From 4cc44df8e8c679dd731b2c2118b7fc78ee8ad319 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: legendecas <legendecas@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Feb 2021 17:12:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 01/13] spec: update second parameter of error constructor with
 options bag

---
 spec.emu | 63 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 56 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/spec.emu b/spec.emu
index e95938f..7411ee9 100644
--- a/spec.emu
+++ b/spec.emu
@@ -29,6 +29,53 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+
+<emu-clause id="sec-abstract-operations">
+  <h1>Abstract Operations</h1>
+  <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+  <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+  <emu-clause id="sec-operations-on-objects">
+    <h1>Operations on Objects</h1>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-getoption">
+        <h1><ins>GetOption ( _options_, _property_ )</ins></h1>
+        <p><ins>The abstract operation GetOption extracts the value of the property named _property_ from the provided _options_ object.</ins></p>
+        <emu-alg>
+          1. <ins>If Type(_options_) is not Object, then</ins>
+            1. <ins>Return *undefined*.</ins>
+          1. <ins>Let _value_ be ? Get(_options_, _property_).</ins>
+          1. <ins>Return _value_.</ins>
+        </emu-alg>
+    </emu-clause>
+  </emu-clause>
+
+
+</emu-clause>
+
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
@@ -42,7 +89,6 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 
-
 <emu-clause id="sec-fundamental-objects">
   <h1>Fundamental Objects</h1>
 
@@ -56,9 +102,9 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
       <h1>The Error Constructor</h1>
 
       <emu-clause id="sec-error-message">
-        <h1>Error ( _message_<ins> [ , _cause_ ]</ins> )</h1>
+        <h1>Error ( _message_<ins> [ , _options_ ]</ins> )</h1>
 
-        <p>When the `Error` function is called with argument _message_<ins> and _cause_</ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
+        <p>When the `Error` function is called with argument _message_<ins> and _options_</ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
 
         <emu-alg>
           1. If NewTarget is *undefined*, let _newTarget_ be the active function object; else let _newTarget_ be NewTarget.
@@ -67,6 +113,7 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
             1. Let _msg_ be ? ToString(_message_).
             1. Let _msgDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _msg_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.
             1. Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, `"message"`, _msgDesc_).
+          1. <ins>Let _cause_ be ? GetOption(_options_, `"cause"`)</ins>
           1. <ins>If _cause_ is not *undefined*, then</ins>
             1. <ins>Let _causeDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _cause_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</ins>
             1. <ins>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, `"cause"`, _causeDesc_).</ins>
@@ -86,8 +133,8 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
         <h1>The _NativeError_ Constructors</h1>
 
         <emu-clause id="sec-nativeerror">
-          <h1>_NativeError_ ( _message_<ins> [ , _cause_ ]</ins> )</h1>
-          <p>When a _NativeError_ function is called with argument _message_<ins> and _cause_</ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
+          <h1>_NativeError_ ( _message_<ins> [ , _options_ ]</ins> )</h1>
+          <p>When a _NativeError_ function is called with argument _message_<ins> and _options_</ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
           <emu-alg>
             1. If NewTarget is *undefined*, let _newTarget_ be the active function object; else let _newTarget_ be NewTarget.
             1. [id="step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor"] Let _O_ be ? OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor(_newTarget_, <code>"%<var>NativeError</var>.prototype%"</code>, &laquo; [[ErrorData]] &raquo;).
@@ -95,6 +142,7 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
               1. Let _msg_ be ? ToString(_message_).
               1. Let _msgDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _msg_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.
               1. Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, *"message"*, _msgDesc_).
+            1. <ins>Let _cause_ be ? GetOption(_options_, `"cause"`)</ins>
             1. <ins>If _cause_ is not *undefined*, then</ins>
               1. <ins>Let _causeDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _cause_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</ins>
               1. <ins>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, `"cause"`, _causeDesc_).</ins>
@@ -112,8 +160,8 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
         <h1>The AggregateError Constructor</h1>
 
         <emu-clause id="sec-aggregate-error">
-          <h1>AggregateError ( _errors_, _message_<ins> [ , _cause_ ]</ins> )</h1>
-          <p>When the *AggregateError* function is called with arguments _errors_<del> and</del><ins>,</ins> _message_<ins>, and _cause_</ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
+          <h1>AggregateError ( _errors_, _message_<ins> [ , _options_ ]</ins> )</h1>
+          <p>When the *AggregateError* function is called with arguments _errors_<del> and</del><ins>,</ins> _message_<ins>, and _options_</ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
           <emu-alg>
             1. If NewTarget is *undefined*, let _newTarget_ be the active function object; else let _newTarget_ be NewTarget.
             1. Let _O_ be ? OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor(_newTarget_, *"%AggregateError.prototype%"*, &laquo; [[ErrorData]] &raquo;).
@@ -121,6 +169,7 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
               1. Let _msg_ be ? ToString(_message_).
               1. Let _msgDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _msg_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.
               1. Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, *"message"*, _msgDesc_).
+            1. <ins>Let _cause_ be ? GetOption(_options_, `"cause"`)</ins>
             1. <ins>If _cause_ is not *undefined*, then</ins>
               1. <ins>Let _causeDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _cause_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</ins>
               1. <ins>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, `"cause"`, _causeDesc_).</ins>

From 49c4c3e58a5be527818a9e8c12349c0108e0ee33 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: legendecas <legendecas@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Feb 2021 09:13:11 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 02/13] fixup: [spec] `npm run build`

---
 index.html | 97 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 69 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index b2f8867..455d4bc 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="./spec.css">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/8.4/styles/github.min.css">
 <script src="./spec.js"></script>
-<title>Error Cause</title><script type="application/json" id="menu-search-biblio">[{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"8","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"9","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"10","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"11","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"12","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"13","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"14","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"15","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"16","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"17","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"18","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"19.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"19.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"19.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"19.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-message","aoid":null,"title":"Error ( message [ , cause ] )","titleHTML":"Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>cause</var> ]</ins> )","number":"19.5.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Error ( message [ , cause ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-constructor","aoid":null,"title":"The Error Constructor","titleHTML":"The Error Constructor","number":"19.5.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The Error Constructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"19.5.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"19.5.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"19.5.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"19.5.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"step","id":"step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor","stepNumbers":[2],"referencingIds":["_ref_0"],"namespace":"<no location>","location":"","key":"step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror","aoid":null,"title":"NativeError ( message [ , cause ] )","titleHTML":"<var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>cause</var> ]</ins> )","number":"19.5.6.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"NativeError ( message [ , cause ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror-constructors","aoid":null,"title":"The NativeError Constructors","titleHTML":"The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors","number":"19.5.6.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The NativeError Constructors"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror-object-structure","aoid":null,"title":"NativeError Object Structure","titleHTML":"<var>NativeError</var> Object Structure","number":"19.5.6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"NativeError Object Structure"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error","aoid":null,"title":"AggregateError ( errors, message [ , cause ] )","titleHTML":"AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>cause</var> ]</ins> )","number":"19.5.7.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"AggregateError ( errors, message [ , cause ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error-constructor","aoid":null,"title":"The AggregateError Constructor","titleHTML":"The AggregateError Constructor","number":"19.5.7.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The AggregateError Constructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error-objects","aoid":null,"title":"AggregateError Objects","titleHTML":"AggregateError Objects","number":"19.5.7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"AggregateError Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Error Objects","titleHTML":"Error Objects","number":"19.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Error Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-fundamental-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Fundamental Objects","titleHTML":"Fundamental Objects","number":"19","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Fundamental Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-copyright-and-software-license","aoid":null,"title":"Copyright & Software License","titleHTML":"Copyright &amp; Software License","number":"A","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Copyright & Software License"}]</script><script>"use strict";
+<title>Error Cause</title><script type="application/json" id="menu-search-biblio">[{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.8","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.9","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.10","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.11","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.12","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.13","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.14","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.15","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.16","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.17","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.18","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.19","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.20","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.21","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.22","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.23","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.24","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.25","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-getoption","aoid":null,"title":"GetOption ( options, property )","titleHTML":"<ins>GetOption ( <var>options</var>, <var>property</var> )</ins>","number":"7.3.26","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"GetOption ( options, property )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-operations-on-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Operations on Objects","titleHTML":"Operations on Objects","number":"7.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Operations on Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-abstract-operations","aoid":null,"title":"Abstract Operations","titleHTML":"Abstract Operations","number":"7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Abstract Operations"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"8","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"9","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"10","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"11","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"12","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"13","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"14","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"15","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"16","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"17","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"18","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"19","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-message","aoid":null,"title":"Error ( message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Error ( message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-constructor","aoid":null,"title":"The Error Constructor","titleHTML":"The Error Constructor","number":"20.5.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The Error Constructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"step","id":"step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor","stepNumbers":[2],"referencingIds":["_ref_0"],"namespace":"<no location>","location":"","key":"step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror","aoid":null,"title":"NativeError ( message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"<var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.6.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"NativeError ( message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror-constructors","aoid":null,"title":"The NativeError Constructors","titleHTML":"The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors","number":"20.5.6.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The NativeError Constructors"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror-object-structure","aoid":null,"title":"NativeError Object Structure","titleHTML":"<var>NativeError</var> Object Structure","number":"20.5.6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"NativeError Object Structure"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error","aoid":null,"title":"AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.7.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error-constructor","aoid":null,"title":"The AggregateError Constructor","titleHTML":"The AggregateError Constructor","number":"20.5.7.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The AggregateError Constructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error-objects","aoid":null,"title":"AggregateError Objects","titleHTML":"AggregateError Objects","number":"20.5.7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"AggregateError Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Error Objects","titleHTML":"Error Objects","number":"20.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Error Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-fundamental-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Fundamental Objects","titleHTML":"Fundamental Objects","number":"20","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Fundamental Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-copyright-and-software-license","aoid":null,"title":"Copyright & Software License","titleHTML":"Copyright &amp; Software License","number":"A","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Copyright & Software License"}]</script><script>"use strict";
 
 function Search(menu) {
   this.menu = menu;
@@ -1851,7 +1851,7 @@
     display: none; 
   }
 }
-</style></head><body><div id="menu-toggle">☰</div><div id="menu-spacer"></div><div id="menu"><div id="menu-search"><input type="text" id="menu-search-box" placeholder="Search..."><div id="menu-search-results" class="inactive"></div></div><div id="menu-pins"><div class="menu-pane-header">Pins</div><ul id="menu-pins-list"></ul></div><div class="menu-pane-header">Table of Contents</div><div id="menu-toc"><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">6</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">8</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">9</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">10</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">11</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">12</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">13</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">14</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">15</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">16</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">17</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">18</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-fundamental-objects" title="Fundamental Objects"><span class="secnum">19</span> Fundamental Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">19.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">19.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">19.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">19.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-objects" title="Error Objects"><span class="secnum">19.5</span> Error Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-constructor" title="The Error Constructor"><span class="secnum">19.5.1</span> The Error Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-error-message" title="Error ( message [ , cause ] )"><span class="secnum">19.5.1.1</span> Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>cause</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">19.5.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">19.5.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">19.5.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">19.5.5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-object-structure" title="NativeError Object Structure"><span class="secnum">19.5.6</span> <var>NativeError</var> Object Structure</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-constructors" title="The NativeError Constructors"><span class="secnum">19.5.6.1</span> The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-nativeerror" title="NativeError ( message [ , cause ] )"><span class="secnum">19.5.6.1.1</span> <var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>cause</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error-objects" title="AggregateError Objects"><span class="secnum">19.5.7</span> AggregateError Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error-constructor" title="The AggregateError Constructor"><span class="secnum">19.5.7.1</span> The AggregateError Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error" title="AggregateError ( errors, message [ , cause ] )"><span class="secnum">19.5.7.1.1</span> AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>cause</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-copyright-and-software-license" title="Copyright &amp; Software License"><span class="secnum">A</span> Copyright &amp; Software License</a></li></ol></div></div><div id="spec-container"><h1 class="version first">Stage 1 Draft / January 25, 2021</h1><h1 class="title">Error Cause</h1>
+</style></head><body><div id="menu-toggle">☰</div><div id="menu-spacer"></div><div id="menu"><div id="menu-search"><input type="text" id="menu-search-box" placeholder="Search..."><div id="menu-search-results" class="inactive"></div></div><div id="menu-pins"><div class="menu-pane-header">Pins</div><ul id="menu-pins-list"></ul></div><div class="menu-pane-header">Table of Contents</div><div id="menu-toc"><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">6</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-abstract-operations" title="Abstract Operations"><span class="secnum">7</span> Abstract Operations</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-operations-on-objects" title="Operations on Objects"><span class="secnum">7.3</span> Operations on Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.6</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.7</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.8</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.9</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.10</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.11</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.12</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.13</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.14</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.15</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.16</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.17</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.18</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.19</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.20</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.21</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.22</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.23</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.24</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.25</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getoption" title="GetOption ( options, property )"><span class="secnum">7.3.26</span> <ins>GetOption ( <var>options</var>, <var>property</var> )</ins></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">8</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">9</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">10</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">11</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">12</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">13</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">14</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">15</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">16</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">17</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">18</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">19</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-fundamental-objects" title="Fundamental Objects"><span class="secnum">20</span> Fundamental Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-objects" title="Error Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5</span> Error Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-constructor" title="The Error Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.5.1</span> The Error Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-error-message" title="Error ( message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.1.1</span> Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-object-structure" title="NativeError Object Structure"><span class="secnum">20.5.6</span> <var>NativeError</var> Object Structure</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-constructors" title="The NativeError Constructors"><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1</span> The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-nativeerror" title="NativeError ( message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1.1</span> <var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error-objects" title="AggregateError Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5.7</span> AggregateError Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error-constructor" title="The AggregateError Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1</span> The AggregateError Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error" title="AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1.1</span> AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-copyright-and-software-license" title="Copyright &amp; Software License"><span class="secnum">A</span> Copyright &amp; Software License</a></li></ol></div></div><div id="spec-container"><h1 class="version first">Stage 1 Draft / February 26, 2021</h1><h1 class="title">Error Cause</h1>
 
 <style>
   #sec-placeholder, [href="#sec-placeholder"] {
@@ -1873,7 +1873,48 @@
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">6</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-<emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+
+<emu-clause id="sec-abstract-operations">
+  <h1><span class="secnum">7</span> Abstract Operations</h1>
+  <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+  <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+  <emu-clause id="sec-operations-on-objects">
+    <h1><span class="secnum">7.3</span> Operations on Objects</h1>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.6</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.7</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.8</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.9</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.10</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.11</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.12</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.13</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.14</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.15</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.16</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.17</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.18</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.19</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.20</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.21</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.22</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.23</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.24</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.25</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-getoption">
+        <h1><span class="secnum">7.3.26</span> <ins>GetOption ( <var>options</var>, <var>property</var> )</ins></h1>
+        <p><ins>The abstract operation GetOption extracts the value of the property named <var>property</var> from the provided <var>options</var> object.</ins></p>
+        <emu-alg><ol><li><ins>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>) is not Object, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Let <var>value</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_2"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <var>property</var>).</ins></li><li><ins>Return <var>value</var>.</ins></li></ol></emu-alg>
+    </emu-clause>
+  </emu-clause>
+
+
+</emu-clause>
+
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">8</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">9</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">10</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
@@ -1885,58 +1926,58 @@
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">16</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">17</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">18</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-
+<emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">19</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 
 <emu-clause id="sec-fundamental-objects">
-  <h1><span class="secnum">19</span> Fundamental Objects</h1>
+  <h1><span class="secnum">20</span> Fundamental Objects</h1>
 
-  <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">19.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-  <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">19.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-  <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">19.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-  <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">19.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+  <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">20.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+  <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">20.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+  <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">20.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+  <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">20.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
   <emu-clause id="sec-error-objects">
-    <h1><span class="secnum">19.5</span> Error Objects</h1>
+    <h1><span class="secnum">20.5</span> Error Objects</h1>
     <emu-clause id="sec-error-constructor">
-      <h1><span class="secnum">19.5.1</span> The Error Constructor</h1>
+      <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.1</span> The Error Constructor</h1>
 
       <emu-clause id="sec-error-message">
-        <h1><span class="secnum">19.5.1.1</span> Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>cause</var> ]</ins> )</h1>
+        <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.1.1</span> Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</h1>
 
-        <p>When the <code>Error</code> function is called with argument <var>message</var><ins> and <var>cause</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
+        <p>When the <code>Error</code> function is called with argument <var>message</var><ins> and <var>options</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
 
-        <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_1"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%Error.prototype%"</code>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_2"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_3"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"message"</code>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</li></ol></li><li><ins>If <var>cause</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>causeDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>cause</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_4"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>causeDesc</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li>Return O.</li></ol></emu-alg>
+        <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_3"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%Error.prototype%"</code>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_4"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_5"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"message"</code>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</li></ol></li><li><ins>Let <var>cause</var> be ?&nbsp;GetOption(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>)</ins></li><li><ins>If <var>cause</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>causeDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>cause</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_6"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>causeDesc</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li>Return O.</li></ol></emu-alg>
       </emu-clause>
 
     </emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">19.5.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">19.5.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">19.5.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">19.5.5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">20.5.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">20.5.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">20.5.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">20.5.5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
     <emu-clause id="sec-nativeerror-object-structure">
-      <h1><span class="secnum">19.5.6</span> <var>NativeError</var> Object Structure</h1>
+      <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.6</span> <var>NativeError</var> Object Structure</h1>
 
       <emu-clause id="sec-nativeerror-constructors">
-        <h1><span class="secnum">19.5.6.1</span> The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors</h1>
+        <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1</span> The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors</h1>
 
         <emu-clause id="sec-nativeerror">
-          <h1><span class="secnum">19.5.6.1.1</span> <var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>cause</var> ]</ins> )</h1>
-          <p>When a <var>NativeError</var> function is called with argument <var>message</var><ins> and <var>cause</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
-          <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li id="step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_5"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%<var>NativeError</var>.prototype%"</code>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_6"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_7"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</li></ol></li><li><ins>If <var>cause</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>causeDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>cause</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_8"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>causeDesc</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li>Return <var>O</var>.</li></ol></emu-alg>
+          <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1.1</span> <var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</h1>
+          <p>When a <var>NativeError</var> function is called with argument <var>message</var><ins> and <var>options</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
+          <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li id="step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_7"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%<var>NativeError</var>.prototype%"</code>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_8"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_9"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</li></ol></li><li><ins>Let <var>cause</var> be ?&nbsp;GetOption(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>)</ins></li><li><ins>If <var>cause</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>causeDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>cause</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_10"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>causeDesc</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li>Return <var>O</var>.</li></ol></emu-alg>
           <p>The actual value of the string passed in step <emu-xref href="#step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor" id="_ref_0"><a href="#step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">2</a></emu-xref> is either <emu-val>"%EvalError.prototype%"</emu-val>, <emu-val>"%RangeError.prototype%"</emu-val>, <emu-val>"%ReferenceError.prototype%"</emu-val>, <emu-val>"%SyntaxError.prototype%"</emu-val>, <emu-val>"%TypeError.prototype%"</emu-val>, or <emu-val>"%URIError.prototype%"</emu-val> corresponding to which <var>NativeError</var> <emu-xref href="#constructor"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> is being defined.</p>
         </emu-clause>
       </emu-clause>
     </emu-clause>
 
     <emu-clause id="sec-aggregate-error-objects">
-      <h1><span class="secnum">19.5.7</span> AggregateError Objects</h1>
+      <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.7</span> AggregateError Objects</h1>
 
       <emu-clause id="sec-aggregate-error-constructor">
-        <h1><span class="secnum">19.5.7.1</span> The AggregateError Constructor</h1>
+        <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1</span> The AggregateError Constructor</h1>
 
         <emu-clause id="sec-aggregate-error">
-          <h1><span class="secnum">19.5.7.1.1</span> AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>cause</var> ]</ins> )</h1>
-          <p>When the <emu-val>AggregateError</emu-val> function is called with arguments <var>errors</var><del> and</del><ins>,</ins> <var>message</var><ins>, and <var>cause</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
-          <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_9"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <emu-val>"%AggregateError.prototype%"</emu-val>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_10"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_11"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</li></ol></li><li><ins>If <var>cause</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>causeDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>cause</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_12"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>causeDesc</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li>Let <var>errorsList</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="IterableToList" id="_ref_13"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-iterabletolist">IterableToList</a></emu-xref>(<var>errors</var>).</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_14"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"errors"</emu-val>, PropertyDescriptor { [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Value]]: !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="CreateArrayFromList" id="_ref_15"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-createarrayfromlist">CreateArrayFromList</a></emu-xref>(<var>errorsList</var>) }).</li><li>Return <var>O</var>.</li></ol></emu-alg>
+          <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1.1</span> AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</h1>
+          <p>When the <emu-val>AggregateError</emu-val> function is called with arguments <var>errors</var><del> and</del><ins>,</ins> <var>message</var><ins>, and <var>options</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
+          <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_11"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <emu-val>"%AggregateError.prototype%"</emu-val>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_12"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_13"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</li></ol></li><li><ins>Let <var>cause</var> be ?&nbsp;GetOption(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>)</ins></li><li><ins>If <var>cause</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>causeDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>cause</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_14"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>causeDesc</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li>Let <var>errorsList</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="IterableToList" id="_ref_15"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-iterabletolist">IterableToList</a></emu-xref>(<var>errors</var>).</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_16"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"errors"</emu-val>, PropertyDescriptor { [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Value]]: !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="CreateArrayFromList" id="_ref_17"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-createarrayfromlist">CreateArrayFromList</a></emu-xref>(<var>errorsList</var>) }).</li><li>Return <var>O</var>.</li></ol></emu-alg>
         </emu-clause>
       </emu-clause>
     </emu-clause>

From e79283bce3256a04ae637af5bbec854f6f311a7d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: legendecas <legendecas@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Mar 2021 11:10:58 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 03/13] fixup: define cause if options.cause is present

---
 spec.emu | 75 ++++++++++++--------------------------------------------
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-)

diff --git a/spec.emu b/spec.emu
index 7411ee9..9c66cc2 100644
--- a/spec.emu
+++ b/spec.emu
@@ -29,53 +29,7 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-
-<emu-clause id="sec-abstract-operations">
-  <h1>Abstract Operations</h1>
-  <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-  <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-  <emu-clause id="sec-operations-on-objects">
-    <h1>Operations on Objects</h1>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-getoption">
-        <h1><ins>GetOption ( _options_, _property_ )</ins></h1>
-        <p><ins>The abstract operation GetOption extracts the value of the property named _property_ from the provided _options_ object.</ins></p>
-        <emu-alg>
-          1. <ins>If Type(_options_) is not Object, then</ins>
-            1. <ins>Return *undefined*.</ins>
-          1. <ins>Let _value_ be ? Get(_options_, _property_).</ins>
-          1. <ins>Return _value_.</ins>
-        </emu-alg>
-    </emu-clause>
-  </emu-clause>
-
-
-</emu-clause>
-
+<emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
@@ -113,10 +67,11 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
             1. Let _msg_ be ? ToString(_message_).
             1. Let _msgDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _msg_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.
             1. Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, `"message"`, _msgDesc_).
-          1. <ins>Let _cause_ be ? GetOption(_options_, `"cause"`)</ins>
-          1. <ins>If _cause_ is not *undefined*, then</ins>
-            1. <ins>Let _causeDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _cause_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</ins>
-            1. <ins>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, `"cause"`, _causeDesc_).</ins>
+          1. <ins>If Type(_options_) is Object, then</ins>
+            1. <ins>If ? HasProperty(_options_, `"cause"`) is *true*, then</ins>
+              1. <ins>Let _cause_ be ? Get(_options_, `"cause"`)</ins>
+              1. <ins>Let _causeDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _cause_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</ins>
+              1. <ins>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, `"cause"`, _causeDesc_).</ins>
           1. Return O.
         </emu-alg>
       </emu-clause>
@@ -142,10 +97,11 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
               1. Let _msg_ be ? ToString(_message_).
               1. Let _msgDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _msg_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.
               1. Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, *"message"*, _msgDesc_).
-            1. <ins>Let _cause_ be ? GetOption(_options_, `"cause"`)</ins>
-            1. <ins>If _cause_ is not *undefined*, then</ins>
-              1. <ins>Let _causeDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _cause_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</ins>
-              1. <ins>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, `"cause"`, _causeDesc_).</ins>
+            1. <ins>If Type(_options_) is Object, then</ins>
+              1. <ins>If ? HasProperty(_options_, `"cause"`) is *true*, then</ins>
+                1. <ins>Let _cause_ be ? Get(_options_, `"cause"`)</ins>
+                1. <ins>Let _causeDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _cause_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</ins>
+                1. <ins>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, `"cause"`, _causeDesc_).</ins>
             1. Return _O_.
           </emu-alg>
           <p>The actual value of the string passed in step <emu-xref href="#step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor"></emu-xref> is either *"%EvalError.prototype%"*, *"%RangeError.prototype%"*, *"%ReferenceError.prototype%"*, *"%SyntaxError.prototype%"*, *"%TypeError.prototype%"*, or *"%URIError.prototype%"* corresponding to which _NativeError_ constructor is being defined.</p>
@@ -169,10 +125,11 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
               1. Let _msg_ be ? ToString(_message_).
               1. Let _msgDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _msg_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.
               1. Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, *"message"*, _msgDesc_).
-            1. <ins>Let _cause_ be ? GetOption(_options_, `"cause"`)</ins>
-            1. <ins>If _cause_ is not *undefined*, then</ins>
-              1. <ins>Let _causeDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _cause_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</ins>
-              1. <ins>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, `"cause"`, _causeDesc_).</ins>
+            1. <ins>If Type(_options_) is Object, then</ins>
+              1. <ins>If ? HasProperty(_options_, `"cause"`) is *true*, then</ins>
+                1. <ins>Let _cause_ be ? Get(_options_, `"cause"`)</ins>
+                1. <ins>Let _causeDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _cause_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</ins>
+                1. <ins>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, `"cause"`, _causeDesc_).</ins>
             1. Let _errorsList_ be ? IterableToList(_errors_).
             1. Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, *"errors"*, PropertyDescriptor { [[Configurable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Value]]: ! CreateArrayFromList(_errorsList_) }).
             1. Return _O_.

From ec4e97ad01f8386cc716e306a75d6c07b749cdef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: legendecas <legendecas@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Mar 2021 03:18:09 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 04/13] fixup: [spec] `npm run build`

---
 index.html | 53 ++++++-----------------------------------------------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-)

diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 455d4bc..648d035 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="./spec.css">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/8.4/styles/github.min.css">
 <script src="./spec.js"></script>
-<title>Error Cause</title><script type="application/json" id="menu-search-biblio">[{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.8","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.9","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.10","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.11","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.12","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.13","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.14","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.15","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.16","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.17","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.18","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.19","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.20","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.21","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.22","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.23","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.24","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.25","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-getoption","aoid":null,"title":"GetOption ( options, property )","titleHTML":"<ins>GetOption ( <var>options</var>, <var>property</var> )</ins>","number":"7.3.26","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"GetOption ( options, property )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-operations-on-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Operations on Objects","titleHTML":"Operations on Objects","number":"7.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Operations on Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-abstract-operations","aoid":null,"title":"Abstract Operations","titleHTML":"Abstract Operations","number":"7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Abstract Operations"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"8","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"9","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"10","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"11","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"12","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"13","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"14","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"15","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"16","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"17","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"18","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"19","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-message","aoid":null,"title":"Error ( message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Error ( message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-constructor","aoid":null,"title":"The Error Constructor","titleHTML":"The Error Constructor","number":"20.5.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The Error Constructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"step","id":"step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor","stepNumbers":[2],"referencingIds":["_ref_0"],"namespace":"<no location>","location":"","key":"step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror","aoid":null,"title":"NativeError ( message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"<var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.6.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"NativeError ( message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror-constructors","aoid":null,"title":"The NativeError Constructors","titleHTML":"The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors","number":"20.5.6.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The NativeError Constructors"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror-object-structure","aoid":null,"title":"NativeError Object Structure","titleHTML":"<var>NativeError</var> Object Structure","number":"20.5.6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"NativeError Object Structure"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error","aoid":null,"title":"AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.7.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error-constructor","aoid":null,"title":"The AggregateError Constructor","titleHTML":"The AggregateError Constructor","number":"20.5.7.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The AggregateError Constructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error-objects","aoid":null,"title":"AggregateError Objects","titleHTML":"AggregateError Objects","number":"20.5.7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"AggregateError Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Error Objects","titleHTML":"Error Objects","number":"20.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Error Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-fundamental-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Fundamental Objects","titleHTML":"Fundamental Objects","number":"20","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Fundamental Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-copyright-and-software-license","aoid":null,"title":"Copyright & Software License","titleHTML":"Copyright &amp; Software License","number":"A","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Copyright & Software License"}]</script><script>"use strict";
+<title>Error Cause</title><script type="application/json" id="menu-search-biblio">[{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"8","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"9","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"10","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"11","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"12","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"13","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"14","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"15","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"16","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"17","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"18","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"19","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-message","aoid":null,"title":"Error ( message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Error ( message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-constructor","aoid":null,"title":"The Error Constructor","titleHTML":"The Error Constructor","number":"20.5.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The Error Constructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"step","id":"step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor","stepNumbers":[2],"referencingIds":["_ref_0"],"namespace":"<no location>","location":"","key":"step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror","aoid":null,"title":"NativeError ( message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"<var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.6.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"NativeError ( message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror-constructors","aoid":null,"title":"The NativeError Constructors","titleHTML":"The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors","number":"20.5.6.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The NativeError Constructors"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror-object-structure","aoid":null,"title":"NativeError Object Structure","titleHTML":"<var>NativeError</var> Object Structure","number":"20.5.6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"NativeError Object Structure"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error","aoid":null,"title":"AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.7.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error-constructor","aoid":null,"title":"The AggregateError Constructor","titleHTML":"The AggregateError Constructor","number":"20.5.7.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The AggregateError Constructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error-objects","aoid":null,"title":"AggregateError Objects","titleHTML":"AggregateError Objects","number":"20.5.7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"AggregateError Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Error Objects","titleHTML":"Error Objects","number":"20.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Error Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-fundamental-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Fundamental Objects","titleHTML":"Fundamental Objects","number":"20","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Fundamental Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-copyright-and-software-license","aoid":null,"title":"Copyright & Software License","titleHTML":"Copyright &amp; Software License","number":"A","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Copyright & Software License"}]</script><script>"use strict";
 
 function Search(menu) {
   this.menu = menu;
@@ -1851,7 +1851,7 @@
     display: none; 
   }
 }
-</style></head><body><div id="menu-toggle">☰</div><div id="menu-spacer"></div><div id="menu"><div id="menu-search"><input type="text" id="menu-search-box" placeholder="Search..."><div id="menu-search-results" class="inactive"></div></div><div id="menu-pins"><div class="menu-pane-header">Pins</div><ul id="menu-pins-list"></ul></div><div class="menu-pane-header">Table of Contents</div><div id="menu-toc"><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">6</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-abstract-operations" title="Abstract Operations"><span class="secnum">7</span> Abstract Operations</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-operations-on-objects" title="Operations on Objects"><span class="secnum">7.3</span> Operations on Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.6</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.7</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.8</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.9</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.10</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.11</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.12</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.13</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.14</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.15</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.16</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.17</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.18</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.19</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.20</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.21</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.22</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.23</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.24</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.25</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-getoption" title="GetOption ( options, property )"><span class="secnum">7.3.26</span> <ins>GetOption ( <var>options</var>, <var>property</var> )</ins></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">8</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">9</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">10</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">11</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">12</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">13</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">14</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">15</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">16</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">17</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">18</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">19</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-fundamental-objects" title="Fundamental Objects"><span class="secnum">20</span> Fundamental Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-objects" title="Error Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5</span> Error Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-constructor" title="The Error Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.5.1</span> The Error Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-error-message" title="Error ( message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.1.1</span> Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-object-structure" title="NativeError Object Structure"><span class="secnum">20.5.6</span> <var>NativeError</var> Object Structure</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-constructors" title="The NativeError Constructors"><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1</span> The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-nativeerror" title="NativeError ( message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1.1</span> <var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error-objects" title="AggregateError Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5.7</span> AggregateError Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error-constructor" title="The AggregateError Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1</span> The AggregateError Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error" title="AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1.1</span> AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-copyright-and-software-license" title="Copyright &amp; Software License"><span class="secnum">A</span> Copyright &amp; Software License</a></li></ol></div></div><div id="spec-container"><h1 class="version first">Stage 1 Draft / February 26, 2021</h1><h1 class="title">Error Cause</h1>
+</style></head><body><div id="menu-toggle">☰</div><div id="menu-spacer"></div><div id="menu"><div id="menu-search"><input type="text" id="menu-search-box" placeholder="Search..."><div id="menu-search-results" class="inactive"></div></div><div id="menu-pins"><div class="menu-pane-header">Pins</div><ul id="menu-pins-list"></ul></div><div class="menu-pane-header">Table of Contents</div><div id="menu-toc"><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">6</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">8</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">9</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">10</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">11</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">12</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">13</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">14</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">15</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">16</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">17</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">18</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">19</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-fundamental-objects" title="Fundamental Objects"><span class="secnum">20</span> Fundamental Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-objects" title="Error Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5</span> Error Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-constructor" title="The Error Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.5.1</span> The Error Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-error-message" title="Error ( message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.1.1</span> Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-object-structure" title="NativeError Object Structure"><span class="secnum">20.5.6</span> <var>NativeError</var> Object Structure</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-constructors" title="The NativeError Constructors"><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1</span> The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-nativeerror" title="NativeError ( message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1.1</span> <var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error-objects" title="AggregateError Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5.7</span> AggregateError Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error-constructor" title="The AggregateError Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1</span> The AggregateError Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error" title="AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1.1</span> AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-copyright-and-software-license" title="Copyright &amp; Software License"><span class="secnum">A</span> Copyright &amp; Software License</a></li></ol></div></div><div id="spec-container"><h1 class="version first">Stage 1 Draft / March 1, 2021</h1><h1 class="title">Error Cause</h1>
 
 <style>
   #sec-placeholder, [href="#sec-placeholder"] {
@@ -1873,48 +1873,7 @@
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">6</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-
-<emu-clause id="sec-abstract-operations">
-  <h1><span class="secnum">7</span> Abstract Operations</h1>
-  <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-  <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-  <emu-clause id="sec-operations-on-objects">
-    <h1><span class="secnum">7.3</span> Operations on Objects</h1>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.6</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.7</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.8</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.9</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.10</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.11</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.12</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.13</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.14</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.15</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.16</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.17</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.18</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.19</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.20</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.21</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.22</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.23</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.24</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.25</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-    <emu-clause id="sec-getoption">
-        <h1><span class="secnum">7.3.26</span> <ins>GetOption ( <var>options</var>, <var>property</var> )</ins></h1>
-        <p><ins>The abstract operation GetOption extracts the value of the property named <var>property</var> from the provided <var>options</var> object.</ins></p>
-        <emu-alg><ol><li><ins>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>) is not Object, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Let <var>value</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_2"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <var>property</var>).</ins></li><li><ins>Return <var>value</var>.</ins></li></ol></emu-alg>
-    </emu-clause>
-  </emu-clause>
-
-
-</emu-clause>
-
+<emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">8</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">9</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">10</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
@@ -1945,7 +1904,7 @@ <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.1.1</span> Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <va
 
         <p>When the <code>Error</code> function is called with argument <var>message</var><ins> and <var>options</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
 
-        <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_3"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%Error.prototype%"</code>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_4"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_5"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"message"</code>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</li></ol></li><li><ins>Let <var>cause</var> be ?&nbsp;GetOption(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>)</ins></li><li><ins>If <var>cause</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>causeDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>cause</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_6"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>causeDesc</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li>Return O.</li></ol></emu-alg>
+        <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_1"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%Error.prototype%"</code>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_2"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_3"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"message"</code>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</li></ol></li><li><ins>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_4"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>) is Object, then</ins><ol><li><ins>If ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasProperty" id="_ref_5"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-hasproperty">HasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>cause</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_6"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>)</ins></li><li><ins>Let <var>causeDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>cause</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_7"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>causeDesc</var>).</ins></li></ol></li></ol></li><li>Return O.</li></ol></emu-alg>
       </emu-clause>
 
     </emu-clause>
@@ -1962,7 +1921,7 @@ <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1</span> The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors
         <emu-clause id="sec-nativeerror">
           <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1.1</span> <var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</h1>
           <p>When a <var>NativeError</var> function is called with argument <var>message</var><ins> and <var>options</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
-          <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li id="step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_7"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%<var>NativeError</var>.prototype%"</code>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_8"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_9"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</li></ol></li><li><ins>Let <var>cause</var> be ?&nbsp;GetOption(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>)</ins></li><li><ins>If <var>cause</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>causeDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>cause</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_10"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>causeDesc</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li>Return <var>O</var>.</li></ol></emu-alg>
+          <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li id="step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_8"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%<var>NativeError</var>.prototype%"</code>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_9"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_10"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</li></ol></li><li><ins>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_11"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>) is Object, then</ins><ol><li><ins>If ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasProperty" id="_ref_12"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-hasproperty">HasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>cause</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_13"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>)</ins></li><li><ins>Let <var>causeDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>cause</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_14"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>causeDesc</var>).</ins></li></ol></li></ol></li><li>Return <var>O</var>.</li></ol></emu-alg>
           <p>The actual value of the string passed in step <emu-xref href="#step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor" id="_ref_0"><a href="#step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">2</a></emu-xref> is either <emu-val>"%EvalError.prototype%"</emu-val>, <emu-val>"%RangeError.prototype%"</emu-val>, <emu-val>"%ReferenceError.prototype%"</emu-val>, <emu-val>"%SyntaxError.prototype%"</emu-val>, <emu-val>"%TypeError.prototype%"</emu-val>, or <emu-val>"%URIError.prototype%"</emu-val> corresponding to which <var>NativeError</var> <emu-xref href="#constructor"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> is being defined.</p>
         </emu-clause>
       </emu-clause>
@@ -1977,7 +1936,7 @@ <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1</span> The AggregateError Constructor</h1>
         <emu-clause id="sec-aggregate-error">
           <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1.1</span> AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</h1>
           <p>When the <emu-val>AggregateError</emu-val> function is called with arguments <var>errors</var><del> and</del><ins>,</ins> <var>message</var><ins>, and <var>options</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
-          <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_11"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <emu-val>"%AggregateError.prototype%"</emu-val>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_12"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_13"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</li></ol></li><li><ins>Let <var>cause</var> be ?&nbsp;GetOption(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>)</ins></li><li><ins>If <var>cause</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>causeDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>cause</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_14"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>causeDesc</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li>Let <var>errorsList</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="IterableToList" id="_ref_15"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-iterabletolist">IterableToList</a></emu-xref>(<var>errors</var>).</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_16"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"errors"</emu-val>, PropertyDescriptor { [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Value]]: !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="CreateArrayFromList" id="_ref_17"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-createarrayfromlist">CreateArrayFromList</a></emu-xref>(<var>errorsList</var>) }).</li><li>Return <var>O</var>.</li></ol></emu-alg>
+          <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_15"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <emu-val>"%AggregateError.prototype%"</emu-val>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_16"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_17"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</li></ol></li><li><ins>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_18"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>) is Object, then</ins><ol><li><ins>If ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasProperty" id="_ref_19"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-hasproperty">HasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>cause</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_20"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>)</ins></li><li><ins>Let <var>causeDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>cause</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_21"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>causeDesc</var>).</ins></li></ol></li></ol></li><li>Let <var>errorsList</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="IterableToList" id="_ref_22"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-iterabletolist">IterableToList</a></emu-xref>(<var>errors</var>).</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_23"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"errors"</emu-val>, PropertyDescriptor { [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Value]]: !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="CreateArrayFromList" id="_ref_24"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-createarrayfromlist">CreateArrayFromList</a></emu-xref>(<var>errorsList</var>) }).</li><li>Return <var>O</var>.</li></ol></emu-alg>
         </emu-clause>
       </emu-clause>
     </emu-clause>

From 00d90be5e764ea95a59233fd793297997c6e05c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: legendecas <legendecas@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Mar 2021 14:37:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 05/13] fixup: create abstract operations for error objects

---
 spec.emu | 60 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 39 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/spec.emu b/spec.emu
index 9c66cc2..ac08fee 100644
--- a/spec.emu
+++ b/spec.emu
@@ -65,13 +65,10 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
           1. Let _O_ be ? OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor(_newTarget_, `"%Error.prototype%"`, « [[ErrorData]] »).
           1. If _message_ is not *undefined*, then
             1. Let _msg_ be ? ToString(_message_).
-            1. Let _msgDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _msg_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.
-            1. Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, `"message"`, _msgDesc_).
-          1. <ins>If Type(_options_) is Object, then</ins>
-            1. <ins>If ? HasProperty(_options_, `"cause"`) is *true*, then</ins>
-              1. <ins>Let _cause_ be ? Get(_options_, `"cause"`)</ins>
-              1. <ins>Let _causeDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _cause_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</ins>
-              1. <ins>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, `"cause"`, _causeDesc_).</ins>
+            1. <del>Let _msgDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _msg_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</del>
+            1. <del>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, *"message"*, _msgDesc_).</del>
+            1. <ins>Perform ! CreateErrorObjectProperty(_O_, *"message"*, _msg_).</ins>
+          1. <ins>Perform ? ExtractErrorCause(_O_, _options_) </ins>
           1. Return O.
         </emu-alg>
       </emu-clause>
@@ -95,13 +92,10 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
             1. [id="step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor"] Let _O_ be ? OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor(_newTarget_, <code>"%<var>NativeError</var>.prototype%"</code>, &laquo; [[ErrorData]] &raquo;).
             1. If _message_ is not *undefined*, then
               1. Let _msg_ be ? ToString(_message_).
-              1. Let _msgDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _msg_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.
-              1. Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, *"message"*, _msgDesc_).
-            1. <ins>If Type(_options_) is Object, then</ins>
-              1. <ins>If ? HasProperty(_options_, `"cause"`) is *true*, then</ins>
-                1. <ins>Let _cause_ be ? Get(_options_, `"cause"`)</ins>
-                1. <ins>Let _causeDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _cause_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</ins>
-                1. <ins>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, `"cause"`, _causeDesc_).</ins>
+              1. <del>Let _msgDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _msg_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</del>
+              1. <del>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, *"message"*, _msgDesc_).</del>
+              1. <ins>Perform ! CreateErrorObjectProperty(_O_, *"message"*, _msg_).</ins>
+            1. <ins>Perform ? ExtractErrorCause(_O_, _options_) </ins>
             1. Return _O_.
           </emu-alg>
           <p>The actual value of the string passed in step <emu-xref href="#step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor"></emu-xref> is either *"%EvalError.prototype%"*, *"%RangeError.prototype%"*, *"%ReferenceError.prototype%"*, *"%SyntaxError.prototype%"*, *"%TypeError.prototype%"*, or *"%URIError.prototype%"* corresponding to which _NativeError_ constructor is being defined.</p>
@@ -123,13 +117,10 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
             1. Let _O_ be ? OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor(_newTarget_, *"%AggregateError.prototype%"*, &laquo; [[ErrorData]] &raquo;).
             1. If _message_ is not *undefined*, then
               1. Let _msg_ be ? ToString(_message_).
-              1. Let _msgDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _msg_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.
-              1. Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, *"message"*, _msgDesc_).
-            1. <ins>If Type(_options_) is Object, then</ins>
-              1. <ins>If ? HasProperty(_options_, `"cause"`) is *true*, then</ins>
-                1. <ins>Let _cause_ be ? Get(_options_, `"cause"`)</ins>
-                1. <ins>Let _causeDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _cause_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</ins>
-                1. <ins>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, `"cause"`, _causeDesc_).</ins>
+              1. <del>Let _msgDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _msg_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</del>
+              1. <del>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, *"message"*, _msgDesc_).</del>
+              1. <ins>Perform ! CreateErrorObjectProperty(_O_, *"message"*, _msg_).</ins>
+            1. <ins>Perform ? ExtractErrorCause(_O_, _options_) </ins>
             1. Let _errorsList_ be ? IterableToList(_errors_).
             1. Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, *"errors"*, PropertyDescriptor { [[Configurable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Value]]: ! CreateArrayFromList(_errorsList_) }).
             1. Return _O_.
@@ -137,5 +128,32 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
         </emu-clause>
       </emu-clause>
     </emu-clause>
+
+    <emu-clause id="sec-errorobjects-abstracts">
+      <h1>Abstract Operations for Error Objects</h1>
+
+      <emu-clause id="sec-errorobjects-create-property">
+        <h1><ins>CreateErrorObjectProperty ( _O_, _P_, _V_ )</ins></h1>
+        <p><ins>The abstract operation CreateErrorObjectProperty takes arguments _O_ (an Object), _P_ (a property key), and _V_ (an ECMAScript language value). It performs the following steps when called:</ins></p>
+        <emu-alg>
+          1. <ins>Assert: Type(_O_) is Object.</ins>
+          1. <ins>Assert: IsPropertyKey(_P_) is true.</ins>
+          1. <ins>Let _newDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _V_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</ins>
+          1. <ins>Return DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, _P_, _newDesc_).</ins>
+        </emu-alg>
+      </emu-clause>
+
+      <emu-clause id="sec-errorobjects-extract-error-cause">
+        <h1><ins>ExtractErrorCause ( _O_, _options_ )</ins></h1>
+        <p><ins>The abstract operation ExtractErrorCause takes argument _O_ and _options_. It is used to create `"cause"` property on _O_ when the `"cause"` property is present on _options_. It performs the following steps when called:</ins></p>
+        <emu-alg>
+          1. <ins>Assert: Type(_O_) is Object.</ins>
+          1. <ins>If Type(_options_) is Object and ? HasProperty(_options_, `"cause"`) is *true*, then</ins>
+            1. <ins>Let _cause_ be ? Get(_options_, `"cause"`)</ins>
+            1. <ins>Perform ! CreateErrorObjectProperty(_O_, `"cause"`, _cause_).</ins>
+          1. <ins>Return *undefined*.</ins>
+        </emu-alg>
+      </emu-clause>
+    </emu-clause>
   </emu-clause>
 </emu-clause>

From a344b36f7ae24af02fc27830f2da7edcd89e2883 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: legendecas <legendecas@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Mar 2021 06:38:55 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 06/13] fixup: [spec] `npm run build`

---
 index.html | 26 +++++++++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 648d035..97d1c06 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="./spec.css">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/8.4/styles/github.min.css">
 <script src="./spec.js"></script>
-<title>Error Cause</title><script type="application/json" id="menu-search-biblio">[{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"8","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"9","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"10","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"11","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"12","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"13","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"14","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"15","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"16","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"17","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"18","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"19","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-message","aoid":null,"title":"Error ( message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Error ( message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-constructor","aoid":null,"title":"The Error Constructor","titleHTML":"The Error Constructor","number":"20.5.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The Error Constructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"step","id":"step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor","stepNumbers":[2],"referencingIds":["_ref_0"],"namespace":"<no location>","location":"","key":"step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror","aoid":null,"title":"NativeError ( message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"<var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.6.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"NativeError ( message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror-constructors","aoid":null,"title":"The NativeError Constructors","titleHTML":"The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors","number":"20.5.6.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The NativeError Constructors"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror-object-structure","aoid":null,"title":"NativeError Object Structure","titleHTML":"<var>NativeError</var> Object Structure","number":"20.5.6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"NativeError Object Structure"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error","aoid":null,"title":"AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.7.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error-constructor","aoid":null,"title":"The AggregateError Constructor","titleHTML":"The AggregateError Constructor","number":"20.5.7.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The AggregateError Constructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error-objects","aoid":null,"title":"AggregateError Objects","titleHTML":"AggregateError Objects","number":"20.5.7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"AggregateError Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Error Objects","titleHTML":"Error Objects","number":"20.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Error Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-fundamental-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Fundamental Objects","titleHTML":"Fundamental Objects","number":"20","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Fundamental Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-copyright-and-software-license","aoid":null,"title":"Copyright & Software License","titleHTML":"Copyright &amp; Software License","number":"A","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Copyright & Software License"}]</script><script>"use strict";
+<title>Error Cause</title><script type="application/json" id="menu-search-biblio">[{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"8","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"9","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"10","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"11","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"12","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"13","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"14","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"15","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"16","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"17","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"18","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"19","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-message","aoid":null,"title":"Error ( message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Error ( message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-constructor","aoid":null,"title":"The Error Constructor","titleHTML":"The Error Constructor","number":"20.5.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The Error Constructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"step","id":"step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor","stepNumbers":[2],"referencingIds":["_ref_0"],"namespace":"<no location>","location":"","key":"step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror","aoid":null,"title":"NativeError ( message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"<var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.6.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"NativeError ( message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror-constructors","aoid":null,"title":"The NativeError Constructors","titleHTML":"The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors","number":"20.5.6.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The NativeError Constructors"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror-object-structure","aoid":null,"title":"NativeError Object Structure","titleHTML":"<var>NativeError</var> Object Structure","number":"20.5.6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"NativeError Object Structure"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error","aoid":null,"title":"AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.7.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error-constructor","aoid":null,"title":"The AggregateError Constructor","titleHTML":"The AggregateError Constructor","number":"20.5.7.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The AggregateError Constructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error-objects","aoid":null,"title":"AggregateError Objects","titleHTML":"AggregateError Objects","number":"20.5.7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"AggregateError Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-errorobjects-create-property","aoid":null,"title":"CreateErrorObjectProperty ( O, P, V )","titleHTML":"<ins>CreateErrorObjectProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var> )</ins>","number":"20.5.8.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"CreateErrorObjectProperty ( O, P, V )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-errorobjects-extract-error-cause","aoid":null,"title":"ExtractErrorCause ( O, options )","titleHTML":"<ins>ExtractErrorCause ( <var>O</var>, <var>options</var> )</ins>","number":"20.5.8.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"ExtractErrorCause ( O, options )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-errorobjects-abstracts","aoid":null,"title":"Abstract Operations for Error Objects","titleHTML":"Abstract Operations for Error Objects","number":"20.5.8","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Abstract Operations for Error Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Error Objects","titleHTML":"Error Objects","number":"20.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Error Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-fundamental-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Fundamental Objects","titleHTML":"Fundamental Objects","number":"20","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Fundamental Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-copyright-and-software-license","aoid":null,"title":"Copyright & Software License","titleHTML":"Copyright &amp; Software License","number":"A","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Copyright & Software License"}]</script><script>"use strict";
 
 function Search(menu) {
   this.menu = menu;
@@ -1851,7 +1851,7 @@
     display: none; 
   }
 }
-</style></head><body><div id="menu-toggle">☰</div><div id="menu-spacer"></div><div id="menu"><div id="menu-search"><input type="text" id="menu-search-box" placeholder="Search..."><div id="menu-search-results" class="inactive"></div></div><div id="menu-pins"><div class="menu-pane-header">Pins</div><ul id="menu-pins-list"></ul></div><div class="menu-pane-header">Table of Contents</div><div id="menu-toc"><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">6</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">8</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">9</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">10</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">11</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">12</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">13</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">14</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">15</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">16</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">17</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">18</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">19</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-fundamental-objects" title="Fundamental Objects"><span class="secnum">20</span> Fundamental Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-objects" title="Error Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5</span> Error Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-constructor" title="The Error Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.5.1</span> The Error Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-error-message" title="Error ( message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.1.1</span> Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-object-structure" title="NativeError Object Structure"><span class="secnum">20.5.6</span> <var>NativeError</var> Object Structure</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-constructors" title="The NativeError Constructors"><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1</span> The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-nativeerror" title="NativeError ( message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1.1</span> <var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error-objects" title="AggregateError Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5.7</span> AggregateError Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error-constructor" title="The AggregateError Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1</span> The AggregateError Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error" title="AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1.1</span> AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-copyright-and-software-license" title="Copyright &amp; Software License"><span class="secnum">A</span> Copyright &amp; Software License</a></li></ol></div></div><div id="spec-container"><h1 class="version first">Stage 1 Draft / March 1, 2021</h1><h1 class="title">Error Cause</h1>
+</style></head><body><div id="menu-toggle">☰</div><div id="menu-spacer"></div><div id="menu"><div id="menu-search"><input type="text" id="menu-search-box" placeholder="Search..."><div id="menu-search-results" class="inactive"></div></div><div id="menu-pins"><div class="menu-pane-header">Pins</div><ul id="menu-pins-list"></ul></div><div class="menu-pane-header">Table of Contents</div><div id="menu-toc"><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">6</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">8</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">9</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">10</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">11</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">12</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">13</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">14</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">15</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">16</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">17</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">18</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">19</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-fundamental-objects" title="Fundamental Objects"><span class="secnum">20</span> Fundamental Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-objects" title="Error Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5</span> Error Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-constructor" title="The Error Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.5.1</span> The Error Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-error-message" title="Error ( message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.1.1</span> Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-object-structure" title="NativeError Object Structure"><span class="secnum">20.5.6</span> <var>NativeError</var> Object Structure</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-constructors" title="The NativeError Constructors"><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1</span> The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-nativeerror" title="NativeError ( message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1.1</span> <var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error-objects" title="AggregateError Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5.7</span> AggregateError Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error-constructor" title="The AggregateError Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1</span> The AggregateError Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error" title="AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1.1</span> AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-errorobjects-abstracts" title="Abstract Operations for Error Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5.8</span> Abstract Operations for Error Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-errorobjects-create-property" title="CreateErrorObjectProperty ( O, P, V )"><span class="secnum">20.5.8.1</span> <ins>CreateErrorObjectProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var> )</ins></a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-errorobjects-extract-error-cause" title="ExtractErrorCause ( O, options )"><span class="secnum">20.5.8.2</span> <ins>ExtractErrorCause ( <var>O</var>, <var>options</var> )</ins></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-copyright-and-software-license" title="Copyright &amp; Software License"><span class="secnum">A</span> Copyright &amp; Software License</a></li></ol></div></div><div id="spec-container"><h1 class="version first">Stage 1 Draft / March 1, 2021</h1><h1 class="title">Error Cause</h1>
 
 <style>
   #sec-placeholder, [href="#sec-placeholder"] {
@@ -1904,7 +1904,7 @@ <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.1.1</span> Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <va
 
         <p>When the <code>Error</code> function is called with argument <var>message</var><ins> and <var>options</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
 
-        <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_1"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%Error.prototype%"</code>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_2"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_3"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"message"</code>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</li></ol></li><li><ins>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_4"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>) is Object, then</ins><ol><li><ins>If ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasProperty" id="_ref_5"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-hasproperty">HasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>cause</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_6"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>)</ins></li><li><ins>Let <var>causeDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>cause</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_7"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>causeDesc</var>).</ins></li></ol></li></ol></li><li>Return O.</li></ol></emu-alg>
+        <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_1"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%Error.prototype%"</code>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_2"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li><del>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</del></li><li><del>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_3"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</del></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateErrorObjectProperty(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msg</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Perform ?&nbsp;ExtractErrorCause(<var>O</var>, <var>options</var>) </ins></li><li>Return O.</li></ol></emu-alg>
       </emu-clause>
 
     </emu-clause>
@@ -1921,7 +1921,7 @@ <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1</span> The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors
         <emu-clause id="sec-nativeerror">
           <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1.1</span> <var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</h1>
           <p>When a <var>NativeError</var> function is called with argument <var>message</var><ins> and <var>options</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
-          <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li id="step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_8"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%<var>NativeError</var>.prototype%"</code>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_9"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_10"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</li></ol></li><li><ins>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_11"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>) is Object, then</ins><ol><li><ins>If ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasProperty" id="_ref_12"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-hasproperty">HasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>cause</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_13"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>)</ins></li><li><ins>Let <var>causeDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>cause</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_14"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>causeDesc</var>).</ins></li></ol></li></ol></li><li>Return <var>O</var>.</li></ol></emu-alg>
+          <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li id="step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_4"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%<var>NativeError</var>.prototype%"</code>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_5"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li><del>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</del></li><li><del>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_6"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</del></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateErrorObjectProperty(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msg</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Perform ?&nbsp;ExtractErrorCause(<var>O</var>, <var>options</var>) </ins></li><li>Return <var>O</var>.</li></ol></emu-alg>
           <p>The actual value of the string passed in step <emu-xref href="#step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor" id="_ref_0"><a href="#step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">2</a></emu-xref> is either <emu-val>"%EvalError.prototype%"</emu-val>, <emu-val>"%RangeError.prototype%"</emu-val>, <emu-val>"%ReferenceError.prototype%"</emu-val>, <emu-val>"%SyntaxError.prototype%"</emu-val>, <emu-val>"%TypeError.prototype%"</emu-val>, or <emu-val>"%URIError.prototype%"</emu-val> corresponding to which <var>NativeError</var> <emu-xref href="#constructor"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> is being defined.</p>
         </emu-clause>
       </emu-clause>
@@ -1936,10 +1936,26 @@ <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1</span> The AggregateError Constructor</h1>
         <emu-clause id="sec-aggregate-error">
           <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1.1</span> AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</h1>
           <p>When the <emu-val>AggregateError</emu-val> function is called with arguments <var>errors</var><del> and</del><ins>,</ins> <var>message</var><ins>, and <var>options</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
-          <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_15"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <emu-val>"%AggregateError.prototype%"</emu-val>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_16"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_17"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</li></ol></li><li><ins>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_18"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>) is Object, then</ins><ol><li><ins>If ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasProperty" id="_ref_19"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-hasproperty">HasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>cause</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_20"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>)</ins></li><li><ins>Let <var>causeDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>cause</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_21"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>causeDesc</var>).</ins></li></ol></li></ol></li><li>Let <var>errorsList</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="IterableToList" id="_ref_22"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-iterabletolist">IterableToList</a></emu-xref>(<var>errors</var>).</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_23"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"errors"</emu-val>, PropertyDescriptor { [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Value]]: !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="CreateArrayFromList" id="_ref_24"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-createarrayfromlist">CreateArrayFromList</a></emu-xref>(<var>errorsList</var>) }).</li><li>Return <var>O</var>.</li></ol></emu-alg>
+          <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_7"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <emu-val>"%AggregateError.prototype%"</emu-val>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_8"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li><del>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</del></li><li><del>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_9"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</del></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateErrorObjectProperty(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msg</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Perform ?&nbsp;ExtractErrorCause(<var>O</var>, <var>options</var>) </ins></li><li>Let <var>errorsList</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="IterableToList" id="_ref_10"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-iterabletolist">IterableToList</a></emu-xref>(<var>errors</var>).</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_11"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"errors"</emu-val>, PropertyDescriptor { [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Value]]: !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="CreateArrayFromList" id="_ref_12"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-createarrayfromlist">CreateArrayFromList</a></emu-xref>(<var>errorsList</var>) }).</li><li>Return <var>O</var>.</li></ol></emu-alg>
         </emu-clause>
       </emu-clause>
     </emu-clause>
+
+    <emu-clause id="sec-errorobjects-abstracts">
+      <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.8</span> Abstract Operations for Error Objects</h1>
+
+      <emu-clause id="sec-errorobjects-create-property">
+        <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.8.1</span> <ins>CreateErrorObjectProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var> )</ins></h1>
+        <p><ins>The abstract operation CreateErrorObjectProperty takes arguments <var>O</var> (an Object), <var>P</var> (a property key), and <var>V</var> (an <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref>). It performs the following steps when called:</ins></p>
+        <emu-alg><ol><li><ins><emu-xref href="#assert"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_13"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</ins></li><li><ins><emu-xref href="#assert"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_14"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is true.</ins></li><li><ins>Let <var>newDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>V</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</ins></li><li><ins>Return <emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_15"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>newDesc</var>).</ins></li></ol></emu-alg>
+      </emu-clause>
+
+      <emu-clause id="sec-errorobjects-extract-error-cause">
+        <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.8.2</span> <ins>ExtractErrorCause ( <var>O</var>, <var>options</var> )</ins></h1>
+        <p><ins>The abstract operation ExtractErrorCause takes argument <var>O</var> and <var>options</var>. It is used to create <code>"cause"</code> property on <var>O</var> when the <code>"cause"</code> property is present on <var>options</var>. It performs the following steps when called:</ins></p>
+        <emu-alg><ol><li><ins><emu-xref href="#assert"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_16"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</ins></li><li><ins>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_17"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>) is Object and ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasProperty" id="_ref_18"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-hasproperty">HasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>cause</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_19"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>)</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateErrorObjectProperty(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>cause</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.</ins></li></ol></emu-alg>
+      </emu-clause>
+    </emu-clause>
   </emu-clause>
 </emu-clause><emu-annex id="sec-copyright-and-software-license">
       <h1><span class="secnum">A</span> Copyright &amp; Software License</h1>

From af3e4b3ea7a9ce326a3c471ec6f807a620a3742f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: legendecas <legendecas@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Mar 2021 18:17:39 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 07/13] fixup: rename CreateErrorObjectProperty to
 CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty

---
 spec.emu | 58 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/spec.emu b/spec.emu
index ac08fee..919349b 100644
--- a/spec.emu
+++ b/spec.emu
@@ -29,7 +29,33 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-<emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+
+<emu-clause id="sec-abstract-operations">
+  <h1>Abstract Operations</h1>
+  <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+  <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+
+  <emu-clause id="sec-operations-on-objects">
+    <h1>Operations on Objects</h1>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+
+    <emu-clause id="sec-createnonenumerabledataproperty">
+      <h1><ins>CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty ( _O_, _P_, _V_ )</ins></h1>
+      <p><ins>The abstract operation CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty takes arguments _O_ (an Object), _P_ (a property key), and _V_ (an ECMAScript language value). It performs the following steps when called:</ins></p>
+      <emu-alg>
+        1. <ins>Assert: Type(_O_) is Object.</ins>
+        1. <ins>Assert: IsPropertyKey(_P_) is true.</ins>
+        1. <ins>Let _newDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _V_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</ins>
+        1. <ins>Return ? DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, _P_, _newDesc_).</ins>
+      </emu-alg>
+    </emu-clause>
+  </emu-clause>
+</emu-clause>
+
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1>Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
@@ -58,7 +84,7 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
       <emu-clause id="sec-error-message">
         <h1>Error ( _message_<ins> [ , _options_ ]</ins> )</h1>
 
-        <p>When the `Error` function is called with argument _message_<ins> and _options_</ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
+        <p>When the `Error` function is called with argument _message_<ins> and optional argument _options_</ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
 
         <emu-alg>
           1. If NewTarget is *undefined*, let _newTarget_ be the active function object; else let _newTarget_ be NewTarget.
@@ -67,8 +93,8 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
             1. Let _msg_ be ? ToString(_message_).
             1. <del>Let _msgDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _msg_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</del>
             1. <del>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, *"message"*, _msgDesc_).</del>
-            1. <ins>Perform ! CreateErrorObjectProperty(_O_, *"message"*, _msg_).</ins>
-          1. <ins>Perform ? ExtractErrorCause(_O_, _options_) </ins>
+            1. <ins>Perform ! CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(_O_, *"message"*, _msg_).</ins>
+          1. <ins>Perform ? ExtractErrorCause(_O_, _options_). </ins>
           1. Return O.
         </emu-alg>
       </emu-clause>
@@ -86,7 +112,7 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
 
         <emu-clause id="sec-nativeerror">
           <h1>_NativeError_ ( _message_<ins> [ , _options_ ]</ins> )</h1>
-          <p>When a _NativeError_ function is called with argument _message_<ins> and _options_</ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
+          <p>When a _NativeError_ function is called with argument _message_<ins> and optional argument _options_</ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
           <emu-alg>
             1. If NewTarget is *undefined*, let _newTarget_ be the active function object; else let _newTarget_ be NewTarget.
             1. [id="step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor"] Let _O_ be ? OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor(_newTarget_, <code>"%<var>NativeError</var>.prototype%"</code>, &laquo; [[ErrorData]] &raquo;).
@@ -94,8 +120,8 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
               1. Let _msg_ be ? ToString(_message_).
               1. <del>Let _msgDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _msg_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</del>
               1. <del>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, *"message"*, _msgDesc_).</del>
-              1. <ins>Perform ! CreateErrorObjectProperty(_O_, *"message"*, _msg_).</ins>
-            1. <ins>Perform ? ExtractErrorCause(_O_, _options_) </ins>
+              1. <ins>Perform ! CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(_O_, *"message"*, _msg_).</ins>
+            1. <ins>Perform ? ExtractErrorCause(_O_, _options_). </ins>
             1. Return _O_.
           </emu-alg>
           <p>The actual value of the string passed in step <emu-xref href="#step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor"></emu-xref> is either *"%EvalError.prototype%"*, *"%RangeError.prototype%"*, *"%ReferenceError.prototype%"*, *"%SyntaxError.prototype%"*, *"%TypeError.prototype%"*, or *"%URIError.prototype%"* corresponding to which _NativeError_ constructor is being defined.</p>
@@ -111,7 +137,7 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
 
         <emu-clause id="sec-aggregate-error">
           <h1>AggregateError ( _errors_, _message_<ins> [ , _options_ ]</ins> )</h1>
-          <p>When the *AggregateError* function is called with arguments _errors_<del> and</del><ins>,</ins> _message_<ins>, and _options_</ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
+          <p>When the *AggregateError* function is called with arguments _errors_<del> and</del><ins>,</ins> _message_<ins>, and optional argument _options_</ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
           <emu-alg>
             1. If NewTarget is *undefined*, let _newTarget_ be the active function object; else let _newTarget_ be NewTarget.
             1. Let _O_ be ? OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor(_newTarget_, *"%AggregateError.prototype%"*, &laquo; [[ErrorData]] &raquo;).
@@ -119,8 +145,8 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
               1. Let _msg_ be ? ToString(_message_).
               1. <del>Let _msgDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _msg_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</del>
               1. <del>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, *"message"*, _msgDesc_).</del>
-              1. <ins>Perform ! CreateErrorObjectProperty(_O_, *"message"*, _msg_).</ins>
-            1. <ins>Perform ? ExtractErrorCause(_O_, _options_) </ins>
+              1. <ins>Perform ! CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(_O_, *"message"*, _msg_).</ins>
+            1. <ins>Perform ? ExtractErrorCause(_O_, _options_). </ins>
             1. Let _errorsList_ be ? IterableToList(_errors_).
             1. Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, *"errors"*, PropertyDescriptor { [[Configurable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Value]]: ! CreateArrayFromList(_errorsList_) }).
             1. Return _O_.
@@ -132,16 +158,6 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
     <emu-clause id="sec-errorobjects-abstracts">
       <h1>Abstract Operations for Error Objects</h1>
 
-      <emu-clause id="sec-errorobjects-create-property">
-        <h1><ins>CreateErrorObjectProperty ( _O_, _P_, _V_ )</ins></h1>
-        <p><ins>The abstract operation CreateErrorObjectProperty takes arguments _O_ (an Object), _P_ (a property key), and _V_ (an ECMAScript language value). It performs the following steps when called:</ins></p>
-        <emu-alg>
-          1. <ins>Assert: Type(_O_) is Object.</ins>
-          1. <ins>Assert: IsPropertyKey(_P_) is true.</ins>
-          1. <ins>Let _newDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _V_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</ins>
-          1. <ins>Return DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, _P_, _newDesc_).</ins>
-        </emu-alg>
-      </emu-clause>
 
       <emu-clause id="sec-errorobjects-extract-error-cause">
         <h1><ins>ExtractErrorCause ( _O_, _options_ )</ins></h1>
@@ -150,7 +166,7 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
           1. <ins>Assert: Type(_O_) is Object.</ins>
           1. <ins>If Type(_options_) is Object and ? HasProperty(_options_, `"cause"`) is *true*, then</ins>
             1. <ins>Let _cause_ be ? Get(_options_, `"cause"`)</ins>
-            1. <ins>Perform ! CreateErrorObjectProperty(_O_, `"cause"`, _cause_).</ins>
+            1. <ins>Perform ! CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(_O_, `"cause"`, _cause_).</ins>
           1. <ins>Return *undefined*.</ins>
         </emu-alg>
       </emu-clause>

From 2e7a843725c24da507d0b5bdc79929829f83a624 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: legendecas <legendecas@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Mar 2021 11:14:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 08/13] fixup: return a normal completion on ExtractErrorCause

---
 spec.emu | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/spec.emu b/spec.emu
index 919349b..478331a 100644
--- a/spec.emu
+++ b/spec.emu
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
           1. <ins>If Type(_options_) is Object and ? HasProperty(_options_, `"cause"`) is *true*, then</ins>
             1. <ins>Let _cause_ be ? Get(_options_, `"cause"`)</ins>
             1. <ins>Perform ! CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(_O_, `"cause"`, _cause_).</ins>
-          1. <ins>Return *undefined*.</ins>
+          1. <ins>Return NormalCompletion(*undefined*).</ins>
         </emu-alg>
       </emu-clause>
     </emu-clause>

From 383bdb94d5ff590847e46288235656506b1e4874 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: legendecas <legendecas@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Mar 2021 03:16:10 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 09/13] fixup: [spec] `npm run build`

---
 index.html | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 32 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 97d1c06..94a254a 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="./spec.css">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/8.4/styles/github.min.css">
 <script src="./spec.js"></script>
-<title>Error Cause</title><script type="application/json" id="menu-search-biblio">[{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"8","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"9","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"10","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"11","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"12","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"13","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"14","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"15","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"16","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"17","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"18","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"19","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-message","aoid":null,"title":"Error ( message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Error ( message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-constructor","aoid":null,"title":"The Error Constructor","titleHTML":"The Error Constructor","number":"20.5.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The Error Constructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"step","id":"step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor","stepNumbers":[2],"referencingIds":["_ref_0"],"namespace":"<no location>","location":"","key":"step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror","aoid":null,"title":"NativeError ( message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"<var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.6.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"NativeError ( message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror-constructors","aoid":null,"title":"The NativeError Constructors","titleHTML":"The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors","number":"20.5.6.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The NativeError Constructors"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror-object-structure","aoid":null,"title":"NativeError Object Structure","titleHTML":"<var>NativeError</var> Object Structure","number":"20.5.6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"NativeError Object Structure"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error","aoid":null,"title":"AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.7.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error-constructor","aoid":null,"title":"The AggregateError Constructor","titleHTML":"The AggregateError Constructor","number":"20.5.7.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The AggregateError Constructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error-objects","aoid":null,"title":"AggregateError Objects","titleHTML":"AggregateError Objects","number":"20.5.7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"AggregateError Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-errorobjects-create-property","aoid":null,"title":"CreateErrorObjectProperty ( O, P, V )","titleHTML":"<ins>CreateErrorObjectProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var> )</ins>","number":"20.5.8.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"CreateErrorObjectProperty ( O, P, V )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-errorobjects-extract-error-cause","aoid":null,"title":"ExtractErrorCause ( O, options )","titleHTML":"<ins>ExtractErrorCause ( <var>O</var>, <var>options</var> )</ins>","number":"20.5.8.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"ExtractErrorCause ( O, options )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-errorobjects-abstracts","aoid":null,"title":"Abstract Operations for Error Objects","titleHTML":"Abstract Operations for Error Objects","number":"20.5.8","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Abstract Operations for Error Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Error Objects","titleHTML":"Error Objects","number":"20.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Error Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-fundamental-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Fundamental Objects","titleHTML":"Fundamental Objects","number":"20","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Fundamental Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-copyright-and-software-license","aoid":null,"title":"Copyright & Software License","titleHTML":"Copyright &amp; Software License","number":"A","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Copyright & Software License"}]</script><script>"use strict";
+<title>Error Cause</title><script type="application/json" id="menu-search-biblio">[{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-createnonenumerabledataproperty","aoid":null,"title":"CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty ( O, P, V )","titleHTML":"<ins>CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var> )</ins>","number":"7.3.6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty ( O, P, V )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-operations-on-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Operations on Objects","titleHTML":"Operations on Objects","number":"7.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Operations on Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-abstract-operations","aoid":null,"title":"Abstract Operations","titleHTML":"Abstract Operations","number":"7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Abstract Operations"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"8","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"9","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"10","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"11","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"12","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"13","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"14","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"15","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"16","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"17","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"18","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"19","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-message","aoid":null,"title":"Error ( message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Error ( message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-constructor","aoid":null,"title":"The Error Constructor","titleHTML":"The Error Constructor","number":"20.5.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The Error Constructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"step","id":"step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor","stepNumbers":[2],"referencingIds":["_ref_0"],"namespace":"<no location>","location":"","key":"step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror","aoid":null,"title":"NativeError ( message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"<var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.6.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"NativeError ( message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror-constructors","aoid":null,"title":"The NativeError Constructors","titleHTML":"The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors","number":"20.5.6.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The NativeError Constructors"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror-object-structure","aoid":null,"title":"NativeError Object Structure","titleHTML":"<var>NativeError</var> Object Structure","number":"20.5.6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"NativeError Object Structure"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error","aoid":null,"title":"AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.7.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error-constructor","aoid":null,"title":"The AggregateError Constructor","titleHTML":"The AggregateError Constructor","number":"20.5.7.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The AggregateError Constructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error-objects","aoid":null,"title":"AggregateError Objects","titleHTML":"AggregateError Objects","number":"20.5.7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"AggregateError Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-errorobjects-extract-error-cause","aoid":null,"title":"ExtractErrorCause ( O, options )","titleHTML":"<ins>ExtractErrorCause ( <var>O</var>, <var>options</var> )</ins>","number":"20.5.8.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"ExtractErrorCause ( O, options )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-errorobjects-abstracts","aoid":null,"title":"Abstract Operations for Error Objects","titleHTML":"Abstract Operations for Error Objects","number":"20.5.8","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Abstract Operations for Error Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Error Objects","titleHTML":"Error Objects","number":"20.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Error Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-fundamental-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Fundamental Objects","titleHTML":"Fundamental Objects","number":"20","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Fundamental Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-copyright-and-software-license","aoid":null,"title":"Copyright & Software License","titleHTML":"Copyright &amp; Software License","number":"A","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Copyright & Software License"}]</script><script>"use strict";
 
 function Search(menu) {
   this.menu = menu;
@@ -1851,7 +1851,7 @@
     display: none; 
   }
 }
-</style></head><body><div id="menu-toggle">☰</div><div id="menu-spacer"></div><div id="menu"><div id="menu-search"><input type="text" id="menu-search-box" placeholder="Search..."><div id="menu-search-results" class="inactive"></div></div><div id="menu-pins"><div class="menu-pane-header">Pins</div><ul id="menu-pins-list"></ul></div><div class="menu-pane-header">Table of Contents</div><div id="menu-toc"><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">6</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">8</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">9</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">10</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">11</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">12</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">13</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">14</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">15</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">16</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">17</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">18</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">19</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-fundamental-objects" title="Fundamental Objects"><span class="secnum">20</span> Fundamental Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-objects" title="Error Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5</span> Error Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-constructor" title="The Error Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.5.1</span> The Error Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-error-message" title="Error ( message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.1.1</span> Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-object-structure" title="NativeError Object Structure"><span class="secnum">20.5.6</span> <var>NativeError</var> Object Structure</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-constructors" title="The NativeError Constructors"><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1</span> The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-nativeerror" title="NativeError ( message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1.1</span> <var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error-objects" title="AggregateError Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5.7</span> AggregateError Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error-constructor" title="The AggregateError Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1</span> The AggregateError Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error" title="AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1.1</span> AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-errorobjects-abstracts" title="Abstract Operations for Error Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5.8</span> Abstract Operations for Error Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-errorobjects-create-property" title="CreateErrorObjectProperty ( O, P, V )"><span class="secnum">20.5.8.1</span> <ins>CreateErrorObjectProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var> )</ins></a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-errorobjects-extract-error-cause" title="ExtractErrorCause ( O, options )"><span class="secnum">20.5.8.2</span> <ins>ExtractErrorCause ( <var>O</var>, <var>options</var> )</ins></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-copyright-and-software-license" title="Copyright &amp; Software License"><span class="secnum">A</span> Copyright &amp; Software License</a></li></ol></div></div><div id="spec-container"><h1 class="version first">Stage 1 Draft / March 1, 2021</h1><h1 class="title">Error Cause</h1>
+</style></head><body><div id="menu-toggle">☰</div><div id="menu-spacer"></div><div id="menu"><div id="menu-search"><input type="text" id="menu-search-box" placeholder="Search..."><div id="menu-search-results" class="inactive"></div></div><div id="menu-pins"><div class="menu-pane-header">Pins</div><ul id="menu-pins-list"></ul></div><div class="menu-pane-header">Table of Contents</div><div id="menu-toc"><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">6</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-abstract-operations" title="Abstract Operations"><span class="secnum">7</span> Abstract Operations</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-operations-on-objects" title="Operations on Objects"><span class="secnum">7.3</span> Operations on Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createnonenumerabledataproperty" title="CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty ( O, P, V )"><span class="secnum">7.3.6</span> <ins>CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var> )</ins></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">8</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">9</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">10</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">11</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">12</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">13</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">14</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">15</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">16</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">17</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">18</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">19</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-fundamental-objects" title="Fundamental Objects"><span class="secnum">20</span> Fundamental Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-objects" title="Error Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5</span> Error Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-constructor" title="The Error Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.5.1</span> The Error Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-error-message" title="Error ( message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.1.1</span> Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-object-structure" title="NativeError Object Structure"><span class="secnum">20.5.6</span> <var>NativeError</var> Object Structure</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-constructors" title="The NativeError Constructors"><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1</span> The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-nativeerror" title="NativeError ( message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1.1</span> <var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error-objects" title="AggregateError Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5.7</span> AggregateError Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error-constructor" title="The AggregateError Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1</span> The AggregateError Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error" title="AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1.1</span> AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-errorobjects-abstracts" title="Abstract Operations for Error Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5.8</span> Abstract Operations for Error Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-errorobjects-extract-error-cause" title="ExtractErrorCause ( O, options )"><span class="secnum">20.5.8.1</span> <ins>ExtractErrorCause ( <var>O</var>, <var>options</var> )</ins></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-copyright-and-software-license" title="Copyright &amp; Software License"><span class="secnum">A</span> Copyright &amp; Software License</a></li></ol></div></div><div id="spec-container"><h1 class="version first">Stage 1 Draft / March 2, 2021</h1><h1 class="title">Error Cause</h1>
 
 <style>
   #sec-placeholder, [href="#sec-placeholder"] {
@@ -1873,7 +1873,28 @@
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">6</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
-<emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+
+<emu-clause id="sec-abstract-operations">
+  <h1><span class="secnum">7</span> Abstract Operations</h1>
+  <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+  <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+
+  <emu-clause id="sec-operations-on-objects">
+    <h1><span class="secnum">7.3</span> Operations on Objects</h1>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+    <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">7.3.5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
+
+    <emu-clause id="sec-createnonenumerabledataproperty">
+      <h1><span class="secnum">7.3.6</span> <ins>CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var> )</ins></h1>
+      <p><ins>The abstract operation CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty takes arguments <var>O</var> (an Object), <var>P</var> (a property key), and <var>V</var> (an <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref>). It performs the following steps when called:</ins></p>
+      <emu-alg><ol><li><ins><emu-xref href="#assert"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_1"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</ins></li><li><ins><emu-xref href="#assert"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_2"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is true.</ins></li><li><ins>Let <var>newDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>V</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</ins></li><li><ins>Return ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_3"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>newDesc</var>).</ins></li></ol></emu-alg>
+    </emu-clause>
+  </emu-clause>
+</emu-clause>
+
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">8</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">9</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
 <emu-clause id="sec-placeholder"><h1><span class="secnum">10</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</h1></emu-clause>
@@ -1902,9 +1923,9 @@ <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.1</span> The Error Constructor</h1>
       <emu-clause id="sec-error-message">
         <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.1.1</span> Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</h1>
 
-        <p>When the <code>Error</code> function is called with argument <var>message</var><ins> and <var>options</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
+        <p>When the <code>Error</code> function is called with argument <var>message</var><ins> and optional argument <var>options</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
 
-        <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_1"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%Error.prototype%"</code>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_2"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li><del>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</del></li><li><del>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_3"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</del></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateErrorObjectProperty(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msg</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Perform ?&nbsp;ExtractErrorCause(<var>O</var>, <var>options</var>) </ins></li><li>Return O.</li></ol></emu-alg>
+        <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_4"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%Error.prototype%"</code>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_5"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li><del>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</del></li><li><del>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_6"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</del></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msg</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Perform ?&nbsp;ExtractErrorCause(<var>O</var>, <var>options</var>). </ins></li><li>Return O.</li></ol></emu-alg>
       </emu-clause>
 
     </emu-clause>
@@ -1920,8 +1941,8 @@ <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1</span> The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors
 
         <emu-clause id="sec-nativeerror">
           <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1.1</span> <var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</h1>
-          <p>When a <var>NativeError</var> function is called with argument <var>message</var><ins> and <var>options</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
-          <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li id="step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_4"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%<var>NativeError</var>.prototype%"</code>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_5"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li><del>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</del></li><li><del>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_6"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</del></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateErrorObjectProperty(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msg</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Perform ?&nbsp;ExtractErrorCause(<var>O</var>, <var>options</var>) </ins></li><li>Return <var>O</var>.</li></ol></emu-alg>
+          <p>When a <var>NativeError</var> function is called with argument <var>message</var><ins> and optional argument <var>options</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
+          <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li id="step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_7"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%<var>NativeError</var>.prototype%"</code>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_8"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li><del>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</del></li><li><del>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_9"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</del></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msg</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Perform ?&nbsp;ExtractErrorCause(<var>O</var>, <var>options</var>). </ins></li><li>Return <var>O</var>.</li></ol></emu-alg>
           <p>The actual value of the string passed in step <emu-xref href="#step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor" id="_ref_0"><a href="#step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">2</a></emu-xref> is either <emu-val>"%EvalError.prototype%"</emu-val>, <emu-val>"%RangeError.prototype%"</emu-val>, <emu-val>"%ReferenceError.prototype%"</emu-val>, <emu-val>"%SyntaxError.prototype%"</emu-val>, <emu-val>"%TypeError.prototype%"</emu-val>, or <emu-val>"%URIError.prototype%"</emu-val> corresponding to which <var>NativeError</var> <emu-xref href="#constructor"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> is being defined.</p>
         </emu-clause>
       </emu-clause>
@@ -1935,8 +1956,8 @@ <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1</span> The AggregateError Constructor</h1>
 
         <emu-clause id="sec-aggregate-error">
           <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1.1</span> AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</h1>
-          <p>When the <emu-val>AggregateError</emu-val> function is called with arguments <var>errors</var><del> and</del><ins>,</ins> <var>message</var><ins>, and <var>options</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
-          <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_7"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <emu-val>"%AggregateError.prototype%"</emu-val>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_8"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li><del>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</del></li><li><del>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_9"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</del></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateErrorObjectProperty(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msg</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Perform ?&nbsp;ExtractErrorCause(<var>O</var>, <var>options</var>) </ins></li><li>Let <var>errorsList</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="IterableToList" id="_ref_10"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-iterabletolist">IterableToList</a></emu-xref>(<var>errors</var>).</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_11"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"errors"</emu-val>, PropertyDescriptor { [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Value]]: !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="CreateArrayFromList" id="_ref_12"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-createarrayfromlist">CreateArrayFromList</a></emu-xref>(<var>errorsList</var>) }).</li><li>Return <var>O</var>.</li></ol></emu-alg>
+          <p>When the <emu-val>AggregateError</emu-val> function is called with arguments <var>errors</var><del> and</del><ins>,</ins> <var>message</var><ins>, and optional argument <var>options</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
+          <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_10"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <emu-val>"%AggregateError.prototype%"</emu-val>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_11"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li><del>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</del></li><li><del>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_12"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</del></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msg</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Perform ?&nbsp;ExtractErrorCause(<var>O</var>, <var>options</var>). </ins></li><li>Let <var>errorsList</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="IterableToList" id="_ref_13"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-iterabletolist">IterableToList</a></emu-xref>(<var>errors</var>).</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_14"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"errors"</emu-val>, PropertyDescriptor { [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Value]]: !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="CreateArrayFromList" id="_ref_15"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-createarrayfromlist">CreateArrayFromList</a></emu-xref>(<var>errorsList</var>) }).</li><li>Return <var>O</var>.</li></ol></emu-alg>
         </emu-clause>
       </emu-clause>
     </emu-clause>
@@ -1944,16 +1965,11 @@ <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1.1</span> AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <
     <emu-clause id="sec-errorobjects-abstracts">
       <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.8</span> Abstract Operations for Error Objects</h1>
 
-      <emu-clause id="sec-errorobjects-create-property">
-        <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.8.1</span> <ins>CreateErrorObjectProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var> )</ins></h1>
-        <p><ins>The abstract operation CreateErrorObjectProperty takes arguments <var>O</var> (an Object), <var>P</var> (a property key), and <var>V</var> (an <emu-xref href="#sec-ecmascript-language-types"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-types">ECMAScript language value</a></emu-xref>). It performs the following steps when called:</ins></p>
-        <emu-alg><ol><li><ins><emu-xref href="#assert"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_13"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</ins></li><li><ins><emu-xref href="#assert"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="IsPropertyKey" id="_ref_14"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ispropertykey">IsPropertyKey</a></emu-xref>(<var>P</var>) is true.</ins></li><li><ins>Let <var>newDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>V</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</ins></li><li><ins>Return <emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_15"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>newDesc</var>).</ins></li></ol></emu-alg>
-      </emu-clause>
 
       <emu-clause id="sec-errorobjects-extract-error-cause">
-        <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.8.2</span> <ins>ExtractErrorCause ( <var>O</var>, <var>options</var> )</ins></h1>
+        <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.8.1</span> <ins>ExtractErrorCause ( <var>O</var>, <var>options</var> )</ins></h1>
         <p><ins>The abstract operation ExtractErrorCause takes argument <var>O</var> and <var>options</var>. It is used to create <code>"cause"</code> property on <var>O</var> when the <code>"cause"</code> property is present on <var>options</var>. It performs the following steps when called:</ins></p>
-        <emu-alg><ol><li><ins><emu-xref href="#assert"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_16"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</ins></li><li><ins>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_17"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>) is Object and ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasProperty" id="_ref_18"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-hasproperty">HasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>cause</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_19"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>)</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateErrorObjectProperty(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>cause</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Return <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>.</ins></li></ol></emu-alg>
+        <emu-alg><ol><li><ins><emu-xref href="#assert"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_16"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</ins></li><li><ins>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_17"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>) is Object and ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasProperty" id="_ref_18"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-hasproperty">HasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>cause</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_19"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>)</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>cause</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_20"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-val>undefined</emu-val>).</ins></li></ol></emu-alg>
       </emu-clause>
     </emu-clause>
   </emu-clause>

From 118c7881a9c6614a68d8fb79f7af1107eef5edc6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "hemanth.hm" <hemanth.hm@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Mar 2021 22:30:49 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 10/13] Update spec.emu

Co-authored-by: Kevin Gibbons <bakkot@gmail.com>
---
 spec.emu | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/spec.emu b/spec.emu
index 478331a..455ad0b 100644
--- a/spec.emu
+++ b/spec.emu
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
 
       <emu-clause id="sec-errorobjects-extract-error-cause">
         <h1><ins>ExtractErrorCause ( _O_, _options_ )</ins></h1>
-        <p><ins>The abstract operation ExtractErrorCause takes argument _O_ and _options_. It is used to create `"cause"` property on _O_ when the `"cause"` property is present on _options_. It performs the following steps when called:</ins></p>
+        <p><ins>The abstract operation ExtractErrorCause takes arguments _O_ and _options_. It is used to create `"cause"` property on _O_ when the `"cause"` property is present on _options_. It performs the following steps when called:</ins></p>
         <emu-alg>
           1. <ins>Assert: Type(_O_) is Object.</ins>
           1. <ins>If Type(_options_) is Object and ? HasProperty(_options_, `"cause"`) is *true*, then</ins>

From 79044bdec93a251d6a5c4ca988530c3e7af049e0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hemanth <hemanth@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Mar 2021 06:32:38 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 11/13] fixup: [spec] `npm run build`

---
 index.html | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 94a254a..a62d841 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@ <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.8</span> Abstract Operations for Error Objects</h1
 
       <emu-clause id="sec-errorobjects-extract-error-cause">
         <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.8.1</span> <ins>ExtractErrorCause ( <var>O</var>, <var>options</var> )</ins></h1>
-        <p><ins>The abstract operation ExtractErrorCause takes argument <var>O</var> and <var>options</var>. It is used to create <code>"cause"</code> property on <var>O</var> when the <code>"cause"</code> property is present on <var>options</var>. It performs the following steps when called:</ins></p>
+        <p><ins>The abstract operation ExtractErrorCause takes arguments <var>O</var> and <var>options</var>. It is used to create <code>"cause"</code> property on <var>O</var> when the <code>"cause"</code> property is present on <var>options</var>. It performs the following steps when called:</ins></p>
         <emu-alg><ol><li><ins><emu-xref href="#assert"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_16"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</ins></li><li><ins>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_17"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>) is Object and ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasProperty" id="_ref_18"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-hasproperty">HasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>cause</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_19"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>)</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>cause</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_20"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-val>undefined</emu-val>).</ins></li></ol></emu-alg>
       </emu-clause>
     </emu-clause>

From 968ad50338e31d1e22339972c726b244794620ab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: legendecas <legendecas@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Mar 2021 14:35:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 12/13] fixup: rename AO ExtractErrorCause to InstallErrorCause

---
 spec.emu | 14 +++++++-------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/spec.emu b/spec.emu
index 455ad0b..767f2ac 100644
--- a/spec.emu
+++ b/spec.emu
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
             1. <del>Let _msgDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _msg_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</del>
             1. <del>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, *"message"*, _msgDesc_).</del>
             1. <ins>Perform ! CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(_O_, *"message"*, _msg_).</ins>
-          1. <ins>Perform ? ExtractErrorCause(_O_, _options_). </ins>
+          1. <ins>Perform ? InstallErrorCause(_O_, _options_). </ins>
           1. Return O.
         </emu-alg>
       </emu-clause>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
               1. <del>Let _msgDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _msg_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</del>
               1. <del>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, *"message"*, _msgDesc_).</del>
               1. <ins>Perform ! CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(_O_, *"message"*, _msg_).</ins>
-            1. <ins>Perform ? ExtractErrorCause(_O_, _options_). </ins>
+            1. <ins>Perform ? InstallErrorCause(_O_, _options_). </ins>
             1. Return _O_.
           </emu-alg>
           <p>The actual value of the string passed in step <emu-xref href="#step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor"></emu-xref> is either *"%EvalError.prototype%"*, *"%RangeError.prototype%"*, *"%ReferenceError.prototype%"*, *"%SyntaxError.prototype%"*, *"%TypeError.prototype%"*, or *"%URIError.prototype%"* corresponding to which _NativeError_ constructor is being defined.</p>
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
               1. <del>Let _msgDesc_ be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: _msg_, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Configurable]]: *true* }.</del>
               1. <del>Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, *"message"*, _msgDesc_).</del>
               1. <ins>Perform ! CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(_O_, *"message"*, _msg_).</ins>
-            1. <ins>Perform ? ExtractErrorCause(_O_, _options_). </ins>
+            1. <ins>Perform ? InstallErrorCause(_O_, _options_). </ins>
             1. Let _errorsList_ be ? IterableToList(_errors_).
             1. Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(_O_, *"errors"*, PropertyDescriptor { [[Configurable]]: *true*, [[Enumerable]]: *false*, [[Writable]]: *true*, [[Value]]: ! CreateArrayFromList(_errorsList_) }).
             1. Return _O_.
@@ -159,13 +159,13 @@ contributors: Chengzhong Wu, Hemanth HM, Ecma International
       <h1>Abstract Operations for Error Objects</h1>
 
 
-      <emu-clause id="sec-errorobjects-extract-error-cause">
-        <h1><ins>ExtractErrorCause ( _O_, _options_ )</ins></h1>
-        <p><ins>The abstract operation ExtractErrorCause takes arguments _O_ and _options_. It is used to create `"cause"` property on _O_ when the `"cause"` property is present on _options_. It performs the following steps when called:</ins></p>
+      <emu-clause id="sec-errorobjects-install-error-cause">
+        <h1><ins>InstallErrorCause ( _O_, _options_ )</ins></h1>
+        <p><ins>The abstract operation InstallErrorCause takes arguments _O_ and _options_. It is used to create `"cause"` property on _O_ when the `"cause"` property is present on _options_. It performs the following steps when called:</ins></p>
         <emu-alg>
           1. <ins>Assert: Type(_O_) is Object.</ins>
           1. <ins>If Type(_options_) is Object and ? HasProperty(_options_, `"cause"`) is *true*, then</ins>
-            1. <ins>Let _cause_ be ? Get(_options_, `"cause"`)</ins>
+            1. <ins>Let _cause_ be ? Get(_options_, `"cause"`).</ins>
             1. <ins>Perform ! CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(_O_, `"cause"`, _cause_).</ins>
           1. <ins>Return NormalCompletion(*undefined*).</ins>
         </emu-alg>

From 885bffb265b868491269bbe10c224c51f1161417 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: legendecas <legendecas@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Mar 2021 06:36:56 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 13/13] fixup: [spec] `npm run build`

---
 index.html | 18 +++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index a62d841..01d04da 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="./spec.css">
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/8.4/styles/github.min.css">
 <script src="./spec.js"></script>
-<title>Error Cause</title><script type="application/json" id="menu-search-biblio">[{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-createnonenumerabledataproperty","aoid":null,"title":"CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty ( O, P, V )","titleHTML":"<ins>CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var> )</ins>","number":"7.3.6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty ( O, P, V )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-operations-on-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Operations on Objects","titleHTML":"Operations on Objects","number":"7.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Operations on Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-abstract-operations","aoid":null,"title":"Abstract Operations","titleHTML":"Abstract Operations","number":"7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Abstract Operations"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"8","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"9","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"10","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"11","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"12","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"13","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"14","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"15","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"16","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"17","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"18","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"19","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-message","aoid":null,"title":"Error ( message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Error ( message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-constructor","aoid":null,"title":"The Error Constructor","titleHTML":"The Error Constructor","number":"20.5.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The Error Constructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"step","id":"step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor","stepNumbers":[2],"referencingIds":["_ref_0"],"namespace":"<no location>","location":"","key":"step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror","aoid":null,"title":"NativeError ( message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"<var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.6.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"NativeError ( message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror-constructors","aoid":null,"title":"The NativeError Constructors","titleHTML":"The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors","number":"20.5.6.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The NativeError Constructors"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror-object-structure","aoid":null,"title":"NativeError Object Structure","titleHTML":"<var>NativeError</var> Object Structure","number":"20.5.6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"NativeError Object Structure"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error","aoid":null,"title":"AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.7.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error-constructor","aoid":null,"title":"The AggregateError Constructor","titleHTML":"The AggregateError Constructor","number":"20.5.7.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The AggregateError Constructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error-objects","aoid":null,"title":"AggregateError Objects","titleHTML":"AggregateError Objects","number":"20.5.7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"AggregateError Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-errorobjects-extract-error-cause","aoid":null,"title":"ExtractErrorCause ( O, options )","titleHTML":"<ins>ExtractErrorCause ( <var>O</var>, <var>options</var> )</ins>","number":"20.5.8.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"ExtractErrorCause ( O, options )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-errorobjects-abstracts","aoid":null,"title":"Abstract Operations for Error Objects","titleHTML":"Abstract Operations for Error Objects","number":"20.5.8","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Abstract Operations for Error Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Error Objects","titleHTML":"Error Objects","number":"20.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Error Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-fundamental-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Fundamental Objects","titleHTML":"Fundamental Objects","number":"20","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Fundamental Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-copyright-and-software-license","aoid":null,"title":"Copyright & Software License","titleHTML":"Copyright &amp; Software License","number":"A","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Copyright & Software License"}]</script><script>"use strict";
+<title>Error Cause</title><script type="application/json" id="menu-search-biblio">[{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"7.3.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-createnonenumerabledataproperty","aoid":null,"title":"CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty ( O, P, V )","titleHTML":"<ins>CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var> )</ins>","number":"7.3.6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty ( O, P, V )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-operations-on-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Operations on Objects","titleHTML":"Operations on Objects","number":"7.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Operations on Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-abstract-operations","aoid":null,"title":"Abstract Operations","titleHTML":"Abstract Operations","number":"7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Abstract Operations"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"8","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"9","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"10","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"11","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"12","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"13","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"14","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"15","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"16","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"17","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"18","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"19","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-message","aoid":null,"title":"Error ( message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Error ( message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-constructor","aoid":null,"title":"The Error Constructor","titleHTML":"The Error Constructor","number":"20.5.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The Error Constructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.2","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.3","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.4","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-placeholder","aoid":null,"title":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","titleHTML":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering","number":"20.5.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"},{"type":"step","id":"step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor","stepNumbers":[2],"referencingIds":["_ref_0"],"namespace":"<no location>","location":"","key":"step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror","aoid":null,"title":"NativeError ( message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"<var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.6.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"NativeError ( message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror-constructors","aoid":null,"title":"The NativeError Constructors","titleHTML":"The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors","number":"20.5.6.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The NativeError Constructors"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-nativeerror-object-structure","aoid":null,"title":"NativeError Object Structure","titleHTML":"<var>NativeError</var> Object Structure","number":"20.5.6","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"NativeError Object Structure"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error","aoid":null,"title":"AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )","titleHTML":"AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )","number":"20.5.7.1.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error-constructor","aoid":null,"title":"The AggregateError Constructor","titleHTML":"The AggregateError Constructor","number":"20.5.7.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"The AggregateError Constructor"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-aggregate-error-objects","aoid":null,"title":"AggregateError Objects","titleHTML":"AggregateError Objects","number":"20.5.7","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"AggregateError Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-errorobjects-install-error-cause","aoid":null,"title":"InstallErrorCause ( O, options )","titleHTML":"<ins>InstallErrorCause ( <var>O</var>, <var>options</var> )</ins>","number":"20.5.8.1","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"InstallErrorCause ( O, options )"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-errorobjects-abstracts","aoid":null,"title":"Abstract Operations for Error Objects","titleHTML":"Abstract Operations for Error Objects","number":"20.5.8","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Abstract Operations for Error Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-error-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Error Objects","titleHTML":"Error Objects","number":"20.5","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Error Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-fundamental-objects","aoid":null,"title":"Fundamental Objects","titleHTML":"Fundamental Objects","number":"20","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Fundamental Objects"},{"type":"clause","id":"sec-copyright-and-software-license","aoid":null,"title":"Copyright & Software License","titleHTML":"Copyright &amp; Software License","number":"A","namespace":"<no location>","location":"","referencingIds":[],"key":"Copyright & Software License"}]</script><script>"use strict";
 
 function Search(menu) {
   this.menu = menu;
@@ -1851,7 +1851,7 @@
     display: none; 
   }
 }
-</style></head><body><div id="menu-toggle">☰</div><div id="menu-spacer"></div><div id="menu"><div id="menu-search"><input type="text" id="menu-search-box" placeholder="Search..."><div id="menu-search-results" class="inactive"></div></div><div id="menu-pins"><div class="menu-pane-header">Pins</div><ul id="menu-pins-list"></ul></div><div class="menu-pane-header">Table of Contents</div><div id="menu-toc"><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">6</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-abstract-operations" title="Abstract Operations"><span class="secnum">7</span> Abstract Operations</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-operations-on-objects" title="Operations on Objects"><span class="secnum">7.3</span> Operations on Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createnonenumerabledataproperty" title="CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty ( O, P, V )"><span class="secnum">7.3.6</span> <ins>CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var> )</ins></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">8</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">9</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">10</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">11</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">12</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">13</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">14</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">15</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">16</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">17</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">18</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">19</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-fundamental-objects" title="Fundamental Objects"><span class="secnum">20</span> Fundamental Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-objects" title="Error Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5</span> Error Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-constructor" title="The Error Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.5.1</span> The Error Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-error-message" title="Error ( message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.1.1</span> Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-object-structure" title="NativeError Object Structure"><span class="secnum">20.5.6</span> <var>NativeError</var> Object Structure</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-constructors" title="The NativeError Constructors"><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1</span> The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-nativeerror" title="NativeError ( message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1.1</span> <var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error-objects" title="AggregateError Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5.7</span> AggregateError Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error-constructor" title="The AggregateError Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1</span> The AggregateError Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error" title="AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1.1</span> AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-errorobjects-abstracts" title="Abstract Operations for Error Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5.8</span> Abstract Operations for Error Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-errorobjects-extract-error-cause" title="ExtractErrorCause ( O, options )"><span class="secnum">20.5.8.1</span> <ins>ExtractErrorCause ( <var>O</var>, <var>options</var> )</ins></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-copyright-and-software-license" title="Copyright &amp; Software License"><span class="secnum">A</span> Copyright &amp; Software License</a></li></ol></div></div><div id="spec-container"><h1 class="version first">Stage 1 Draft / March 2, 2021</h1><h1 class="title">Error Cause</h1>
+</style></head><body><div id="menu-toggle">☰</div><div id="menu-spacer"></div><div id="menu"><div id="menu-search"><input type="text" id="menu-search-box" placeholder="Search..."><div id="menu-search-results" class="inactive"></div></div><div id="menu-pins"><div class="menu-pane-header">Pins</div><ul id="menu-pins-list"></ul></div><div class="menu-pane-header">Table of Contents</div><div id="menu-toc"><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">6</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-abstract-operations" title="Abstract Operations"><span class="secnum">7</span> Abstract Operations</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-operations-on-objects" title="Operations on Objects"><span class="secnum">7.3</span> Operations on Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">7.3.5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-createnonenumerabledataproperty" title="CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty ( O, P, V )"><span class="secnum">7.3.6</span> <ins>CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var> )</ins></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">8</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">9</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">10</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">11</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">12</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">13</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">14</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">15</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">16</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">17</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">18</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">19</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-fundamental-objects" title="Fundamental Objects"><span class="secnum">20</span> Fundamental Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.1</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-objects" title="Error Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5</span> Error Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-error-constructor" title="The Error Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.5.1</span> The Error Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-error-message" title="Error ( message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.1.1</span> Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.2</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.3</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.4</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-placeholder" title="Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering"><span class="secnum">20.5.5</span> Placeholder to ensure correct clause numbering</a></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-object-structure" title="NativeError Object Structure"><span class="secnum">20.5.6</span> <var>NativeError</var> Object Structure</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-nativeerror-constructors" title="The NativeError Constructors"><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1</span> The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-nativeerror" title="NativeError ( message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1.1</span> <var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error-objects" title="AggregateError Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5.7</span> AggregateError Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error-constructor" title="The AggregateError Constructor"><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1</span> The AggregateError Constructor</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-aggregate-error" title="AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )"><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1.1</span> AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle">◢</span><a href="#sec-errorobjects-abstracts" title="Abstract Operations for Error Objects"><span class="secnum">20.5.8</span> Abstract Operations for Error Objects</a><ol class="toc"><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-errorobjects-install-error-cause" title="InstallErrorCause ( O, options )"><span class="secnum">20.5.8.1</span> <ins>InstallErrorCause ( <var>O</var>, <var>options</var> )</ins></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><span class="item-toggle-none"></span><a href="#sec-copyright-and-software-license" title="Copyright &amp; Software License"><span class="secnum">A</span> Copyright &amp; Software License</a></li></ol></div></div><div id="spec-container"><h1 class="version first">Stage 1 Draft / March 2, 2021</h1><h1 class="title">Error Cause</h1>
 
 <style>
   #sec-placeholder, [href="#sec-placeholder"] {
@@ -1925,7 +1925,7 @@ <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.1.1</span> Error ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <va
 
         <p>When the <code>Error</code> function is called with argument <var>message</var><ins> and optional argument <var>options</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
 
-        <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_4"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%Error.prototype%"</code>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_5"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li><del>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</del></li><li><del>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_6"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</del></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msg</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Perform ?&nbsp;ExtractErrorCause(<var>O</var>, <var>options</var>). </ins></li><li>Return O.</li></ol></emu-alg>
+        <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_4"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%Error.prototype%"</code>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_5"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li><del>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</del></li><li><del>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_6"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</del></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msg</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Perform ?&nbsp;InstallErrorCause(<var>O</var>, <var>options</var>). </ins></li><li>Return O.</li></ol></emu-alg>
       </emu-clause>
 
     </emu-clause>
@@ -1942,7 +1942,7 @@ <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1</span> The <var>NativeError</var> Constructors
         <emu-clause id="sec-nativeerror">
           <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.6.1.1</span> <var>NativeError</var> ( <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</h1>
           <p>When a <var>NativeError</var> function is called with argument <var>message</var><ins> and optional argument <var>options</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
-          <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li id="step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_7"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%<var>NativeError</var>.prototype%"</code>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_8"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li><del>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</del></li><li><del>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_9"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</del></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msg</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Perform ?&nbsp;ExtractErrorCause(<var>O</var>, <var>options</var>). </ins></li><li>Return <var>O</var>.</li></ol></emu-alg>
+          <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li id="step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_7"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <code>"%<var>NativeError</var>.prototype%"</code>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_8"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li><del>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</del></li><li><del>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_9"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</del></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msg</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Perform ?&nbsp;InstallErrorCause(<var>O</var>, <var>options</var>). </ins></li><li>Return <var>O</var>.</li></ol></emu-alg>
           <p>The actual value of the string passed in step <emu-xref href="#step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor" id="_ref_0"><a href="#step-nativerror-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">2</a></emu-xref> is either <emu-val>"%EvalError.prototype%"</emu-val>, <emu-val>"%RangeError.prototype%"</emu-val>, <emu-val>"%ReferenceError.prototype%"</emu-val>, <emu-val>"%SyntaxError.prototype%"</emu-val>, <emu-val>"%TypeError.prototype%"</emu-val>, or <emu-val>"%URIError.prototype%"</emu-val> corresponding to which <var>NativeError</var> <emu-xref href="#constructor"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#constructor">constructor</a></emu-xref> is being defined.</p>
         </emu-clause>
       </emu-clause>
@@ -1957,7 +1957,7 @@ <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1</span> The AggregateError Constructor</h1>
         <emu-clause id="sec-aggregate-error">
           <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1.1</span> AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <var>message</var><ins> [ , <var>options</var> ]</ins> )</h1>
           <p>When the <emu-val>AggregateError</emu-val> function is called with arguments <var>errors</var><del> and</del><ins>,</ins> <var>message</var><ins>, and optional argument <var>options</var></ins>, the following steps are taken:</p>
-          <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_10"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <emu-val>"%AggregateError.prototype%"</emu-val>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_11"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li><del>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</del></li><li><del>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_12"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</del></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msg</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Perform ?&nbsp;ExtractErrorCause(<var>O</var>, <var>options</var>). </ins></li><li>Let <var>errorsList</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="IterableToList" id="_ref_13"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-iterabletolist">IterableToList</a></emu-xref>(<var>errors</var>).</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_14"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"errors"</emu-val>, PropertyDescriptor { [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Value]]: !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="CreateArrayFromList" id="_ref_15"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-createarrayfromlist">CreateArrayFromList</a></emu-xref>(<var>errorsList</var>) }).</li><li>Return <var>O</var>.</li></ol></emu-alg>
+          <emu-alg><ol><li>If NewTarget is <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, let <var>newTarget</var> be the <emu-xref href="#active-function-object"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#active-function-object">active function object</a></emu-xref>; else let <var>newTarget</var> be NewTarget.</li><li>Let <var>O</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor" id="_ref_10"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ordinarycreatefromconstructor">OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor</a></emu-xref>(<var>newTarget</var>, <emu-val>"%AggregateError.prototype%"</emu-val>, « [[ErrorData]] »).</li><li>If <var>message</var> is not <emu-val>undefined</emu-val>, then<ol><li>Let <var>msg</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="ToString" id="_ref_11"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tostring">ToString</a></emu-xref>(<var>message</var>).</li><li><del>Let <var>msgDesc</var> be the PropertyDescriptor { [[Value]]: <var>msg</var>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val> }.</del></li><li><del>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_12"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msgDesc</var>).</del></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"message"</emu-val>, <var>msg</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Perform ?&nbsp;InstallErrorCause(<var>O</var>, <var>options</var>). </ins></li><li>Let <var>errorsList</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="IterableToList" id="_ref_13"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-iterabletolist">IterableToList</a></emu-xref>(<var>errors</var>).</li><li>Perform !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="DefinePropertyOrThrow" id="_ref_14"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-definepropertyorthrow">DefinePropertyOrThrow</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>, <emu-val>"errors"</emu-val>, PropertyDescriptor { [[Configurable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Enumerable]]: <emu-val>false</emu-val>, [[Writable]]: <emu-val>true</emu-val>, [[Value]]: !&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="CreateArrayFromList" id="_ref_15"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-createarrayfromlist">CreateArrayFromList</a></emu-xref>(<var>errorsList</var>) }).</li><li>Return <var>O</var>.</li></ol></emu-alg>
         </emu-clause>
       </emu-clause>
     </emu-clause>
@@ -1966,10 +1966,10 @@ <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.7.1.1</span> AggregateError ( <var>errors</var>, <
       <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.8</span> Abstract Operations for Error Objects</h1>
 
 
-      <emu-clause id="sec-errorobjects-extract-error-cause">
-        <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.8.1</span> <ins>ExtractErrorCause ( <var>O</var>, <var>options</var> )</ins></h1>
-        <p><ins>The abstract operation ExtractErrorCause takes arguments <var>O</var> and <var>options</var>. It is used to create <code>"cause"</code> property on <var>O</var> when the <code>"cause"</code> property is present on <var>options</var>. It performs the following steps when called:</ins></p>
-        <emu-alg><ol><li><ins><emu-xref href="#assert"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_16"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</ins></li><li><ins>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_17"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>) is Object and ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasProperty" id="_ref_18"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-hasproperty">HasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>cause</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_19"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>)</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>cause</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_20"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-val>undefined</emu-val>).</ins></li></ol></emu-alg>
+      <emu-clause id="sec-errorobjects-install-error-cause">
+        <h1><span class="secnum">20.5.8.1</span> <ins>InstallErrorCause ( <var>O</var>, <var>options</var> )</ins></h1>
+        <p><ins>The abstract operation InstallErrorCause takes arguments <var>O</var> and <var>options</var>. It is used to create <code>"cause"</code> property on <var>O</var> when the <code>"cause"</code> property is present on <var>options</var>. It performs the following steps when called:</ins></p>
+        <emu-alg><ol><li><ins><emu-xref href="#assert"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#assert">Assert</a></emu-xref>: <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_16"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>O</var>) is Object.</ins></li><li><ins>If <emu-xref aoid="Type" id="_ref_17"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values">Type</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>) is Object and ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="HasProperty" id="_ref_18"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-hasproperty">HasProperty</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>) is <emu-val>true</emu-val>, then</ins><ol><li><ins>Let <var>cause</var> be ?&nbsp;<emu-xref aoid="Get" id="_ref_19"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-o-p">Get</a></emu-xref>(<var>options</var>, <code>"cause"</code>).</ins></li><li><ins>Perform !&nbsp;CreateNonEnumerableDataProperty(<var>O</var>, <code>"cause"</code>, <var>cause</var>).</ins></li></ol></li><li><ins>Return <emu-xref aoid="NormalCompletion" id="_ref_20"><a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-normalcompletion">NormalCompletion</a></emu-xref>(<emu-val>undefined</emu-val>).</ins></li></ol></emu-alg>
       </emu-clause>
     </emu-clause>
   </emu-clause>