diff --git a/src/core/blueprint/blueprint.rs b/src/core/blueprint/blueprint.rs
index d5dd1a3d06..6fa14f5c67 100644
--- a/src/core/blueprint/blueprint.rs
+++ b/src/core/blueprint/blueprint.rs
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ impl Type {
             Type::ListType { non_null, .. } => *non_null,
         }
     }
+
     /// checks if the type is a list
     pub fn is_list(&self) -> bool {
         matches!(self, Type::ListType { .. })
diff --git a/src/core/jit/synth/synth.rs b/src/core/jit/synth/synth.rs
index f319e97b0e..387952bb30 100644
--- a/src/core/jit/synth/synth.rs
+++ b/src/core/jit/synth/synth.rs
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ where
             if !self.include(child) {
                 continue;
             }
+            // TODO: in case of error set `child.output_name` to null
+            // and append error to response error array
             let val = self.iter(child, None, &DataPath::new())?;
 
             data.insert_key(&child.output_name, val);
@@ -50,12 +52,6 @@ where
         Ok(Value::object(data))
     }
 
-    /// checks if type_of is an array and value is an array
-    #[inline(always)]
-    fn is_array(type_of: &crate::core::blueprint::Type, value: &Value) -> bool {
-        type_of.is_list() == value.as_array().is_some()
-    }
-
     #[inline(always)]
     fn iter(
         &'a self,
@@ -80,8 +76,8 @@ where
                     Data::Single(result) => {
                         let value = result.as_ref().map_err(Clone::clone)?;
 
-                        if !Self::is_array(&node.type_of, value) {
-                            return Ok(Value::null());
+                        if node.type_of.is_list() != value.as_array().is_some() {
+                            return self.node_nullable_guard(node);
                         }
                         self.iter_inner(node, value, data_path)
                     }
@@ -92,12 +88,26 @@ where
                 }
             }
             None => match value {
-                Some(value) => self.iter_inner(node, value, data_path),
-                None => Ok(Value::null()),
+                Some(result) => self.iter_inner(node, result, data_path),
+                None => self.node_nullable_guard(node),
             },
         }
     }
 
+    /// This guard ensures to return Null value only if node type permits it, in
+    /// case it does not it throws an Error
+    fn node_nullable_guard(
+        &'a self,
+        node: &'a Field<Nested<Value>, Value>,
+    ) -> Result<Value, Positioned<Error>> {
+        // according to GraphQL spec https://spec.graphql.org/October2021/#sec-Handling-Field-Errors
+        if node.type_of.is_nullable() {
+            Ok(Value::null())
+        } else {
+            Err(ValidationError::ValueRequired.into()).map_err(|e| self.to_location_error(e, node))
+        }
+    }
+
     #[inline(always)]
     fn iter_inner(
         &'a self,
@@ -105,12 +115,18 @@ where
         value: &'a Value,
         data_path: &DataPath,
     ) -> Result<Value, Positioned<Error>> {
+        // skip the field if field is not included in schema
         if !self.include(node) {
             return Ok(Value::null());
         }
 
         let eval_result = if value.is_null() {
-            if node.type_of.is_nullable() {
+            // check the nullability of this type unwrapping list modifier
+            let is_nullable = match &node.type_of {
+                crate::core::blueprint::Type::NamedType { non_null, .. } => !*non_null,
+                crate::core::blueprint::Type::ListType { of_type, .. } => of_type.is_nullable(),
+            };
+            if is_nullable {
                 Ok(Value::null())
             } else {
                 Err(ValidationError::ValueRequired.into())
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_0.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_0.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c526e94e7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_0.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": {
+      "basicPresent": {
+        "id": 1,
+        "bar": "bar_1"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_1.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_1.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93309c9793
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_1.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": null,
+    "errors": [
+      {
+        "message": "internal: non-null types require a return value",
+        "locations": [
+          {
+            "line": 1,
+            "column": 32
+          }
+        ],
+        "path": [
+          "basicFieldMissing",
+          "bar"
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_10.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_10.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1621f25fbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_10.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": {
+      "innerPresent": [
+        {
+          "id": 1,
+          "bar": "bar_1"
+        },
+        {
+          "id": 2,
+          "bar": "bar_2"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_11.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_11.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7cb54826dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_11.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": {
+      "innerMissing": null
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_12.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_12.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5d4689146
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_12.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": null,
+    "errors": [
+      {
+        "message": "internal: non-null types require a return value",
+        "locations": [
+          {
+            "line": 1,
+            "column": 32
+          }
+        ],
+        "path": [
+          "innerFieldMissing",
+          1,
+          "bar"
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_13.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_13.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..65e3a4af79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_13.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": null,
+    "errors": [
+      {
+        "message": "internal: non-null types require a return value",
+        "locations": [
+          {
+            "line": 1,
+            "column": 29
+          }
+        ],
+        "path": [
+          "innerEntryMissing",
+          1,
+          "id"
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_14.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_14.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c5e590a3a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_14.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": {
+      "outerPresent": [
+        {
+          "id": 1,
+          "bar": "bar_1"
+        },
+        {
+          "id": 2,
+          "bar": "bar_2"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_15.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_15.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e96d3c87a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_15.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": null,
+    "errors": [
+      {
+        "message": "internal: non-null types require a return value",
+        "locations": [
+          {
+            "line": 1,
+            "column": 9
+          }
+        ],
+        "path": [
+          "outerMissing"
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_16.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_16.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f04b340dcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_16.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": null,
+    "errors": [
+      {
+        "message": "internal: non-null types require a return value",
+        "locations": [
+          {
+            "line": 1,
+            "column": 32
+          }
+        ],
+        "path": [
+          "outerFieldMissing",
+          1,
+          "bar"
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_17.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_17.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6f7294e44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_17.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": null,
+    "errors": [
+      {
+        "message": "internal: non-null types require a return value",
+        "locations": [
+          {
+            "line": 1,
+            "column": 29
+          }
+        ],
+        "path": [
+          "outerEntryMissing",
+          1,
+          "id"
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_18.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_18.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f3832a962b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_18.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": {
+      "nonePresent": [
+        {
+          "id": 1,
+          "bar": "bar_1"
+        },
+        {
+          "id": 2,
+          "bar": "bar_2"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_19.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_19.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..52b8480df5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_19.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": {
+      "noneMissing": null
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_2.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_2.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7f404ec366
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_2.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": null,
+    "errors": [
+      {
+        "message": "internal: non-null types require a return value",
+        "locations": [
+          {
+            "line": 1,
+            "column": 9
+          }
+        ],
+        "path": [
+          "basicMissing"
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_20.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_20.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8ec7714e13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_20.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": null,
+    "errors": [
+      {
+        "message": "internal: non-null types require a return value",
+        "locations": [
+          {
+            "line": 1,
+            "column": 31
+          }
+        ],
+        "path": [
+          "noneFieldMissing",
+          1,
+          "bar"
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_21.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_21.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0bee8203d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_21.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": null,
+    "errors": [
+      {
+        "message": "internal: non-null types require a return value",
+        "locations": [
+          {
+            "line": 1,
+            "column": 28
+          }
+        ],
+        "path": [
+          "noneEntryMissing",
+          1,
+          "id"
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_3.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_3.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..635314f4a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_3.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": {
+      "relaxedPresent": {
+        "id": 1,
+        "bar": "bar_1"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_4.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_4.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..39634a5fb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_4.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": null,
+    "errors": [
+      {
+        "message": "internal: non-null types require a return value",
+        "locations": [
+          {
+            "line": 1,
+            "column": 34
+          }
+        ],
+        "path": [
+          "relaxedFieldMissing",
+          "bar"
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_5.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_5.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ecc8ec71f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_5.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": {
+      "relaxedMissing": null
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_6.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_6.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2355e1e2bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_6.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": {
+      "fullPresent": [
+        {
+          "id": 1,
+          "bar": "bar_1"
+        },
+        {
+          "id": 2,
+          "bar": "bar_2"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_7.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_7.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79647f46ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_7.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": null,
+    "errors": [
+      {
+        "message": "internal: non-null types require a return value",
+        "locations": [
+          {
+            "line": 1,
+            "column": 9
+          }
+        ],
+        "path": [
+          "fullMissing"
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_8.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_8.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d0b7ef5c84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_8.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": null,
+    "errors": [
+      {
+        "message": "internal: non-null types require a return value",
+        "locations": [
+          {
+            "line": 1,
+            "column": 31
+          }
+        ],
+        "path": [
+          "fullFieldMissing",
+          1,
+          "bar"
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_9.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_9.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..392bb18994
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_9.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: response
+---
+{
+  "status": 200,
+  "headers": {
+    "content-type": "application/json"
+  },
+  "body": {
+    "data": null,
+    "errors": [
+      {
+        "message": "internal: non-null types require a return value",
+        "locations": [
+          {
+            "line": 1,
+            "column": 28
+          }
+        ],
+        "path": [
+          "fullEntryMissing",
+          1,
+          "id"
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_client.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_client.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d38a402d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_client.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: formatted
+---
+scalar Bytes
+
+scalar Date
+
+scalar DateTime
+
+scalar Email
+
+scalar Empty
+
+type Foo {
+  bar: String!
+  id: Int!
+}
+
+scalar Int128
+
+scalar Int16
+
+scalar Int32
+
+scalar Int64
+
+scalar Int8
+
+scalar JSON
+
+scalar PhoneNumber
+
+type Query {
+  basicFieldMissing: Foo!
+  basicMissing: Foo!
+  basicPresent: Foo!
+  fullEntryMissing: [Foo!]!
+  fullFieldMissing: [Foo!]!
+  fullMissing: [Foo!]!
+  fullPresent: [Foo!]!
+  innerEntryMissing: [Foo!]
+  innerFieldMissing: [Foo!]
+  innerMissing: [Foo!]
+  innerPresent: [Foo!]
+  noneEntryMissing: [Foo]
+  noneFieldMissing: [Foo]
+  noneMissing: [Foo]
+  nonePresent: [Foo]
+  outerEntryMissing: [Foo]!
+  outerFieldMissing: [Foo]!
+  outerMissing: [Foo]!
+  outerPresent: [Foo]!
+  relaxedFieldMissing: Foo
+  relaxedMissing: Foo
+  relaxedPresent: Foo
+}
+
+scalar UInt128
+
+scalar UInt16
+
+scalar UInt32
+
+scalar UInt64
+
+scalar UInt8
+
+scalar Url
+
+schema {
+  query: Query
+}
diff --git a/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_merged.snap b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_merged.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a4bb400ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/snapshots/test-required-fields.md_merged.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+source: tests/core/spec.rs
+expression: formatter
+---
+schema @server @upstream(baseURL: "http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com") {
+  query: Query
+}
+
+type Foo {
+  bar: String!
+  id: Int!
+}
+
+type Query {
+  basicFieldMissing: Foo! @http(path: "/basic-field-missing")
+  basicMissing: Foo! @http(path: "/basic-missing")
+  basicPresent: Foo! @http(path: "/basic-present")
+  fullEntryMissing: [Foo!]! @http(path: "/full-entry-missing")
+  fullFieldMissing: [Foo!]! @http(path: "/full-field-missing")
+  fullMissing: [Foo!]! @http(path: "/full-missing")
+  fullPresent: [Foo!]! @http(path: "/full-present")
+  innerEntryMissing: [Foo!] @http(path: "/inner-entry-missing")
+  innerFieldMissing: [Foo!] @http(path: "/inner-field-missing")
+  innerMissing: [Foo!] @http(path: "/inner-missing")
+  innerPresent: [Foo!] @http(path: "/inner-present")
+  noneEntryMissing: [Foo] @http(path: "/none-entry-missing")
+  noneFieldMissing: [Foo] @http(path: "/none-field-missing")
+  noneMissing: [Foo] @http(path: "/none-missing")
+  nonePresent: [Foo] @http(path: "/none-present")
+  outerEntryMissing: [Foo]! @http(path: "/outer-entry-missing")
+  outerFieldMissing: [Foo]! @http(path: "/outer-field-missing")
+  outerMissing: [Foo]! @http(path: "/outer-missing")
+  outerPresent: [Foo]! @http(path: "/outer-present")
+  relaxedFieldMissing: Foo @http(path: "/relaxed-field-missing")
+  relaxedMissing: Foo @http(path: "/relaxed-missing")
+  relaxedPresent: Foo @http(path: "/relaxed-present")
+}
diff --git a/tests/execution/test-required-fields.md b/tests/execution/test-required-fields.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..115ca86075
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/execution/test-required-fields.md
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+# Test API
+
+```graphql @config
+schema @server @upstream(baseURL: "http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com") {
+  query: Query
+}
+
+type Query {
+  basicPresent: Foo! @http(path: "/basic-present")
+  basicFieldMissing: Foo! @http(path: "/basic-field-missing")
+  basicMissing: Foo! @http(path: "/basic-missing")
+  relaxedPresent: Foo @http(path: "/relaxed-present")
+  relaxedFieldMissing: Foo @http(path: "/relaxed-field-missing")
+  relaxedMissing: Foo @http(path: "/relaxed-missing")
+  fullPresent: [Foo!]! @http(path: "/full-present")
+  fullMissing: [Foo!]! @http(path: "/full-missing")
+  fullFieldMissing: [Foo!]! @http(path: "/full-field-missing")
+  fullEntryMissing: [Foo!]! @http(path: "/full-entry-missing")
+  innerPresent: [Foo!] @http(path: "/inner-present")
+  innerMissing: [Foo!] @http(path: "/inner-missing")
+  innerFieldMissing: [Foo!] @http(path: "/inner-field-missing")
+  innerEntryMissing: [Foo!] @http(path: "/inner-entry-missing")
+  outerPresent: [Foo]! @http(path: "/outer-present")
+  outerMissing: [Foo]! @http(path: "/outer-missing")
+  outerFieldMissing: [Foo]! @http(path: "/outer-field-missing")
+  outerEntryMissing: [Foo]! @http(path: "/outer-entry-missing")
+  nonePresent: [Foo] @http(path: "/none-present")
+  noneMissing: [Foo] @http(path: "/none-missing")
+  noneFieldMissing: [Foo] @http(path: "/none-field-missing")
+  noneEntryMissing: [Foo] @http(path: "/none-entry-missing")
+}
+
+type Foo {
+  id: Int!
+  bar: String!
+}
+```
+
+```yml @mock
+# this does not fail
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/basic-present
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body:
+      id: 1
+      bar: bar_1
+
+# this fails
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/basic-field-missing
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body:
+      id: 1
+      bar: null
+
+# this fails
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/basic-missing
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body: null
+
+# this does not fail
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/relaxed-present
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body:
+      id: 1
+      bar: bar_1
+
+# this fails
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/relaxed-field-missing
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body:
+      id: 1
+      bar: null
+
+# this does not fail
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/relaxed-missing
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body: null
+
+# this does not fail
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/full-present
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body:
+      - id: 1
+        bar: bar_1
+      - id: 2
+        bar: bar_2
+
+# this fails
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/full-missing
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body: null
+
+# this fails
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/full-field-missing
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body:
+      - id: 1
+        bar: bar_1
+      - id: 2
+        bar: null
+
+# this fails
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/full-entry-missing
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body:
+      - id: 1
+        bar: bar_1
+      - null
+
+# this does not fail
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/inner-present
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body:
+      - id: 1
+        bar: bar_1
+      - id: 2
+        bar: bar_2
+
+# this does not fail
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/inner-missing
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body: null
+
+# this fails
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/inner-field-missing
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body:
+      - id: 1
+        bar: bar_1
+      - id: 2
+        bar: null
+
+# this fails
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/inner-entry-missing
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body:
+      - id: 1
+        bar: bar_1
+      - null
+
+# this does not fail
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/outer-present
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body:
+      - id: 1
+        bar: bar_1
+      - id: 2
+        bar: bar_2
+
+# this fails
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/outer-missing
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body: null
+
+# this fails
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/outer-field-missing
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body:
+      - id: 1
+        bar: bar_1
+      - id: 2
+        bar: null
+
+# this does not fail
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/outer-entry-missing
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body:
+      - id: 1
+        bar: bar_1
+      - null
+
+# this does not fail
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/none-present
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body:
+      - id: 1
+        bar: bar_1
+      - id: 2
+        bar: bar_2
+
+# this does not fail
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/none-missing
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body: null
+
+# this fails
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/none-field-missing
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body:
+      - id: 1
+        bar: bar_1
+      - id: 2
+        bar: null
+
+# this does not fail
+- request:
+    method: GET
+    url: http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/none-entry-missing
+  response:
+    status: 200
+    body:
+      - id: 1
+        bar: bar_1
+      - null
+```
+
+```yml @test
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { basicPresent { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { basicFieldMissing { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { basicMissing { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { relaxedPresent { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { relaxedFieldMissing { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { relaxedMissing { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { fullPresent { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { fullMissing { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { fullFieldMissing { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { fullEntryMissing { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { innerPresent { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { innerMissing { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { innerFieldMissing { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { innerEntryMissing { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { outerPresent { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { outerMissing { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { outerFieldMissing { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { outerEntryMissing { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { nonePresent { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { noneMissing { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { noneFieldMissing { id bar } }
+- method: POST
+  url: http://localhost:8080/graphql
+  body:
+    query: query { noneEntryMissing { id bar } }
+```