diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 2383be3121..87f4b571f2 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ We use *breaking :warning:* to mark changes that are not backward compatible (re
 * [#5654](https://github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pull/5654) Query: add `--grpc-compression` flag that controls the compression used in gRPC client. With the flag it is now possible to compress the traffic between Query and StoreAPI nodes - you get lower network usage in exchange for a bit higher CPU/RAM usage.
 - [#5650](https://github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pull/5650) Query Frontend: Add sharded queries metrics.
 - [#5658](https://github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pull/5658) Query Frontend: Introduce new optional parameters (`query-range.min-split-interval`, `query-range.max-split-interval`, `query-range.horizontal-shards`) to implement more dynamic horizontal query splitting.
+- [#5721](https://github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pull/5721) Store: Add metric `thanos_bucket_store_empty_postings_total` for number of empty postings when fetching series.
 
 ### Changed
 
diff --git a/pkg/store/bucket.go b/pkg/store/bucket.go
index 2d7f270feb..1fd7494e01 100644
--- a/pkg/store/bucket.go
+++ b/pkg/store/bucket.go
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ type bucketStoreMetrics struct {
 	chunkSizeBytes        prometheus.Histogram
 	queriesDropped        *prometheus.CounterVec
 	seriesRefetches       prometheus.Counter
+	emptyPostingCount     prometheus.Counter
 
 	cachedPostingsCompressions           *prometheus.CounterVec
 	cachedPostingsCompressionErrors      *prometheus.CounterVec
@@ -255,6 +256,11 @@ func newBucketStoreMetrics(reg prometheus.Registerer) *bucketStoreMetrics {
 		Buckets: []float64{0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 0.3, 0.6, 1, 3, 6, 9, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120},
 	})
 
+	m.emptyPostingCount = promauto.With(reg).NewCounter(prometheus.CounterOpts{
+		Name: "thanos_bucket_store_empty_postings_total",
+		Help: "Total number of empty postings when fetching block series.",
+	})
+
 	return &m
 }
 
@@ -789,6 +795,7 @@ func blockSeries(
 	minTime, maxTime int64, // Series must have data in this time range to be returned.
 	loadAggregates []storepb.Aggr, // List of aggregates to load when loading chunks.
 	shardMatcher *storepb.ShardMatcher,
+	emptyPostingsCount prometheus.Counter,
 ) (storepb.SeriesSet, *queryStats, error) {
 	ps, err := indexr.ExpandedPostings(ctx, matchers)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -796,6 +803,7 @@ func blockSeries(
 	}
 
 	if len(ps) == 0 {
+		emptyPostingsCount.Inc()
 		return storepb.EmptySeriesSet(), indexr.stats, nil
 	}
 
@@ -1086,6 +1094,7 @@ func (s *BucketStore) Series(req *storepb.SeriesRequest, srv storepb.Store_Serie
 					req.MinTime, req.MaxTime,
 					req.Aggregates,
 					shardMatcher,
+					s.metrics.emptyPostingCount,
 				)
 				if err != nil {
 					return errors.Wrapf(err, "fetch series for block %s", b.meta.ULID)
@@ -1293,7 +1302,21 @@ func (s *BucketStore) LabelNames(ctx context.Context, req *storepb.LabelNamesReq
 
 				result = strutil.MergeSlices(res, extRes)
 			} else {
-				seriesSet, _, err := blockSeries(newCtx, b.extLset, indexr, nil, reqSeriesMatchersNoExtLabels, nil, seriesLimiter, true, req.Start, req.End, nil, nil)
+				seriesSet, _, err := blockSeries(
+					newCtx,
+					b.extLset,
+					indexr,
+					nil,
+					reqSeriesMatchersNoExtLabels,
+					nil,
+					seriesLimiter,
+					true,
+					req.Start,
+					req.End,
+					nil,
+					nil,
+					s.metrics.emptyPostingCount,
+				)
 				if err != nil {
 					return errors.Wrapf(err, "fetch series for block %s", b.meta.ULID)
 				}
@@ -1447,7 +1470,21 @@ func (s *BucketStore) LabelValues(ctx context.Context, req *storepb.LabelValuesR
 				}
 				result = res
 			} else {
-				seriesSet, _, err := blockSeries(newCtx, b.extLset, indexr, nil, reqSeriesMatchersNoExtLabels, nil, seriesLimiter, true, req.Start, req.End, nil, nil)
+				seriesSet, _, err := blockSeries(
+					newCtx,
+					b.extLset,
+					indexr,
+					nil,
+					reqSeriesMatchersNoExtLabels,
+					nil,
+					seriesLimiter,
+					true,
+					req.Start,
+					req.End,
+					nil,
+					nil,
+					s.metrics.emptyPostingCount,
+				)
 				if err != nil {
 					return errors.Wrapf(err, "fetch series for block %s", b.meta.ULID)
 				}
diff --git a/pkg/store/bucket_test.go b/pkg/store/bucket_test.go
index 6a54f76b8e..4da878ff4a 100644
--- a/pkg/store/bucket_test.go
+++ b/pkg/store/bucket_test.go
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/leanovate/gopter/gen"
 	"github.com/leanovate/gopter/prop"
 	"github.com/oklog/ulid"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promauto"
 	promtest "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/testutil"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/relabel"
@@ -36,10 +38,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb/chunkenc"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb/encoding"
-	"github.com/thanos-io/objstore/providers/filesystem"
 	"go.uber.org/atomic"
 
 	"github.com/thanos-io/objstore"
+	"github.com/thanos-io/objstore/providers/filesystem"
 
 	"github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pkg/block"
 	"github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pkg/block/indexheader"
@@ -2286,6 +2288,11 @@ func benchmarkBlockSeriesWithConcurrency(b *testing.B, concurrency int, blockMet
 	// No limits.
 	chunksLimiter := NewChunksLimiterFactory(0)(nil)
 	seriesLimiter := NewSeriesLimiterFactory(0)(nil)
+	dummyCounter := promauto.NewCounter(prometheus.CounterOpts{
+		Name: "dummy",
+		Help: "dummy help",
+	})
+	ctx := context.Background()
 
 	// Run multiple workers to execute the queries.
 	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
@@ -2319,7 +2326,7 @@ func benchmarkBlockSeriesWithConcurrency(b *testing.B, concurrency int, blockMet
 				indexReader := blk.indexReader()
 				chunkReader := blk.chunkReader()
 
-				seriesSet, _, err := blockSeries(context.Background(), nil, indexReader, chunkReader, matchers, chunksLimiter, seriesLimiter, req.SkipChunks, req.MinTime, req.MaxTime, req.Aggregates, nil)
+				seriesSet, _, err := blockSeries(ctx, nil, indexReader, chunkReader, matchers, chunksLimiter, seriesLimiter, req.SkipChunks, req.MinTime, req.MaxTime, req.Aggregates, nil, dummyCounter)
 				testutil.Ok(b, err)
 
 				// Ensure at least 1 series has been returned (as expected).