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Identity Credential

This repository contains libraries and applications for working with Real-World Identity. The initial focus for this work was mdoc/mDL according to ISO/IEC 18013-5:2021 and related standards (mainly ISO 23220 series and ISO 18013-7) but the current scope also include other credential formats.

Identity Credential Libraries

The project includes libraries written in Kotlin:

  • identity provides the core building blocks and which can also be used in server-side environments.
  • identity-mdoc provides data structures and routines for working with mdoc credentials. This library can also be used in server-side-environments
  • identity-sdjwt provides data structures and routines for working with IETF SD-JWT credentials. This library can also be used in server-side environments.
  • identity-android provides Android-specific extensions. It is designed to run on Android (API 24 or later) and will take advantage of Android-specific features including hardware-backed Keystore, NFC, Bluetooth Low Energy, and so on.
  • identity-android-legacy contains an older version of the APIs for applications not yet migrated to the newer libraries. At some point this library will be removed. Unlike the other libraries and applications, this library is in Java, not Kotlin.
  • identity-doctypes contains known credential document types (for example ISO/IEC 18013-5:2021 mDL and EU PID) along with human-readable descriptions of claims / data elements and also sample data. This is packaged separately from the core identity library because its size is non-negligible and not all applications need this or they may bring their own.
  • identity-csa and identity-android-csa are libraries for implementing and communicating with a Cloud-based Secure Area. This is discussed more in-depth below.

These libraries are intended to be used by Wallet Applications (mobile applications on the credential holder's device), Reader Applications (applications operated on device controlled by the verifier), and Issuance Systems (applications operated by the credential issuer or their agent). They provide the following building blocks

  • A light-weight Secure Area abstraction for hardware-backed keystore
    • Applications can create hardware-backed Elliptic Curve Cryptography keys which can be used for creating Signatures or performing Key Agreement. Each key will have an attestation which can be used to prove to Relying Parties (such as a credential issuer) that the private part of the key only exists in a Secure Area.
    • The identity-android library includes an implementation based on Android Keystore with support for requiring user authentication (biometric or lock-screen knowledge factor, e.g. system PIN) for unlocking the key and also can use StrongBox if available on the device. This is appropriate to use in Android applications implementing ISO/IEC 18013-5:2021 for storing DeviceKey.
    • The identity library includes an implementation backed by BouncyCastle with support for passphrase-protected keys. This isn't suitable for use in Mobile Applications as its not backed by Secure Hardware.
    • A protocol for a Cloud Secure Area is provided along with production quality client-side implementation in the identity-android-csa library and a reference implementation of the server side in the identity-csa library with the caveat that the provided server implementation isn't suitable for production use.
      • The point of this is to provide a secure and privacy-preserving protocol with end-to-end encryption directly from the app to a Secure Area in the server, with messages being exchanged via HTTPS. Consequently, this allows server implementations to terminate TLS outside the server's Secure Area without sacrificing privacy.
      • Key material created by applications is designed to never leave the Secure Area on the server.
      • The protocol has support for requiring user authentication (biometric or lock-screen knowledge factor, e.g. system PIN) and/or passphrase for unlocking the key material.
      • The way the protocol works is that the Cloud Secure Area learns very little about the user (only which Android application is requesting service) so if the Cloud Secure Area is run by another entity than the credential issuer (and no collusion exists between the two), this can provide the same level of privacy as when the Secure Area is local on the device.
      • This protocol is currently marked as experimental and may change in the future.
    • Applications can supply their own Secure Area implementations for e.g. externally attached dongles, cloud based HSMs, or whatever the issuer deems appropriate to protect key material associated with their credential.
  • A Credential Store for storage of one or more Credentials
    • Each Credential has a Credential Key which can be used by the issuer to bind a credential to a specific device which is useful when issuing updates or refreshing a credential.
    • Additionally, each Credential has one or more Authentication Keys which can be endorsed by the issuer and used at presentation time.
    • Finally, namespaced data and arbitrary key/value pairs can be stored in a Credential which can be used for credential data and claims. This data is stored encrypted at rest.
  • Data structures and code for provisioning of mdoc/mDLs
    • This code can can be used both on the device and issuer side. No networking protocol is defined, the application has to define its own.
  • Parsers and generators for all data structures used in ISO/IEC 18013-5:2021 presentations, including DeviceResponse, DeviceRequest, MobileSecurityObject and many other CBOR data structures.
  • An implementation of the ISO/IEC 18013-5:2021 presentation flows including QR engagement, NFC engagement (both static and negotiated), device retrieval (BLE, Wifi Aware, and NFC)

Currently these libraries require a Java runtime environment but the plan is to target Kotlin Multiplatform for the libraries and Compose Multiplatform for applications and samples.

Customization

The wallet application is intended to be easily customizable by downstream consumers and has built-in support for this via Android product flavors. Downstreams are expected to change files under wallet/src/customized to suit their configuration, including

  • strings/icons (in particular the application name) and text in about.md
  • configuration in WalletApplicationConfiguration.kt in particular change the wallet server address from ws.example.com to point to your own wallet server
  • the ws.example.com domain in network_security_config.xml
  • the com.example.wallet.customized applicationId in wallet/build.gradle

The server application can be customized using the server/web.xml file.

Command-line tool

A command-line tool identityctl is included which can be used to generate ISO/IEC 18013-5:2021 IACA test certificates among other things. Use ./gradlew --quiet runIdentityCtl --args "help" for documentation on supported verbs and options.

Library releases, Versioning, and Documentation

Libraries are released on GMaven as needed and version numbers are encoded as YYYYMMDD. With each release, we also publish documentation at https://openwallet-foundation-labs.github.io/identity-credential/.

Wallet and Reader Android applications

This repository also contains two Android applications using this library in the appholder and appverifier modules. The Wallet application is a simple self-contained application which allows creating a number of mdoc credentials using four different mdoc Document Types:

  • org.iso.18013.5.1.mDL: Mobile Driving License
  • org.micov.1: mdoc for eHealth (link)
  • nl.rdw.mekb.1: mdoc for Vehicle Registration (link)
  • eu.europa.ec.eudi.pid.1: mdoc for Personal Identification

and their associated mdoc name spaces. The first one is defined in ISO/IEC 18013-5:2021 and the other three have been used at mdoc/mDL test events organized by participants of the ISO/IEC JTC1 SC17 WG10 working group.

The appholder offers two flavors: wallet and purse. There is not much difference between the two, except they have different application id, so they can coexist in a single device. They also have different labels and icon color. To select the desired flavor when running the app on a device/emulator, inside the Android Studio open the Build Variants panel. It should be easily reachable on the left side bar of the Android Studio, or by selecting: View -> Tool Windows -> Build Variants. Inside the Build Variants panel, at the appholder row, the desired flavor can be chosen. Once a flavor is selected, by running the app it will install it on the target device/emulator.

The wallet module is a rewrite of the appholder reference application with an eye towards a production-quality and easily rebrandable identity wallet application. Wallet app now attempts to connect to the wallet server on start-up, if that fails it continues in the standalone matter.

The identity-issuance module contains code for server-based credential issuance. It defines server/client interfaces as well as provides the implementation for them. Server environment (such as settings, resources or persistent storage) is abstracted away, so the code can be run on the client as well (only for development and demos).

The server module exposes server-side code (currently only from identity-issuance) as a runnable servlet. It contains the servlet itself and implementations for the server environment interfaces. Server configuration file, resources and database can be found in server/environment folder.

Use the following command to run the server locally for development: ./gradlew server:tomcatRun.

Sample Applications

The samples/ directory contain a number of sample applications, intended primarily to show certain library features or assess performance or correctness. The following samples are included

  • preconsent-mdl - Simple mDL application without user consent authentication.
    • The main purpose of this sample is to assess performance of our libraries, Android, the device it's being run on, and the mDL reader requesting the mDL.
    • The application allows the user to easily configure which kind of data transfer method to use, including an idealized near-zero latency method (DataTransportUdp) to help pinpoint potential performance bottlenecks not related to data transfer.
  • age-verifier-mdl - a simple mDL reader for age attestations.
    • This application is just requesting the age_over_21 and portrait. It's intended to be used with the preconsent-mdl sample for performance evaluation.
  • simple-verifier - a simple mDL reader for age attestations.
    • This application requests either {age_over_21 and portrait} or {age_over_18 and portrait}. It's intended to demonstrate use of the MdocReaderPrompt class, which allows any app to easily act as a reader app for the common age-verification use case.
  • testapp - a Compose Multiplatform application for manually testing elements of the project that aren't easily tested using unit tests.

ISO 18013-7 Reader Website

The wwwverifier module contains the source code for a website acting as an mdoc reader according to the latest ISO 18013-7 working draft (as of Sep 2023) and it's implementing the so-called REST API. There is currently a test instance of this application available at https://mdoc-reader-external.uc.r.appspot.com/. The Wallet Android application also has support for the REST API and registers on Android for the mdoc:// URI scheme. This can be tested end-to-end by going to the reader website (URL above) and clicking on one of the "Request" buttons, and then hitting the mdoc:// link presented on the site. This will cause the browser to invoke the Wallet app which will then connect to the reader and send the credential after user consent.

Building and deploying the ISO 18013-7 Reader Website

First, a project must first be created at https://console.cloud.google.com. Afterwards, navigate to Cloud Shell (https://shell.cloud.google.com), and clone the Identity Credential Library repository:

git clone https://github.com/google/identity-credential.git

Open the file wwwverifier/build.gradle, and set the property projectId to the project ID that you used to create your Cloud project:

appengine {
    deploy {   // deploy configuration
      version = 'v1'
      projectId = '<YOUR_PROJECT_ID>'
      ...
    }
}

Grant Datastore Owner permissions to your AppEngine service account:

gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding <YOUR_PROJECT_ID> \
    --member="serviceAccount:<YOUR_PROJECT_ID>@appspot.gserviceaccount.com" \
    --role="roles/datastore.owner"

Then, navigate to wwwverifier:

cd ~/identity-credential/wwwverifier

To run the website locally, execute the command:

gradle appengineRun

To deploy the website on a live server, execute the command:

gradle appengineDeploy

The above command will create a link to a live website. Then, navigate to the file ~/identity-credential/wwwverifier/src/main/java/com/android/identity/wwwreader/ServletConsts.java, and replace the following field with your website URL:

    public static final String BASE_URL = "<YOUR_WEBSITE_URL>";

Name

The name of the project is currently "Identity Credential" and it's using com.android.identity as the Java package name. This is because of the fact that the project was contributed from Google. Work is underway to find a new name and Java package name, see Issue #422.