diff --git a/docs/airspace/cta.md b/docs/airspace/cta.md index e4bae30..fb1149f 100644 --- a/docs/airspace/cta.md +++ b/docs/airspace/cta.md @@ -4,3 +4,26 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" +## Airways Clearances +- Requirement to obtain a clearance prior to entering CTA +- Airways clearance to enter CTA when already airborne +- Airways clearance when departing from CTA aerodrome + +## Controlled Aerodromes +- Class C +- Class D +- Class D Metro + +## Pilot Tracking/Level Requests +- Amended levels +- Weather (and other) deviations +- Tracking for different waypoints +- Requests for airwork or to operate in a certain area + +## Separation Standards +- Different classes of airspace and what separation services are provided by ATC (e.g. class C - IFR sep from all, VFR sep from IFR, VFR traffic info on VFR) +- Visual separation (by pilot) + +## Class E Airspace +- Requirement for IFR to obtain clearance +- Requirement for VFR to maintain listening watch \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/airspace/ifrocta.md b/docs/airspace/ifrocta.md index b70c467..5c6c17c 100644 --- a/docs/airspace/ifrocta.md +++ b/docs/airspace/ifrocta.md @@ -4,3 +4,22 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" +## Taxi at Uncontrolled Aerodrome +- Radio call to be made (link to radio page) +- Requirement to update ATS if departure delay encountered (and expectation that ATS will set ops normal time with you) +- Radio setup (COM1: CTR, COM2: CTAF/unicom) +- Expectation of airways clearance on the ground if departing OCTA aerodrome close to CTA LL + +## Airways Clearance after Departure +- Requirement to remain OCTA until in receipt of clearance (set APA to CTA LL) +- Handling of clearance + +## Cruise OCTA +- Requirement to inform ATS prior to change of level or track (but no clearance required) +- Use of Area QNH +- Enroute IFR traffic and appropriate actions + +## Arrival at Uncontrolled Aerodrome +- Clearance to leave CTA descending +- Traffic statement and appropriate actions (e.g. maintaining 1000ft sep with aircraft on opposing tracks) +- Cancelling SARWATCH (including whilst airborne where VHF coverage is limited) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/airspace/lanesofentry.md b/docs/airspace/lanesofentry.md index 7b8cded..f1e5112 100644 --- a/docs/airspace/lanesofentry.md +++ b/docs/airspace/lanesofentry.md @@ -4,3 +4,10 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" +## Navigating via Lanes of Entry +- Finding them on VTC charts +- Airways clearance requirements (some require ATC approval - e.g. Hope Valley route in Adelaide) +- General rules: + - Stay to the right + - Remain above safe altitude over terrain/built up areas + - Make broadcast on designated frequency or area frequency if none \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/airspace/prds.md b/docs/airspace/prds.md index 9deaf86..7b34c6d 100644 --- a/docs/airspace/prds.md +++ b/docs/airspace/prds.md @@ -4,3 +4,16 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" +## Danger Areas +- How to find details in ERSA +- Replanning to avoid +- Using appropriately designated danger areas (like training areas) to conduct predictable flight training/manoeuvres + +## Restricted Areas +- How to find details in ERSA +- RA status and what that means from a flight planning perspective +- How to remain clear laterally and vertically (i.e. boundary level between PRD and other airspace takes on designation of least restrictive airspace type) +- Military restricted airspace and potential civil releases + +## Prohibited Areas +- Not sure if we still have one in Aus or if it was downgraded to RA3 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/airspace/rulesofflight.md b/docs/airspace/rulesofflight.md index 41bd116..e1d48db 100644 --- a/docs/airspace/rulesofflight.md +++ b/docs/airspace/rulesofflight.md @@ -4,8 +4,13 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" -*Open to a better name* -- minimum height rule -- right of way -- other items from VFRG -- etc \ No newline at end of file +## Altitude Requirements +- Minimum height rule (500ft AGL, 1000ft over populated areas) +- Remaining clear of CTA/PRD (boundary level takes form of least restrictive airspace type) + +## Right of Way +- Give way to the right +- Circuit right of way +- Takeoff/landing separation minima OCTA + +**Other VFRG rules** \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/airspace/vatsimoperations.md b/docs/airspace/vatsimoperations.md index 9df888c..21476bd 100644 --- a/docs/airspace/vatsimoperations.md +++ b/docs/airspace/vatsimoperations.md @@ -4,7 +4,15 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" -- top down rule -- who to contact -- enroute sector extensions -- etc \ No newline at end of file +## Radio Communication Differences +- Unicom instead of CTAF +- Text and voice where text pilots known to operate in the area +- Allowance for non-standard winds/weather requiring use of reciprocal runways, etc + +## Top Down Rule +- Identifying who to contact +- Use of controller ATIS to determine who is providing control services for aerodrome + +## Enroute Sector Extensions +- Use of controller ATIS and VATPAC website airspace map to determine sector ownership +- Being told to contact a frequency which isn't displayed in pilot client (most foreign pilots get confused by this) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/airspace/vfrflightfollowing.md b/docs/airspace/vfrflightfollowing.md index da7a799..f06c440 100644 --- a/docs/airspace/vfrflightfollowing.md +++ b/docs/airspace/vfrflightfollowing.md @@ -4,3 +4,17 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" +## Use of Flight Following +- Provided surveillence service including traffic and area QNH updates +- Useful if intending to enter CTA at some point along your route + +## Initiating Flight Following +- Initial listening watch, then radio call to request service +- Actions if service is unavailable + +## Flight Plan Amendments +- Advising ATS of amended tracking or level + +## Cancelling Flight Following +- Radio call to cancel service +- Service terminated by ATS due workload \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/flight-planning/alternaterequirements.md b/docs/flight-planning/alternaterequirements.md index 127bbaf..b74ea0c 100644 --- a/docs/flight-planning/alternaterequirements.md +++ b/docs/flight-planning/alternaterequirements.md @@ -4,3 +4,24 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" +## Alternate due Weather +Link to Met section to interpret TAF + +### Day VFR +- Simple VFR alternate minima (different for fixed and rotary wing) + +### Night VFR +- GNSS/navaid or alternate within 1hr (double check) + +### IFR +- Alternate minima on AIP charts (don't bother with Part 121 ops) +- No aid alternate minima (LSALT+500 and 8km) + +## Alternate due Lighting +- Arrival after or approaching last light with no: + - Standby power + - Fixed electric runway lighting + (No need for responsible person stuff) + +## Alterante due Navaids +- Required to hold if single point of failure in aircraft or on the ground would cause a loss of approach capability \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/flight-planning/altimetry.md b/docs/flight-planning/altimetry.md index 89ce110..3a217e6 100644 --- a/docs/flight-planning/altimetry.md +++ b/docs/flight-planning/altimetry.md @@ -4,3 +4,20 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" +## Transition Layer +- Transition altitude and level +- Inability to cruise in layer +- Variable transition level due QNH + +## Area QNH +- Must be set below transition layer +- Must be within 5hPa of aerodrome within 100nm +- Requesting area QNH from ATS (link flight following) + +## Altimeter Setting on the Ground +- Use AWIS/ATIS to set QNH, otherwise set aerodrome elevation on altimeter to get QNH + +## Instrument Approach Corrections for QNH +- Ability to reduce published minima in shaded grey boxes by 100ft with actual QNH +- Leave grey boxes as is for TAF QNH +- Add 50ft to grey boxes for Area QNH \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/flight-planning/fuelplanning.md b/docs/flight-planning/fuelplanning.md index 557c9c7..a75040f 100644 --- a/docs/flight-planning/fuelplanning.md +++ b/docs/flight-planning/fuelplanning.md @@ -4,3 +4,46 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" +## Preflight Fuel Planning +### Flight Fuel +- Determining fuel burn and enroute time to calculate fuel burn +- Add climb fuel allowance + +### Reserve Fuel +- Final Reserve (ex-Fixed Reserve) +- Contingency Fuel (ex-Variable Reserve) +- Requirement to land with Final Reserve + +### Instrument Approach Fuel +- Carried for arrival at destination where weather dictates +- Not required if weather is good but INTER/TEMPO indicates deterioration and INTER/TEMPO fuel carried + +### Weather Holding/Alternate Fuel +- INTER/TEMPO +- PROB30/40 +- If no change indicator, alternate required +- Alternate must not require its own alternate + +### Traffic Holding Fuel +- Finding details in ERSA +- Carrying extra for VATSIM events (MRM, WorldFlight, etc) + - Dictate actual amounts of traffic holding fuel required for each event? + +### Extra Fuel +- Fuel tankering for return leg +- Additional contingencies when flying to isolated aerodrome +- Catering for VATSIM-isms + +### Example Fuel Plan +- Sample calculation for aircraft, with TAF requiring INTER/TEMPO and instrument approach + +## Inflight Diversion +- Where extensive holding or other factors dictate, perform fuel calculation to determine latest divert time +- Calculate flight fuel from present position to alternate +- Cater for any holding required at alternate (weather, traffic, etc) +- Cater for instrument approach at alternate if required +- Apply conservative buffer to minimum divert fuel, then assess current fuel burn to determine latest divert time +- Advise ATC approaching and reaching divert point + +### Inflight Fuel Emergencies +- MINIMUM FUEL and MAYDAY FUEL calls (link to radio page) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/flight-planning/routeselection.md b/docs/flight-planning/routeselection.md index 1039a97..b4b5fea 100644 --- a/docs/flight-planning/routeselection.md +++ b/docs/flight-planning/routeselection.md @@ -4,3 +4,27 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" +## ERSA Preferred Routes +- Use as starting point to exit/enter busy TMAs, then use other route planning to connect the two +- If required route is less than ideal, consider departing VFR/OCTA + +## VFR Route Selection +- Frequent navigation points to assist with visual navigation +- Routes keeping aircraft clear of CTA/PRD, even if navigation isn't accurate (i.e. applying buffer to these restrictive airspace sectors) +- Considering availability of airways clearance and Plan B if clearance not available + +## IFR Route Selection +- Use of ERC H or L depending on intended cruising altitude +- Awareness of grid and route LSALTs where aircraft performance may suffer in event of engine failure or icing + +## Altitude Selection +- Hemispherical levels +- VFR +500ft levels + +## Designated Remote Areas +- Reference to CAOs +- Requirement to carry survival equipment (not really a consideration for flight sim) + +## Use of Third-Party Tools +- Warning about use of SimBrief routes +- Use of ATC Assist to generate route \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/local-procedures/adelaide.md b/docs/local-procedures/adelaide.md index 786f06f..87b1fbb 100644 --- a/docs/local-procedures/adelaide.md +++ b/docs/local-procedures/adelaide.md @@ -4,4 +4,12 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" -- coastal flights \ No newline at end of file +## VFR Scenic Flights +### Coastal Transit +- Flight planning advice +- Clearance requirements from ATS +- Expectation of being processed at 500ft and expected clearance limits + +### Hope Valley VFR Route +- Flight planning advice +- Clearance requirements from ATS \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/local-procedures/perth.md b/docs/local-procedures/perth.md index d50532f..e260f12 100644 --- a/docs/local-procedures/perth.md +++ b/docs/local-procedures/perth.md @@ -1,7 +1,8 @@ --- - title: Sydney, NSW + title: Perth, WA --- --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" -- Victor 65 \ No newline at end of file +- Victor 65 +- Victor 66 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/local-procedures/sydney.md b/docs/local-procedures/sydney.md index 25d203c..3d67753 100644 --- a/docs/local-procedures/sydney.md +++ b/docs/local-procedures/sydney.md @@ -4,14 +4,56 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" -**Fixed Wing** -- Victor One -- Harbour Scenic One -- Richmond VFR Route -- Bankstown VFR Route - -**Rotary Wing** -- Bondi 5 -- YSSY Helicopter Routes -- Airspace block clearances (e.g. Manly Sector, South Harbour Sector) -- R405 \ No newline at end of file +## VFR Scenic Flights +### Harbour Scenic Flights +- Flight planning advice +- Details of Harbour Scenic One and Two +- Who to contact and how to request clearance +- Descent into Victor One South on completion of orbits + +### Victor One +- Strict tracking and altitude requirements on procedure +- Broadcast requirements + +### Bankstown Lane of Entry +- Tracking details and changing altitude requirements (due overlying CTA) +- Broadcast requirements + +### Richmond Lane of Entry +- Flight planning advice +- Clearance requirements from ATS + +### R405 (Sydney Harbour) Airspace +- Availability only to helicopters and floatplanes +- Strict altitude requirements +- Oncoming traffic risk along Parramatta River +- Broadcast requirements + +### Helicopter Coded Clearances +- Clearance requirements from ATS +- Definition of clearances (e.g. Manly Sector, South Harbour Sector) + +## Sydney Airport Procedures +### YSSY STAR Route Discontinuities +- Requirement to leave discontinuity in FMC as per STAR chart (e.g. RIVET STAR) + +### Independent Visual Approaches (IVAs) +- Requirement to report the runway in sight, or visual if on LOC +- Expectation of traffic information if within 1nm +- Advice to use ILS +- Missed approach + +### VFR Helicopter Routes +- Clearance requirements from ATS +- Definition of each route +- Bondi 5 procedure +- Expectation of being processed via a different inbound route when approaching from CAPS or MRBR due YSSY runway config and traffic requirements + +## Class D RNP Approaches +### YSCN RNP Approach +- Traffic statement by SY CTR +- Clearance by CN TWR + +### YSBK RNP Approach +- Clearance to leave/reenter by SY CTR +- Go around note with minimal buffer to SY CTA \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/meteorology/forecastsandreports.md b/docs/meteorology/forecastsandreports.md index ba64ca5..5e4af82 100644 --- a/docs/meteorology/forecastsandreports.md +++ b/docs/meteorology/forecastsandreports.md @@ -4,3 +4,20 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" +## METAR vs TAF +- METAR is report +- TAF is forecast +- Can't use METAR for flight planning + +## Interpreting Data +### METAR +- What each section means +- SPECI meaning + +### TAF +- What each section means +- TAF3 +- Link to flight planning section to apply data in an operational context + +### Common Abbreviations +- See VFRG \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/meteorology/hazards.md b/docs/meteorology/hazards.md index 0425424..e3c507c 100644 --- a/docs/meteorology/hazards.md +++ b/docs/meteorology/hazards.md @@ -4,3 +4,12 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" +## Thunderstorms +- Dangers to aviation +- Avoidance + +## Mountain Waves +- Dangers to aviation +- Avoidance + +## Wake Turbulence? \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/navigation/iaps.md b/docs/navigation/iaps.md index 9d95114..a4c068b 100644 --- a/docs/navigation/iaps.md +++ b/docs/navigation/iaps.md @@ -4,3 +4,50 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" +## Purpose of Instrument Approaches +- Allows safe descent below the MSA in adverse weather conditions +- Useful in establishing a stable descent profile +- Can be runway aligned or enable descent to the circling area + +### Descending Below the MSA +- Must only descend below the MSA once past the IAF and established on the procedure +- ATC may provide vectors and facilitate descent on the MVA to commence lower than the MSA +- All ground-based navaids must be tuned and identified prior to descent below the MSA/passage of the IAF + +## 3D Approaches (ILS/GLS) +- Provide lateral and vertical guidance +- ILS is tuned into VHF Nav radio, GLS is entered through FMS or other GNSS interface +- When ATC providing vectors to intercept LOC/FAC, expect to be established at least 2nm prior to the FAP +- Minima is 'Decision Altitude', based on height (either radio height or baro altitude) + +## 2D Approaches +- Provide lateral guidance only +- Vertical profile must be maintained manually by pilot +- Minima based on altitude (Minimum Descent Altitude) and missed approach commenced from Missed Approach Point +- Most approaches follow a 3 degree profile + - rule of thumb for 320ft/1nm and 1000ft/3nm + +### RNP +- Must commence from IAF (not IF) +- Uses GNSS or other area-based navigation system +- Ensure RAIM available prior to approach + +### LOC +- CDI deflection of localiser + +### VOR +- CDI deflection of VOR radial +- May involve reversal procedure + +### NDB +- Azimuth deflection of ADF needle +- May involve reversal procedure + +## Circling Approaches +- Requirements when circling +- Definition of circling area +- When you can circle in a No Circling Area + +## Missed Approaches +- When a missed approach must be commenced (from AIP) +- Guidance on how to conduct missed approach if tracking references an aid (note about intercepting, etc) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/navigation/ifrdepartures.md b/docs/navigation/ifrdepartures.md index 10440f1..c17ba94 100644 --- a/docs/navigation/ifrdepartures.md +++ b/docs/navigation/ifrdepartures.md @@ -4,3 +4,17 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" +## Standard Instrument Departures (SIDs) +- Explanation of what a SID is +- Use in CTA (terrain clearance, traffic flow and separation, airspace containment) +- Use OCTA (terrain clearance) +- Height and speed restrictions + +## Visual Departures +- Phraseology when issued by ATC +- Responsibility to depart the circuit in published manner + +## Other Departure Methods +- Confirm AIP reference for departing provided you are assured of terrain clearance +- Engine out procedures +- Climb in the circling area \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/navigation/ifrnavigation.md b/docs/navigation/ifrnavigation.md index 7f5afa6..2ac8516 100644 --- a/docs/navigation/ifrnavigation.md +++ b/docs/navigation/ifrnavigation.md @@ -4,3 +4,26 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" +## Route Planning +- Link to Flight Planning section +- Important to flight plan according to the equipment onboard +- Requirement for IFR aircraft to be equipped with GNSS + +## Area Navigation +- Use of GNSS and other area-based nav systems (INS) +- Where possible, cross check the next track and distance at station passage of each waypoint +- +## Ground-Based Navaids +- Cone of confusion +- Changing sensitivity based on distance from station +- Range of navaids (replace VOR/DME table, indicate location of NDB ERSA entry) + +## Lowest Safe Altitude (LSALT) +- Requirement to remain above LSALT, unless: + - Visual by day + - NVIS by night + - Pilot calculated lowest safe +- Types of LSALTs: + - Route LSALT (consideration when flight planning) + - Grid LSALT + - Aerodrome MSA \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/navigation/vfrnavigation.md b/docs/navigation/vfrnavigation.md index 51712a0..39f802c 100644 --- a/docs/navigation/vfrnavigation.md +++ b/docs/navigation/vfrnavigation.md @@ -4,3 +4,17 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" +## Creating a Navlog +- After finalising route, writing each point down +- Simplfied wind correction (using slide rule or online calculator) +- Calculating enroute time and fuel requirements (link to Flight Planning section) + +## Map Reading +- Use of VTCs in terminal areas, VNCs in surrounding areas, and WACs where necessary +- Choosing easily-identifiable features from the air with lead in features to assist in early recognition + +## Ground-to-Map Technique +- Look for major features outside and locate on chart +- Triangulate position based on multiple features +- Use time travelled and estimated GS to estimate distance travelled since last position fix +- Wind adjustment where winds are different to forecast \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/radio-telephony/controlledaerodromes.md b/docs/radio-telephony/controlledaerodromes.md index 76244da..c66c836 100644 --- a/docs/radio-telephony/controlledaerodromes.md +++ b/docs/radio-telephony/controlledaerodromes.md @@ -4,3 +4,26 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" +## Airways Clearance +- Standard airways clearance format +- PDC + +## Pushback & Taxi +- Pushback +- Engine start but no pushback required (during start approvals) +- Taxi instructions + - Hold short + - Give way + - Runway crossings + +## Takeoff & Landing +- Clearances to takeoff/land from runways and taxiways inside the manoeuvring area +- Instructions to become airborne/land outside the manoeuvring area +- Circuits + - Follow instructions + - Requirement to report downwind with intentions +- Go arounds + +## Traffic Information +- Advice on nearby aircraft at the aerodrome (e.g. Choppers South crossing the runways at YSBK) +- Advice on aircraft off aerodrome in the vicinity of approach/departure path (e.g. hospitals north of YSSY) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/radio-telephony/ctaf.md b/docs/radio-telephony/ctaf.md index 54b9b10..9e685b0 100644 --- a/docs/radio-telephony/ctaf.md +++ b/docs/radio-telephony/ctaf.md @@ -4,3 +4,19 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" +## General Format +- Structure of a CTAF call + +## Outbound Calls +- Taxi call +- Entering a runway +- Rolling with intentions + +## Inbound Calls +- Between 10 and 25nm depending on aircraft performance +- Position, intentions, ETA +- Clear of all runways + +## Circuit Calls +- Joining the circuit +- Base with intentions \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/radio-telephony/emergency.md b/docs/radio-telephony/emergency.md index 7d5f8df..b78cc05 100644 --- a/docs/radio-telephony/emergency.md +++ b/docs/radio-telephony/emergency.md @@ -4,3 +4,16 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" +## Distress Call (MAYDAY) +- Use +- Format +- Response on VATSIM (may be asked to disconnect) + +## Urgency Call (PAN PAN) +- Use +- Format +- Response on VATSIM (may be asked to disconnect) + +## Fuel Emergencies +- MINIMUM FUEL +- MAYDAY FUEL \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/radio-telephony/enroute.md b/docs/radio-telephony/enroute.md index db25ff6..93f17d0 100644 --- a/docs/radio-telephony/enroute.md +++ b/docs/radio-telephony/enroute.md @@ -4,3 +4,18 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" +- Contact with next sector + +## Controlled Airspace +- STAR clearance +- Weather avoidance/amended tracking requests +- Amended level requests +- Leave CTA descending (via IAP and not) + +## Uncontrolled Airspace +- Flight following +- Traffic information + + + +**Others?** \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/radio-telephony/terminalareas.md b/docs/radio-telephony/terminalareas.md index 253a5fa..7dea63a 100644 --- a/docs/radio-telephony/terminalareas.md +++ b/docs/radio-telephony/terminalareas.md @@ -4,3 +4,11 @@ --8<-- "includes/abbreviations.md" +- First contact with approach +- First contact with departures +- Climb/descent via SID/STAR +- Being taken off a SID/STAR +- Cleared for instrument approach +- Cleared for visual approach +- Leave CTA descending +- Others? \ No newline at end of file