diff --git a/.changeset/gold-trainers-sing.md b/.changeset/gold-trainers-sing.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e936bf8ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/gold-trainers-sing.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@vanilla-extract/css': patch
+---
+
+Fix spaces in debug IDs for variable names.
diff --git a/.changeset/hungry-ties-judge.md b/.changeset/hungry-ties-judge.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..686d057d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/hungry-ties-judge.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+'@vanilla-extract/css': minor
+---
+
+Support excluding file names from `generateIdentifier` output. This is available by passing a newly-added options object rather than a string.
+
+**Example usage**
+
+```ts
+import { generateIdentifier } from '@vanilla-extract/css';
+
+const identifier = generateIdentifier({
+  debugId,
+  debugFileName: false,
+});
+```
diff --git a/.changeset/popular-seas-relate.md b/.changeset/popular-seas-relate.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71420dbd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/popular-seas-relate.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@vanilla-extract/css': patch
+---
+
+Fix file name prefix in debug names when file extension is `.cjs` or `.mjs`.
diff --git a/packages/css/src/identifier.test.ts b/packages/css/src/identifier.test.ts
index 93d9f5f98..3ef01d6ef 100644
--- a/packages/css/src/identifier.test.ts
+++ b/packages/css/src/identifier.test.ts
@@ -3,26 +3,58 @@ import { generateIdentifier } from './identifier';
 
 describe('identifier', () => {
   beforeAll(() => {
-    setFileScope('test');
+    setFileScope('path/to/file.css.ts');
   });
 
   afterAll(() => {
     endFileScope();
   });
 
-  it(`should create a valid identifier`, () => {
+  it(`should ignore file scopes without a file extension when creating a path prefix`, () => {
+    setFileScope('test');
     expect(generateIdentifier(undefined)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`"skkcyc0"`);
+    endFileScope();
+  });
+
+  it(`should create a valid identifier`, () => {
+    expect(generateIdentifier(undefined)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(
+      `"file__18bazsm0"`,
+    );
   });
 
   it('should create a valid identifier with a debug id', () => {
     expect(generateIdentifier('debug')).toMatchInlineSnapshot(
-      `"debug__skkcyc1"`,
+      `"file_debug__18bazsm1"`,
     );
   });
 
   it('should create a valid identifier with a debug id with whitespace', () => {
     expect(generateIdentifier('debug and more')).toMatchInlineSnapshot(
-      `"debug_and_more__skkcyc2"`,
+      `"file_debug_and_more__18bazsm2"`,
     );
   });
+
+  describe('options object', () => {
+    it(`should create a valid identifier`, () => {
+      expect(generateIdentifier({})).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`"file__18bazsm3"`);
+    });
+
+    it('should create a valid identifier with a debug id and with file name debugging explicitly enabled', () => {
+      expect(
+        generateIdentifier({ debugId: 'debug', debugFileName: true }),
+      ).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`"file_debug__18bazsm4"`);
+    });
+
+    it('should create a valid identifier with a debug id and without file name debugging', () => {
+      expect(
+        generateIdentifier({ debugId: 'debug', debugFileName: false }),
+      ).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`"debug__18bazsm5"`);
+    });
+
+    it('should create a valid identifier without a debug ID or file name', () => {
+      expect(
+        generateIdentifier({ debugFileName: false }),
+      ).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`"_18bazsm6"`);
+    });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/css/src/identifier.ts b/packages/css/src/identifier.ts
index da4431b43..5dfe5b1ad 100644
--- a/packages/css/src/identifier.ts
+++ b/packages/css/src/identifier.ts
@@ -3,23 +3,46 @@ import hash from '@emotion/hash';
 import { getIdentOption } from './adapter';
 import { getAndIncrementRefCounter, getFileScope } from './fileScope';
 
-function getDevPrefix(debugId: string | undefined) {
+function getDevPrefix({
+  debugId,
+  debugFileName,
+}: {
+  debugId?: string;
+  debugFileName: boolean;
+}) {
   const parts = debugId ? [debugId.replace(/\s/g, '_')] : [];
-  const { filePath } = getFileScope();
 
-  const matches = filePath.match(
-    /(?<dir>[^\/\\]*)?[\/\\]?(?<file>[^\/\\]*)\.css\.(ts|js|tsx|jsx)$/,
-  );
+  if (debugFileName) {
+    const { filePath } = getFileScope();
+
+    const matches = filePath.match(
+      /(?<dir>[^\/\\]*)?[\/\\]?(?<file>[^\/\\]*)\.css\.(ts|js|tsx|jsx|cjs|mjs)$/,
+    );
 
-  if (matches && matches.groups) {
-    const { dir, file } = matches.groups;
-    parts.unshift(file && file !== 'index' ? file : dir);
+    if (matches && matches.groups) {
+      const { dir, file } = matches.groups;
+      parts.unshift(file && file !== 'index' ? file : dir);
+    }
   }
 
   return parts.join('_');
 }
 
-export function generateIdentifier(debugId: string | undefined) {
+interface GenerateIdentifierOptions {
+  debugId?: string;
+  debugFileName?: boolean;
+}
+
+export function generateIdentifier(debugId?: string): string;
+export function generateIdentifier(options?: GenerateIdentifierOptions): string;
+export function generateIdentifier(
+  arg?: string | GenerateIdentifierOptions,
+): string {
+  const { debugId, debugFileName = true } = {
+    ...(typeof arg === 'string' ? { debugId: arg } : null),
+    ...(typeof arg === 'object' ? arg : null),
+  };
+
   // Convert ref count to base 36 for optimal hash lengths
   const refCount = getAndIncrementRefCounter().toString(36);
   const { filePath, packageName } = getFileScope();
@@ -31,7 +54,7 @@ export function generateIdentifier(debugId: string | undefined) {
   let identifier = `${fileScopeHash}${refCount}`;
 
   if (getIdentOption() === 'debug') {
-    const devPrefix = getDevPrefix(debugId);
+    const devPrefix = getDevPrefix({ debugId, debugFileName });
 
     if (devPrefix) {
       identifier = `${devPrefix}__${identifier}`;
diff --git a/packages/css/src/vars.ts b/packages/css/src/vars.ts
index d124b1626..915e1839a 100644
--- a/packages/css/src/vars.ts
+++ b/packages/css/src/vars.ts
@@ -5,29 +5,20 @@ import {
   MapLeafNodes,
   CSSVarFunction,
 } from '@vanilla-extract/private';
-import hash from '@emotion/hash';
 import cssesc from 'cssesc';
 
 import { Tokens, NullableTokens, ThemeVars } from './types';
-import { getAndIncrementRefCounter, getFileScope } from './fileScope';
 import { validateContract } from './validateContract';
-import { getIdentOption } from './adapter';
+import { generateIdentifier } from './identifier';
 
 export function createVar(debugId?: string): CSSVarFunction {
-  // Convert ref count to base 36 for optimal hash lengths
-  const refCount = getAndIncrementRefCounter().toString(36);
-  const { filePath, packageName } = getFileScope();
-  const fileScopeHash = hash(
-    packageName ? `${packageName}${filePath}` : filePath,
+  const cssVarName = cssesc(
+    generateIdentifier({
+      debugId,
+      debugFileName: false,
+    }),
+    { isIdentifier: true },
   );
-  const varName =
-    getIdentOption() === 'debug' && debugId
-      ? `${debugId}__${fileScopeHash}${refCount}`
-      : `${fileScopeHash}${refCount}`;
-
-  const cssVarName = cssesc(varName.match(/^[0-9]/) ? `_${varName}` : varName, {
-    isIdentifier: true,
-  });
 
   return `var(--${cssVarName})` as const;
 }