diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/filesystem/localfs_test.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/filesystem/localfs_test.cc
index 1a20e44bc36e2..d68c992dff863 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/filesystem/localfs_test.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/filesystem/localfs_test.cc
@@ -154,15 +154,16 @@ TEST(FileSystemFromUri, RuntimeRegisteredFactory) {
   EXPECT_THAT(FileSystemFromUri("slowfile2:///hey/yo", &path),
               Raises(StatusCode::Invalid));
 
-  EXPECT_THAT(RegisterFileSystemFactory("slowfile2", {SlowFileSystemFactory, "", 0}),
-              Ok());
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      RegisterFileSystemFactory("slowfile2", {SlowFileSystemFactory, __FILE__, __LINE__}),
+      Ok());
 
   ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto fs, FileSystemFromUri("slowfile2:///hey/yo", &path));
   EXPECT_EQ(path, "/hey/yo");
   EXPECT_EQ(fs->type_name(), "slow");
 
   EXPECT_THAT(
-      RegisterFileSystemFactory("slowfile2", {SlowFileSystemFactory, "", 0}),
+      RegisterFileSystemFactory("slowfile2", {SlowFileSystemFactory, __FILE__, __LINE__}),
       Raises(StatusCode::KeyError,
              testing::HasSubstr("Attempted to register factory for scheme 'slowfile2' "
                                 "but that scheme is already registered")));