diff --git a/pkg/kv/kvserver/client_merge_test.go b/pkg/kv/kvserver/client_merge_test.go
index fad033662d11..51d36ba78015 100644
--- a/pkg/kv/kvserver/client_merge_test.go
+++ b/pkg/kv/kvserver/client_merge_test.go
@@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ func mergeCheckingTimestampCaches(
 
 		// Install a filter to capture the Raft snapshot.
 		snapshotFilter = func(inSnap kvserver.IncomingSnapshot) {
-			if inSnap.State.Desc.RangeID == lhsDesc.RangeID {
+			if inSnap.Desc.RangeID == lhsDesc.RangeID {
 				snapChan <- inSnap
 			}
 		}
@@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ func mergeCheckingTimestampCaches(
 		case <-time.After(45 * time.Second):
 			t.Fatal("timed out waiting for snapChan")
 		}
-		inSnapDesc := inSnap.State.Desc
+		inSnapDesc := inSnap.Desc
 		require.Equal(t, lhsDesc.StartKey, inSnapDesc.StartKey)
 		require.Equal(t, rhsDesc.EndKey, inSnapDesc.EndKey)
 
@@ -3731,7 +3731,7 @@ func TestStoreRangeMergeRaftSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
 		// on in the test. This function verifies that the subsumed replicas have
 		// been handled properly.
 		if snapType != kvserver.SnapshotRequest_VIA_SNAPSHOT_QUEUE ||
-			inSnap.State.Desc.RangeID != rangeIds[string(keyA)] {
+			inSnap.Desc.RangeID != rangeIds[string(keyA)] {
 			return nil
 		}
 
@@ -3779,8 +3779,8 @@ func TestStoreRangeMergeRaftSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// Construct SSTs for the the first 4 bullets as numbered above, but only
 		// ultimately keep the last one.
-		keyRanges := rditer.MakeReplicatedKeyRanges(inSnap.State.Desc)
-		it := rditer.NewReplicaEngineDataIterator(inSnap.State.Desc, sendingEng, true /* replicatedOnly */)
+		keyRanges := rditer.MakeReplicatedKeyRanges(inSnap.Desc)
+		it := rditer.NewReplicaEngineDataIterator(inSnap.Desc, sendingEng, true /* replicatedOnly */)
 		defer it.Close()
 		// Write a range deletion tombstone to each of the SSTs then put in the
 		// kv entries from the sender of the snapshot.
diff --git a/pkg/kv/kvserver/client_replica_test.go b/pkg/kv/kvserver/client_replica_test.go
index 4fbd07c678c0..2a265fbb3acc 100644
--- a/pkg/kv/kvserver/client_replica_test.go
+++ b/pkg/kv/kvserver/client_replica_test.go
@@ -3648,7 +3648,7 @@ func TestTenantID(t *testing.T) {
 						request_type kvserver.SnapshotRequest_Type,
 						strings []string,
 					) error {
-						if snapshot.State.Desc.RangeID == repl.RangeID {
+						if snapshot.Desc.RangeID == repl.RangeID {
 							select {
 							case sawSnapshot <- struct{}{}:
 							default:
diff --git a/pkg/kv/kvserver/replica_raft.go b/pkg/kv/kvserver/replica_raft.go
index 771f6315c3cc..51e37ba1c68d 100644
--- a/pkg/kv/kvserver/replica_raft.go
+++ b/pkg/kv/kvserver/replica_raft.go
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ func (r *Replica) handleRaftReadyRaftMuLocked(
 	ctx context.Context, inSnap IncomingSnapshot,
 ) (_ handleRaftReadyStats, _ string, foo error) {
 	var stats handleRaftReadyStats
-	if inSnap.State != nil {
+	if inSnap.Desc != nil {
 		stats.snap.offered = true
 	}
 
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ func (r *Replica) handleRaftReadyRaftMuLocked(
 		leaderID = roachpb.ReplicaID(rd.SoftState.Lead)
 	}
 
-	if inSnap.State != nil {
+	if inSnap.Desc != nil {
 		if !raft.IsEmptySnap(rd.Snapshot) {
 			snapUUID, err := uuid.FromBytes(rd.Snapshot.Data)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -1719,7 +1719,7 @@ func (r *Replica) maybeAcquireSnapshotMergeLock(
 		// installed a placeholder for snapshot's keyspace. No merge lock needed.
 		return nil, func() {}
 	}
-	for endKey.Less(inSnap.State.Desc.EndKey) {
+	for endKey.Less(inSnap.Desc.EndKey) {
 		sRepl := r.store.LookupReplica(endKey)
 		if sRepl == nil || !endKey.Equal(sRepl.Desc().StartKey) {
 			log.Fatalf(ctx, "snapshot widens existing replica, but no replica exists for subsumed key %s", endKey)
diff --git a/pkg/kv/kvserver/replica_raftstorage.go b/pkg/kv/kvserver/replica_raftstorage.go
index aaa0e477aea8..a4817278bb12 100644
--- a/pkg/kv/kvserver/replica_raftstorage.go
+++ b/pkg/kv/kvserver/replica_raftstorage.go
@@ -515,10 +515,11 @@ type IncomingSnapshot struct {
 	SnapUUID uuid.UUID
 	// The storage interface for the underlying SSTs.
 	SSTStorageScratch *SSTSnapshotStorageScratch
-	// The replica state at the time the snapshot was generated (never nil).
-	State       *kvserverpb.ReplicaState
-	snapType    SnapshotRequest_Type
-	placeholder *ReplicaPlaceholder
+	// The descriptor in the snapshot, never nil.
+	Desc             *roachpb.RangeDescriptor
+	snapType         SnapshotRequest_Type
+	placeholder      *ReplicaPlaceholder
+	raftAppliedIndex uint64 // logging only
 }
 
 func (s *IncomingSnapshot) String() string {
@@ -527,10 +528,10 @@ func (s *IncomingSnapshot) String() string {
 
 // SafeFormat implements the redact.SafeFormatter interface.
 func (s *IncomingSnapshot) SafeFormat(w redact.SafePrinter, _ rune) {
-	w.Printf("%s snapshot %s at applied index %d", s.snapType, s.SnapUUID.Short(), s.State.RaftAppliedIndex)
+	w.Printf("%s snapshot %s at applied index %d", s.snapType, s.SnapUUID.Short(), s.raftAppliedIndex)
 }
 
-// snapshot creates an OutgoingSnapshot containing a rocksdb snapshot for the
+// snapshot creates an OutgoingSnapshot containing a pebble snapshot for the
 // given range. Note that snapshot() is called without Replica.raftMu held.
 func snapshot(
 	ctx context.Context,
@@ -758,9 +759,9 @@ func (r *Replica) applySnapshot(
 	hs raftpb.HardState,
 	subsumedRepls []*Replica,
 ) (err error) {
-	s := *inSnap.State
-	if s.Desc.RangeID != r.RangeID {
-		log.Fatalf(ctx, "unexpected range ID %d", s.Desc.RangeID)
+	desc := inSnap.Desc
+	if desc.RangeID != r.RangeID {
+		log.Fatalf(ctx, "unexpected range ID %d", desc.RangeID)
 	}
 
 	isInitialSnap := !r.IsInitialized()
@@ -852,7 +853,11 @@ func (r *Replica) applySnapshot(
 	r.store.raftEntryCache.Drop(r.RangeID)
 
 	if err := r.raftMu.stateLoader.SetRaftTruncatedState(
-		ctx, &unreplicatedSST, s.TruncatedState,
+		ctx, &unreplicatedSST,
+		&roachpb.RaftTruncatedState{
+			Index: nonemptySnap.Metadata.Index,
+			Term:  nonemptySnap.Metadata.Term,
+		},
 	); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrapf(err, "unable to write TruncatedState to unreplicated SST writer")
 	}
@@ -868,11 +873,6 @@ func (r *Replica) applySnapshot(
 		}
 	}
 
-	if s.RaftAppliedIndex != nonemptySnap.Metadata.Index {
-		log.Fatalf(ctx, "snapshot RaftAppliedIndex %d doesn't match its metadata index %d",
-			s.RaftAppliedIndex, nonemptySnap.Metadata.Index)
-	}
-
 	// If we're subsuming a replica below, we don't have its last NextReplicaID,
 	// nor can we obtain it. That's OK: we can just be conservative and use the
 	// maximum possible replica ID. preDestroyRaftMuLocked will write a replica
@@ -880,7 +880,7 @@ func (r *Replica) applySnapshot(
 	// problematic, as it would prevent this store from ever having a new replica
 	// of the removed range. In this case, however, it's copacetic, as subsumed
 	// ranges _can't_ have new replicas.
-	if err := r.clearSubsumedReplicaDiskData(ctx, inSnap.SSTStorageScratch, s.Desc, subsumedRepls, mergedTombstoneReplicaID); err != nil {
+	if err := r.clearSubsumedReplicaDiskData(ctx, inSnap.SSTStorageScratch, desc, subsumedRepls, mergedTombstoneReplicaID); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	stats.subsumedReplicas = timeutil.Now()
@@ -896,6 +896,16 @@ func (r *Replica) applySnapshot(
 	}
 	stats.ingestion = timeutil.Now()
 
+	state, err := stateloader.Make(desc.RangeID).Load(ctx, r.store.engine, desc)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf(ctx, "unable to load replica state: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if state.RaftAppliedIndex != nonemptySnap.Metadata.Index {
+		log.Fatalf(ctx, "snapshot RaftAppliedIndex %d doesn't match its metadata index %d",
+			state.RaftAppliedIndex, nonemptySnap.Metadata.Index)
+	}
+
 	// The on-disk state is now committed, but the corresponding in-memory state
 	// has not yet been updated. Any errors past this point must therefore be
 	// treated as fatal.
@@ -926,7 +936,7 @@ func (r *Replica) applySnapshot(
 			log.Fatalf(ctx, "unable to remove placeholder: %s", err)
 		}
 	}
-	r.setDescLockedRaftMuLocked(ctx, s.Desc)
+	r.setDescLockedRaftMuLocked(ctx, desc)
 	if err := r.store.maybeMarkReplicaInitializedLockedReplLocked(ctx, r); err != nil {
 		log.Fatalf(ctx, "unable to mark replica initialized while applying snapshot: %+v", err)
 	}
@@ -942,18 +952,18 @@ func (r *Replica) applySnapshot(
 	// performance implications are not likely to be drastic. If our
 	// feelings about this ever change, we can add a LastIndex field to
 	// raftpb.SnapshotMetadata.
-	r.mu.lastIndex = s.RaftAppliedIndex
+	r.mu.lastIndex = state.RaftAppliedIndex
 	r.mu.lastTerm = invalidLastTerm
 	r.mu.raftLogSize = 0
 	// Update the store stats for the data in the snapshot.
 	r.store.metrics.subtractMVCCStats(ctx, r.mu.tenantID, *r.mu.state.Stats)
-	r.store.metrics.addMVCCStats(ctx, r.mu.tenantID, *s.Stats)
+	r.store.metrics.addMVCCStats(ctx, r.mu.tenantID, *state.Stats)
 	lastKnownLease := r.mu.state.Lease
 	// Update the rest of the Raft state. Changes to r.mu.state.Desc must be
 	// managed by r.setDescRaftMuLocked and changes to r.mu.state.Lease must be handled
 	// by r.leasePostApply, but we called those above, so now it's safe to
 	// wholesale replace r.mu.state.
-	r.mu.state = s
+	r.mu.state = state
 	// Snapshots typically have fewer log entries than the leaseholder. The next
 	// time we hold the lease, recompute the log size before making decisions.
 	r.mu.raftLogSizeTrusted = false
@@ -962,13 +972,13 @@ func (r *Replica) applySnapshot(
 	// replica according to whether it holds the lease. We allow jumps in the
 	// lease sequence because there may be multiple lease changes accounted for
 	// in the snapshot.
-	r.leasePostApplyLocked(ctx, lastKnownLease, s.Lease /* newLease */, prioReadSum, allowLeaseJump)
+	r.leasePostApplyLocked(ctx, lastKnownLease, state.Lease /* newLease */, prioReadSum, allowLeaseJump)
 
 	// Similarly, if we subsumed any replicas through the snapshot (meaning that
 	// we missed the application of a merge) and we are the new leaseholder, we
 	// make sure to update the timestamp cache using the prior read summary to
 	// account for any reads that were served on the right-hand side range(s).
-	if len(subsumedRepls) > 0 && s.Lease.Replica.ReplicaID == r.mu.replicaID && prioReadSum != nil {
+	if len(subsumedRepls) > 0 && state.Lease.Replica.ReplicaID == r.mu.replicaID && prioReadSum != nil {
 		applyReadSummaryToTimestampCache(r.store.tsCache, r.descRLocked(), *prioReadSum)
 	}
 
@@ -995,7 +1005,7 @@ func (r *Replica) applySnapshot(
 	// Update the replica's cached byte thresholds. This is a no-op if the system
 	// config is not available, in which case we rely on the next gossip update
 	// to perform the update.
-	if err := r.updateRangeInfo(ctx, s.Desc); err != nil {
+	if err := r.updateRangeInfo(ctx, desc); err != nil {
 		log.Fatalf(ctx, "unable to update range info while applying snapshot: %+v", err)
 	}
 
diff --git a/pkg/kv/kvserver/store_snapshot.go b/pkg/kv/kvserver/store_snapshot.go
index 035a3251424d..d5bf8264c207 100644
--- a/pkg/kv/kvserver/store_snapshot.go
+++ b/pkg/kv/kvserver/store_snapshot.go
@@ -290,8 +290,9 @@ func (kvSS *kvBatchSnapshotStrategy) Receive(
 			inSnap := IncomingSnapshot{
 				SnapUUID:          snapUUID,
 				SSTStorageScratch: kvSS.scratch,
-				State:             &header.State,
+				Desc:              header.State.Desc,
 				snapType:          header.Type,
+				raftAppliedIndex:  header.State.RaftAppliedIndex,
 			}
 
 			kvSS.status = fmt.Sprintf("ssts: %d", len(kvSS.scratch.SSTs()))
diff --git a/pkg/kv/kvserver/store_test.go b/pkg/kv/kvserver/store_test.go
index 65aa6cbf7062..586721e522c8 100644
--- a/pkg/kv/kvserver/store_test.go
+++ b/pkg/kv/kvserver/store_test.go
@@ -2817,7 +2817,7 @@ func TestStoreRemovePlaceholderOnRaftIgnored(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := s.processRaftSnapshotRequest(ctx, req,
 		IncomingSnapshot{
 			SnapUUID:    uuid.MakeV4(),
-			State:       &kvserverpb.ReplicaState{Desc: repl1.Desc()},
+			Desc:        repl1.Desc(),
 			placeholder: placeholder,
 		},
 	); err != nil {