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Origin-1911-a-0025.txt
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RUDIMENTS OF
From F, Signature, to B Flat, B Flat, and E Flat, Signature.
1234 8765543 1
F G Ajy, B Bjj, A G F Ejy, D G Bjj.
From B]j, Signature, B^.andE^, to E]j, Signature, B^j, E^j, and/s
1234 8765 4321
Ejj D G Bjj Aj2 G F Ejj
From e]j, Signature, B^, E^j, and A^, to Ajj, Signature, Bjj, E^, A^ and D-j.
123 4 8765 432 1
EF G A A^GFE^D^CB^A^
DYNAMICS.
1. What is Dynamics?
It has reference to expression and the different degrees of power to
be applied to notes or syllables.
2. How may musical tones be sung or played?
They may be soft or loud.
3. From this fact what arises?
From the nature of musical tones arises the necessity ot uie third de -
partment in the elements of music, called Dynamics, which treats of the force
of the strength of tones.
4. What is the tone produced by the ordinary exertion of the vocal or -
gans called?
It is the medium or middle tone, and it is called by the Italian word
Mezzo, and is marked by the initial M.
5. What is the tone produced by some restraint of the vocal organs
MUSIC, Continued. 15
called?
It is a soft tone and is called Piano, and is marked P.
6. What is the tone produced by a strong, full vocal exertion called?
It is loud tone and is called Forte, and is marked F.
7. What is a tone produced by a small exertion of the vocal organs called?
It is a tone softer than Piano and is called Piannissimo, and is
marked P. P.
8. What is a tone produced by a stronger effort of the vocal organs than
is required for Forte called?
It is called Fortissimo.
9. What is a tone which is commenced, continued and ended with an
equal degree of power called?
It is called an Organ Tone.
10. What is a tone commencing soft and increasing loud called?
It is called Crescendo. It is marked Cres. or
called what?
11. A tone commencing loud and gradually diminishing to soft, is what?
It is called Diminuendo, and is marked thus:
12. A tone consisting of the union of Crescendo and Diminundo is
called what?
It is called a Swell and is marked by a union of Dim. and Cres.,
thus:
Note—The three preceding characters are frequently applied to passages
of music as well as to particular notes.
13. What is an accent?
A particular stress of voice laid on a part of the measure.
14. Describe the difference in emphasis and accent.
Emphasis has reference to the words which are sung to a piece of music.
It consists in a particular stress of the voice upon emphatic words without
regard to the rhymitical accent.
SOL MIZATION.
Solmization is the application of certain syllables or notes to musical
sounds. The end proposed by it is that the same name, invariably applied
to the same interval, may naturally suggest its true relation and proper
sound. The Italians use for this purpose the character or syllables Do, Re,
Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si (the proper pronounciation being Doe, Rae, Mee, Faw,
Sole, Law, See), and they are applied in this order to the ascending scale,
Si being the leading note. In this country and in England four of these notes
or syllables only have been commonly used, namely, Fa, Sol, La, Mi, the first
three being repeated and Mi being the leading note. However, the Italian
method has been preferred by many composers and instructors. Since the
shaping the heads of notes in this and the last century there has been a
great deal of music written in the four-shape and seven-shape notes. This
method is getting to be quite popular, especially in the Southern nad West -
ern states, and a great deal of it in the Northern states, and the use of the
shape headed notes or syllables is largely on the increase all over the
country, and is much easier learned than where all music is written in round
notes.