
 %lex-param { nebula::GraphScanner& scanner }
 %parse-param { nebula::GraphScanner& scanner }
 %parse-param { std::string &errmsg }
@@ -57,6 +59,7 @@ using namespace nebula;
                       const nebula::GraphParser::location_type& loc);
 }
 
+// Define types of semantic values
 %union {
     bool                                    boolval;
     int64_t                                 intval;
@@ -407,6 +410,18 @@ using namespace nebula;
 %type <boolval> opt_with_properties
 %type <boolval> opt_ignore_existed_index
 
+// Define precedence and associativity of tokens.
+// Associativity:
+// The associativity of an operator op determines how repeated uses of the operator nest:
+// whether ‘x op y op z’ is parsed by grouping x with y first or by grouping y with z first.
+// %left specifies left-associativity (grouping x with y first) and %right specifies right-associativity (grouping y with z first).
+// %nonassoc specifies no associativity, which means that ‘x op y op z’ is considered a syntax error.
+//
+// Precedence:
+// The precedence of an operator determines how it nests with other operators.
+// All the tokens declared in a single precedence declaration have equal precedence and nest together according to their associativity.
+// When two tokens declared in different precedence declarations associate, the one declared later has the higher precedence and is grouped first.
+
 %left QM COLON
 %left KW_OR KW_XOR
 %left KW_AND
diff --git a/src/parser/scanner.lex b/src/parser/scanner.lex
index d4c8e7ac627..ecdeb88b19a 100644
--- a/src/parser/scanner.lex
+++ b/src/parser/scanner.lex
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+/* Flex definitions section */
+/* Flex options */
 %option c++
 %option yyclass="GraphScanner"
 %option nodefault noyywrap
@@ -11,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "GraphParser.hpp"
 #include "graph/service/GraphFlags.h"
 
+/* YY_USER_ACTION is called to advance location after each time a pattern is matched. */
 #define YY_USER_ACTION                  \
     yylloc->step();                     \
     yylloc->columns(yyleng);
@@ -19,6 +22,14 @@ static constexpr size_t MAX_STRING = 4096;
 
 %}
 
+/* Define some exclusive states.
+ * Each state is referenced within a `<>` in the rules section
+ * <DQ_STR> double quoted string literal
+ * <SQ_STR> single quoted string literal
+ * <LB_STR> accent quoted label, eg. `v2`
+ * <COMMENT> comment
+ */
+
 %x DQ_STR
 %x SQ_STR
 %x LB_STR
@@ -60,6 +71,15 @@ LABEL_FULL_WIDTH            {CN_EN_FULL_WIDTH}{CN_EN_NUM_FULL_WIDTH}*
 
 %%
 
+ /* Flex rules section */
+ /* How Does the input is matched?
+  * When the generated scanner is run, it analyzes its input looking for strings which match any of its patterns.
+  * 1. If it finds more than one match, it takes the one matching the most text.
+  * 2. If it finds two or more matches of the same length, the rule listed first in the flex input file is chosen.
+  * Once the match is determined, the text corresponding to the match is made available in the global character pointer yytext, and its length in the global integer yyleng.
+  * The action corresponding to the matched pattern is then executed, and then the remaining input is scanned for another match.
+  * The last rule `.` could match any single character except `\n`.
+  */
  /* Reserved keyword */
 "GO"                        { return TokenType::KW_GO; }
 "AS"                        { return TokenType::KW_AS; }
@@ -538,3 +558,4 @@ LABEL_FULL_WIDTH            {CN_EN_FULL_WIDTH}{CN_EN_NUM_FULL_WIDTH}*
                             }
 
 %%
+/* Flex user code section */