diff --git a/implementation/core/src/main/java/io/smallrye/faulttolerance/core/bulkhead/Bulkhead.java b/implementation/core/src/main/java/io/smallrye/faulttolerance/core/bulkhead/Bulkhead.java
index 558b6b7e..dc6d7d26 100644
--- a/implementation/core/src/main/java/io/smallrye/faulttolerance/core/bulkhead/Bulkhead.java
+++ b/implementation/core/src/main/java/io/smallrye/faulttolerance/core/bulkhead/Bulkhead.java
@@ -67,20 +67,32 @@ public Future<V> apply(FaultToleranceContext<V> ctx) {
     }
 
     private Future<V> applySync(FaultToleranceContext<V> ctx) {
-        if (workSemaphore.tryAcquire()) {
-            LOG.trace("Semaphore acquired, accepting task into bulkhead");
-            ctx.fireEvent(BulkheadEvents.DecisionMade.ACCEPTED);
-            ctx.fireEvent(BulkheadEvents.StartedRunning.INSTANCE);
-            try {
-                return delegate.apply(ctx);
-            } finally {
-                workSemaphore.release();
-                LOG.trace("Semaphore released, task leaving bulkhead");
-                ctx.fireEvent(BulkheadEvents.FinishedRunning.INSTANCE);
+        if (capacitySemaphore.tryAcquire()) {
+            LOG.trace("Capacity semaphore acquired, accepting task into bulkhead");
+            if (workSemaphore.tryAcquire()) {
+                LOG.trace("Work semaphore acquired, running task");
+                ctx.fireEvent(BulkheadEvents.DecisionMade.ACCEPTED);
+                ctx.fireEvent(BulkheadEvents.StartedRunning.INSTANCE);
+                try {
+                    return delegate.apply(ctx);
+                } finally {
+                    workSemaphore.release();
+                    LOG.trace("Work semaphore released, task finished");
+                    capacitySemaphore.release();
+                    LOG.trace("Capacity semaphore released, task leaving bulkhead");
+                    ctx.fireEvent(BulkheadEvents.FinishedRunning.INSTANCE);
+                }
+            } else {
+                capacitySemaphore.release();
+
+                LOG.debugOrTrace(description + " invocation prevented by bulkhead",
+                        "Work semaphore not acquired, rejecting task from bulkhead");
+                ctx.fireEvent(BulkheadEvents.DecisionMade.REJECTED);
+                return Future.ofError(new BulkheadException(description + " rejected from bulkhead"));
             }
         } else {
             LOG.debugOrTrace(description + " invocation prevented by bulkhead",
-                    "Semaphore not acquired, rejecting task from bulkhead");
+                    "Capacity semaphore not acquired, rejecting task from bulkhead");
             ctx.fireEvent(BulkheadEvents.DecisionMade.REJECTED);
             return Future.ofError(new BulkheadException(description + " rejected from bulkhead"));
         }
diff --git a/testsuite/basic/src/test/java/io/smallrye/faulttolerance/reuse/mixed/bulkhead/MixedReuseBulkheadTest.java b/testsuite/basic/src/test/java/io/smallrye/faulttolerance/reuse/mixed/bulkhead/MixedReuseBulkheadTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2bbec0af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testsuite/basic/src/test/java/io/smallrye/faulttolerance/reuse/mixed/bulkhead/MixedReuseBulkheadTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package io.smallrye.faulttolerance.reuse.mixed.bulkhead;
+
+import static io.smallrye.faulttolerance.core.util.SneakyThrow.sneakyThrow;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+
+import org.eclipse.microprofile.faulttolerance.exceptions.BulkheadException;
+import org.jboss.weld.junit5.auto.AddBeanClasses;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import io.smallrye.faulttolerance.core.util.barrier.Barrier;
+import io.smallrye.faulttolerance.util.FaultToleranceBasicTest;
+
+@FaultToleranceBasicTest
+@AddBeanClasses(MyFaultTolerance.class)
+public class MixedReuseBulkheadTest {
+    @Test
+    public void test(MyService service) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+        Barrier barrier1 = Barrier.interruptible();
+        Barrier barrier2 = Barrier.interruptible();
+        Barrier barrier3 = Barrier.interruptible();
+
+        // accepted
+        new Thread(() -> {
+            try {
+                service.hello(barrier1);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                throw sneakyThrow(e);
+            }
+        }).start();
+        service.theAnswer(barrier2);
+        service.badNumber(barrier3).subscribeAsCompletionStage();
+
+        // queued
+        service.theAnswer(Barrier.interruptible());
+        service.badNumber(Barrier.interruptible()).subscribeAsCompletionStage();
+
+        // rejected
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.hello(Barrier.interruptible())).isExactlyInstanceOf(BulkheadException.class);
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.theAnswer(Barrier.interruptible()).toCompletableFuture().join())
+                .isExactlyInstanceOf(CompletionException.class)
+                .hasCauseExactlyInstanceOf(BulkheadException.class);
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.badNumber(Barrier.interruptible()).subscribeAsCompletionStage().join())
+                .isExactlyInstanceOf(CompletionException.class)
+                .hasCauseExactlyInstanceOf(BulkheadException.class);
+
+        barrier1.open();
+        barrier2.open();
+        barrier3.open();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/testsuite/basic/src/test/java/io/smallrye/faulttolerance/reuse/mixed/bulkhead/MyFaultTolerance.java b/testsuite/basic/src/test/java/io/smallrye/faulttolerance/reuse/mixed/bulkhead/MyFaultTolerance.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b218bfb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testsuite/basic/src/test/java/io/smallrye/faulttolerance/reuse/mixed/bulkhead/MyFaultTolerance.java
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package io.smallrye.faulttolerance.reuse.mixed.bulkhead;
+
+import jakarta.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;
+import jakarta.enterprise.inject.Produces;
+
+import io.smallrye.common.annotation.Identifier;
+import io.smallrye.faulttolerance.api.Guard;
+
+@ApplicationScoped
+public class MyFaultTolerance {
+    @Produces
+    @Identifier("my-fault-tolerance")
+    public static final Guard GUARD = Guard.create()
+            .withBulkhead().limit(3).queueSize(2).done()
+            .build();
+}
diff --git a/testsuite/basic/src/test/java/io/smallrye/faulttolerance/reuse/mixed/bulkhead/MyService.java b/testsuite/basic/src/test/java/io/smallrye/faulttolerance/reuse/mixed/bulkhead/MyService.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..26e9aaf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testsuite/basic/src/test/java/io/smallrye/faulttolerance/reuse/mixed/bulkhead/MyService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package io.smallrye.faulttolerance.reuse.mixed.bulkhead;
+
+import static java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.completedFuture;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletionStage;
+
+import jakarta.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;
+
+import org.eclipse.microprofile.faulttolerance.Asynchronous;
+
+import io.smallrye.faulttolerance.api.ApplyGuard;
+import io.smallrye.faulttolerance.core.util.barrier.Barrier;
+import io.smallrye.mutiny.Uni;
+
+@ApplicationScoped
+public class MyService {
+    @ApplyGuard("my-fault-tolerance")
+    public String hello(Barrier barrier) throws InterruptedException {
+        barrier.await();
+        return "hello";
+    }
+
+    @ApplyGuard("my-fault-tolerance")
+    @Asynchronous
+    public CompletionStage<Integer> theAnswer(Barrier barrier) throws InterruptedException {
+        barrier.await();
+        return completedFuture(42);
+    }
+
+    @ApplyGuard("my-fault-tolerance")
+    @Asynchronous
+    public Uni<Long> badNumber(Barrier barrier) throws InterruptedException {
+        barrier.await();
+        return Uni.createFrom().item(13L);
+    }
+}