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Day 14 - GIT Started in Linux

Since we created an article of how to GIT Started in VS Code in Windows, we decided to include an article of how to clone private and public repositories on a Linux host from a bash prompt. Additionally, we will be generated an SSH Key Pair and adding the public key to a GitHub and Azure DevOps account for authentication.

WARNING!: The SSH Key Pair that is used in this article is used for both the GitHub Account and the Azure DevOps Account and doesn't require a password. If you were doing this in a Production environment, it would be advisable to password protect the Private Key and use separate SSH Key Pairs for authentication in GitHub and Azure DevOps.

NOTE: This article was tested and written for a Linux Host running Ubuntu 18.04.


In this installment, we'll be going over the following.

Installing Git on Ubuntu
Clone a Public GitHub Repo
Clone a Private GitHub Repo using SSH Keys
Clone a Private Azure DevOps Repo using SSH Keys
Conclusion

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Installing Git on Ubuntu

From a bash prompt, run the following command to install Git.

sudo apt-get install git -y

Clone a Public GitHub Repo

Next, run the following command to clone the 100DaysofIaCRepo from GitHub.

git clone https://github.com/starkfell/100DaysOfIaC.git

You should get back the following response:

Cloning into '100DaysOfIaC'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 4, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (4/4), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
remote: Total 574 (delta 0), reused 3 (delta 0), pack-reused 570
Receiving objects: 100% (574/574), 1.31 MiB | 2.73 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (215/215), done.

Clone a Private GitHub Repo using SSH Keys

You need access to a GitHub Account and an existing Private repository in GitHub to complete the next steps. Setting up a new GitHub account and creating your own private repo takes only a few minutes, you can start here.

In this section we will generate an SSH Key Pair, add the public key to GitHub and use it to clone a private repository locally.


Generate SSH Keys

From a bash prompt, run the following command to create an SSH Key Pair.

ssh-keygen \
-t rsa \
-b 4096 \
-C "my-github-ssh-key" \
-f ~/.ssh/my-github-ssh-key -N ''

You should get back a response similar to what is shown below:

Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Created directory '/home/serveradmin/.ssh'.
Your identification has been saved in /home/serveradmin/.ssh/my-github-ssh-key.
Your public key has been saved in /home/serveradmin/.ssh/my-github-ssh-key.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:VK26Xp0+mSaO5PTK3r7JRJBwUhZjbo9KOF7UmsDfVrE my-github-ssh-key
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 4096]----+
|      o.B.o.     |
|   .   O + o.    |
|    o . B E.     |
|     = * =.      |
|    o * S.o      |
|   . + o.. . .   |
|    . . o.o oo   |
|       =.B.o=    |
|       oB+O+..   |
+----[SHA256]-----+

cat out the SSH Public Key.

cat ~/.ssh/my-github-ssh-key.pub

You should get back something similar to what is shown below. Copy and save it for use in the next couple of sections.

ssh-rsa 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 my-github-ssh-key

Add the Public SSH Key in GitHub

Open up a web browser and go to your GitHub Personal Settings and in SSH and GPG Keys click on the New SSH key button.

001

Next, type in the Title of the SSH Key and paste in the contents of the SSH Public Key from earlier, then click Add SSH key.

002

Next, type in your GitHub Account password if you are prompted.

003

Once the key has been added you should see SSH Public Key listed.

004


Clone the Repo using the SSH Key

From a bash prompt, run the following command to add the SSH Private Key to your ssh-agent so Git can use it to authenticate to GitHub.

eval $(ssh-agent -s) ; ssh-add ~/.ssh/my-github-ssh-key

You should see the ssh-agent running as a process with the SSH Private Key added.

Agent pid 2777
Identity added: /home/serveradmin/.ssh/my-github-ssh-key (/home/serveradmin/.ssh/my-github-ssh-key)

Next, use the syntax below to clone a private repository in GitHub using SSH.

git clone [email protected]:starkfell/shodan-container.git

NOTE: The Syntax for the same private repository for HTTPS authentication would be https://github.com/starkfell/shodan-container.git

Next, you may be prompted about the authenticity of host github.com, type in yes.

The authenticity of host 'github.com (140.82.118.3)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:nThbg6kXUpJWGl7E1IGOCspRomTxdCARLviKw6E5SY8.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

You should see the following once the repository has been cloned locally.

Warning: Permanently added 'github.com,140.82.118.3' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
remote: Enumerating objects: 27, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (27/27), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (22/22), done.
remote: Total 27 (delta 7), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (27/27), 6.05 KiB | 6.05 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (7/7), done.

Clone a Private Azure DevOps Repo using SSH Keys

You need to have access to an existing Microsoft account and a repository already setup before you can complete the steps below. You can sign-up for an account here.

NOTE: We will be using the SSH Key Pair that was generated earlier for GitHub.

Open up a web browser and go to your Azure DevOps Project. In the top right hand corner, click on your Profile and then click on Security as shown below.

005

Next, click on SSH public keys and then click on the + New Key button as shown below.

006

Next, type in the Name of the SSH Key and paste in the contents of the SSH Public Key, then click Add.

007

You should now see the SSH Public Key in an active state.

008

Next, browse back to the repository you want to clone in your Project and locate the SSH URL to use.

009

Next, use the syntax below to clone a private repository in GitHub using SSH.

git clone [email protected]:v3/rei-sandbox/aci-sandbox/aci-sandbox

NOTE: The Syntax for the same private repository for HTTPS authentication would be https://[email protected]/rei-sandbox/aci-sandbox/_git/aci-sandbox

Next, you may be prompted about the authenticity of host ssh.dev.azure.com, type in yes.

The authenticity of host 'ssh.dev.azure.com (40.81.159.67)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:ohD8VZEXGWo6Ez8GSEJQ9WpafgLFsOfLOtGGQCQo6Og.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?

You should see the following once the repository has been cloned locally.

Warning: Permanently added 'ssh.dev.azure.com,40.81.159.67' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
remote: Azure Repos
remote: Found 36 objects to send. (360 ms)
Receiving objects: 100% (36/36), 9.29 KiB | 9.29 MiB/s, done.

Conclusion

In this article we demonstrated how to clone a Public Repository in GitHub and how to clone private repositories in GitHub and Azure DevOps using SSH Key for authentication.