diff --git a/crates/spfs/src/storage/blob.rs b/crates/spfs/src/storage/blob.rs
index 1cabc80ea..6dc5722ca 100644
--- a/crates/spfs/src/storage/blob.rs
+++ b/crates/spfs/src/storage/blob.rs
@@ -40,4 +40,5 @@ pub trait BlobStorage: graph::Database + Sync + Send {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: BlobStorage> BlobStorage for &T {}
+/// Blanket implementation.
+impl<T> BlobStorage for T where T: graph::Database + Sync + Send {}
diff --git a/crates/spfs/src/storage/fallback/repository.rs b/crates/spfs/src/storage/fallback/repository.rs
index 6de26c4a6..7413b8375 100644
--- a/crates/spfs/src/storage/fallback/repository.rs
+++ b/crates/spfs/src/storage/fallback/repository.rs
@@ -362,10 +362,6 @@ impl TagStorageMut for FallbackProxy {
     }
 }
 
-impl BlobStorage for FallbackProxy {}
-impl ManifestStorage for FallbackProxy {}
-impl LayerStorage for FallbackProxy {}
-impl PlatformStorage for FallbackProxy {}
 impl Address for FallbackProxy {
     fn address(&self) -> Cow<'_, url::Url> {
         let config = Config {
@@ -383,7 +379,6 @@ impl Address for FallbackProxy {
         )
     }
 }
-impl Repository for FallbackProxy {}
 
 impl LocalRepository for FallbackProxy {
     #[inline]
diff --git a/crates/spfs/src/storage/fs/repository.rs b/crates/spfs/src/storage/fs/repository.rs
index a90daf4a1..829b36b00 100644
--- a/crates/spfs/src/storage/fs/repository.rs
+++ b/crates/spfs/src/storage/fs/repository.rs
@@ -258,16 +258,11 @@ impl FsRepository {
     }
 }
 
-impl BlobStorage for FsRepository {}
-impl ManifestStorage for FsRepository {}
-impl LayerStorage for FsRepository {}
-impl PlatformStorage for FsRepository {}
 impl Address for FsRepository {
     fn address(&self) -> Cow<'_, url::Url> {
         Cow::Owned(url::Url::from_directory_path(self.root()).unwrap())
     }
 }
-impl Repository for FsRepository {}
 
 impl std::fmt::Debug for FsRepository {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
@@ -535,16 +530,11 @@ impl OpenFsRepository {
     }
 }
 
-impl BlobStorage for OpenFsRepository {}
-impl ManifestStorage for OpenFsRepository {}
-impl LayerStorage for OpenFsRepository {}
-impl PlatformStorage for OpenFsRepository {}
 impl Address for OpenFsRepository {
     fn address(&self) -> Cow<'_, url::Url> {
         Cow::Owned(url::Url::from_directory_path(self.root()).unwrap())
     }
 }
-impl Repository for OpenFsRepository {}
 
 impl std::fmt::Debug for OpenFsRepository {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
diff --git a/crates/spfs/src/storage/handle.rs b/crates/spfs/src/storage/handle.rs
index 12c44d5a1..f588f1adb 100644
--- a/crates/spfs/src/storage/handle.rs
+++ b/crates/spfs/src/storage/handle.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 // https://github.com/spkenv/spk
 
 use std::borrow::Cow;
-use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -13,7 +12,6 @@ use relative_path::RelativePath;
 use spfs_encoding as encoding;
 
 use super::prelude::*;
-use super::repository::Ref;
 use super::tag::TagSpecAndTagStream;
 use super::{RepositoryHandle, TagNamespace, TagNamespaceBuf, TagStorageMut};
 use crate::graph::ObjectProto;
@@ -42,29 +40,6 @@ impl Address for RepositoryHandle {
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl Repository for RepositoryHandle {
-    async fn has_ref(&self, reference: &str) -> bool {
-        each_variant!(self, repo, { repo.has_ref(reference).await })
-    }
-
-    async fn resolve_ref(&self, reference: &str) -> Result<encoding::Digest> {
-        each_variant!(self, repo, { repo.resolve_ref(reference).await })
-    }
-
-    async fn read_ref(&self, reference: &str) -> Result<graph::Object> {
-        each_variant!(self, repo, { repo.read_ref(reference).await })
-    }
-
-    async fn find_aliases(&self, reference: &str) -> Result<HashSet<Ref>> {
-        each_variant!(self, repo, { repo.find_aliases(reference).await })
-    }
-
-    async fn commit_blob(&self, reader: Pin<Box<dyn BlobRead>>) -> Result<encoding::Digest> {
-        each_variant!(self, repo, { repo.commit_blob(reader).await })
-    }
-}
-
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl TagStorage for RepositoryHandle {
     #[inline]
@@ -197,11 +172,6 @@ impl PayloadStorage for RepositoryHandle {
     }
 }
 
-impl BlobStorage for RepositoryHandle {}
-impl ManifestStorage for RepositoryHandle {}
-impl LayerStorage for RepositoryHandle {}
-impl PlatformStorage for RepositoryHandle {}
-
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl DatabaseView for RepositoryHandle {
     async fn has_object(&self, digest: encoding::Digest) -> bool {
@@ -256,34 +226,6 @@ impl Address for Arc<RepositoryHandle> {
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl Repository for Arc<RepositoryHandle> {
-    /// Return true if this repository contains the given reference.
-    async fn has_ref(&self, reference: &str) -> bool {
-        each_variant!(&**self, repo, { repo.has_ref(reference).await })
-    }
-
-    /// Resolve a tag or digest string into its absolute digest.
-    async fn resolve_ref(&self, reference: &str) -> Result<encoding::Digest> {
-        each_variant!(&**self, repo, { repo.resolve_ref(reference).await })
-    }
-
-    /// Read an object of unknown type by tag or digest.
-    async fn read_ref(&self, reference: &str) -> Result<graph::Object> {
-        each_variant!(&**self, repo, { repo.read_ref(reference).await })
-    }
-
-    /// Return the other identifiers that can be used for 'reference'.
-    async fn find_aliases(&self, reference: &str) -> Result<HashSet<Ref>> {
-        each_variant!(&**self, repo, { repo.find_aliases(reference).await })
-    }
-
-    /// Commit the data from 'reader' as a blob in this repository
-    async fn commit_blob(&self, reader: Pin<Box<dyn BlobRead>>) -> Result<encoding::Digest> {
-        each_variant!(&**self, repo, { repo.commit_blob(reader).await })
-    }
-}
-
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl TagStorage for Arc<RepositoryHandle> {
     #[inline]
@@ -402,11 +344,6 @@ impl PayloadStorage for Arc<RepositoryHandle> {
     }
 }
 
-impl BlobStorage for Arc<RepositoryHandle> {}
-impl ManifestStorage for Arc<RepositoryHandle> {}
-impl LayerStorage for Arc<RepositoryHandle> {}
-impl PlatformStorage for Arc<RepositoryHandle> {}
-
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl DatabaseView for Arc<RepositoryHandle> {
     async fn has_object(&self, digest: encoding::Digest) -> bool {
diff --git a/crates/spfs/src/storage/layer.rs b/crates/spfs/src/storage/layer.rs
index 9ea8df6b3..8103c5177 100644
--- a/crates/spfs/src/storage/layer.rs
+++ b/crates/spfs/src/storage/layer.rs
@@ -57,4 +57,5 @@ pub trait LayerStorage: graph::Database + Sync + Send {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: LayerStorage> LayerStorage for &T {}
+/// Blanket implementation.
+impl<T> LayerStorage for T where T: graph::Database + Sync + Send {}
diff --git a/crates/spfs/src/storage/manifest.rs b/crates/spfs/src/storage/manifest.rs
index 253fd3a27..a0647dfa1 100644
--- a/crates/spfs/src/storage/manifest.rs
+++ b/crates/spfs/src/storage/manifest.rs
@@ -43,4 +43,5 @@ pub trait ManifestStorage: graph::Database + Sync + Send {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: ManifestStorage> ManifestStorage for &T {}
+/// Blanket implementation.
+impl<T> ManifestStorage for T where T: graph::Database + Sync + Send {}
diff --git a/crates/spfs/src/storage/pinned/repository.rs b/crates/spfs/src/storage/pinned/repository.rs
index bf7a33ee4..69747dac1 100644
--- a/crates/spfs/src/storage/pinned/repository.rs
+++ b/crates/spfs/src/storage/pinned/repository.rs
@@ -150,10 +150,6 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> BlobStorage for PinnedRepository<T> where T: BlobStorage + 'static {}
-impl<T> ManifestStorage for PinnedRepository<T> where T: ManifestStorage + 'static {}
-impl<T> LayerStorage for PinnedRepository<T> where T: LayerStorage + 'static {}
-impl<T> PlatformStorage for PinnedRepository<T> where T: PlatformStorage + 'static {}
 impl<T> Address for PinnedRepository<T>
 where
     T: Repository + 'static,
@@ -165,7 +161,6 @@ where
         Cow::Owned(base)
     }
 }
-impl<T> Repository for PinnedRepository<T> where T: Repository + 'static {}
 
 impl<T> std::fmt::Debug for PinnedRepository<T>
 where
diff --git a/crates/spfs/src/storage/platform.rs b/crates/spfs/src/storage/platform.rs
index d0d5bdf63..06d5eb9a0 100644
--- a/crates/spfs/src/storage/platform.rs
+++ b/crates/spfs/src/storage/platform.rs
@@ -47,4 +47,5 @@ pub trait PlatformStorage: graph::Database + Sync + Send {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: PlatformStorage> PlatformStorage for &T {}
+/// Blanket implementation.
+impl<T> PlatformStorage for T where T: graph::Database + Sync + Send {}
diff --git a/crates/spfs/src/storage/proxy/repository.rs b/crates/spfs/src/storage/proxy/repository.rs
index c59f4e132..e22d28a93 100644
--- a/crates/spfs/src/storage/proxy/repository.rs
+++ b/crates/spfs/src/storage/proxy/repository.rs
@@ -331,10 +331,6 @@ impl TagStorageMut for ProxyRepository {
     }
 }
 
-impl BlobStorage for ProxyRepository {}
-impl ManifestStorage for ProxyRepository {}
-impl LayerStorage for ProxyRepository {}
-impl PlatformStorage for ProxyRepository {}
 impl Address for ProxyRepository {
     fn address(&self) -> Cow<'_, url::Url> {
         let config = Config {
@@ -348,4 +344,3 @@ impl Address for ProxyRepository {
         Cow::Owned(config.to_address().expect("config creates a valid url"))
     }
 }
-impl Repository for ProxyRepository {}
diff --git a/crates/spfs/src/storage/repository.rs b/crates/spfs/src/storage/repository.rs
index 984a63d7d..ea52d749c 100644
--- a/crates/spfs/src/storage/repository.rs
+++ b/crates/spfs/src/storage/repository.rs
@@ -111,27 +111,21 @@ pub trait Repository:
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl<T: Repository> Repository for &T {
-    async fn has_ref(&self, reference: &str) -> bool {
-        (**self).has_ref(reference).await
-    }
-
-    async fn resolve_ref(&self, reference: &str) -> Result<encoding::Digest> {
-        (**self).resolve_ref(reference).await
-    }
-
-    async fn read_ref(&self, reference: &str) -> Result<graph::Object> {
-        (**self).read_ref(reference).await
-    }
-
-    async fn find_aliases(&self, reference: &str) -> Result<HashSet<Ref>> {
-        (**self).find_aliases(reference).await
-    }
-
-    async fn commit_blob(&self, reader: Pin<Box<dyn BlobRead>>) -> Result<encoding::Digest> {
-        (**self).commit_blob(reader).await
-    }
+/// Blanket implementation.
+impl<T> Repository for T where
+    T: super::Address
+        + super::TagStorage
+        + super::PayloadStorage
+        + super::ManifestStorage
+        + super::BlobStorage
+        + super::LayerStorage
+        + super::PlatformStorage
+        + graph::Database
+        + graph::DatabaseView
+        + std::fmt::Debug
+        + Send
+        + Sync
+{
 }
 
 /// Accessor methods for types only applicable to repositories that have
diff --git a/crates/spfs/src/storage/rpc/database.rs b/crates/spfs/src/storage/rpc/database.rs
index 7b44ad670..c0afa685f 100644
--- a/crates/spfs/src/storage/rpc/database.rs
+++ b/crates/spfs/src/storage/rpc/database.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use futures::{Stream, TryStreamExt};
 use proto::RpcResult;
 
 use crate::graph::{self, ObjectProto};
-use crate::{encoding, proto, storage, Result};
+use crate::{encoding, proto, Result};
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl graph::DatabaseView for super::RpcRepository {
@@ -112,8 +112,3 @@ impl graph::Database for super::RpcRepository {
             .to_result()?)
     }
 }
-
-impl storage::PlatformStorage for super::RpcRepository {}
-impl storage::LayerStorage for super::RpcRepository {}
-impl storage::ManifestStorage for super::RpcRepository {}
-impl storage::BlobStorage for super::RpcRepository {}
diff --git a/crates/spfs/src/storage/rpc/repository.rs b/crates/spfs/src/storage/rpc/repository.rs
index 1cc66afb0..cdaa952a6 100644
--- a/crates/spfs/src/storage/rpc/repository.rs
+++ b/crates/spfs/src/storage/rpc/repository.rs
@@ -175,5 +175,3 @@ impl storage::Address for RpcRepository {
         Cow::Borrowed(&self.address)
     }
 }
-
-impl storage::Repository for RpcRepository {}
diff --git a/crates/spfs/src/storage/tar/repository.rs b/crates/spfs/src/storage/tar/repository.rs
index 32487fe28..14ec2396b 100644
--- a/crates/spfs/src/storage/tar/repository.rs
+++ b/crates/spfs/src/storage/tar/repository.rs
@@ -406,10 +406,6 @@ impl TagStorageMut for TarRepository {
     }
 }
 
-impl BlobStorage for TarRepository {}
-impl ManifestStorage for TarRepository {}
-impl LayerStorage for TarRepository {}
-impl PlatformStorage for TarRepository {}
 impl Address for TarRepository {
     fn address(&self) -> Cow<'_, url::Url> {
         Cow::Owned(
@@ -417,4 +413,3 @@ impl Address for TarRepository {
         )
     }
 }
-impl Repository for TarRepository {}