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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<search>
<entry>
<title>Docker入门</title>
<link href="89826705/"/>
<url>89826705/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h3 id="tldr"><a href="#tldr" class="headerlink" title="tldr;"></a>tldr;</h3><ul><li><code>docker images</code> 查看当前本地所有的镜像</li><li><code>docker ps</code> 当前所有创建的容器状态</li><li><code>docker pull image_name</code> 从官方仓库拉取镜像</li><li><code>docker exec -it --name [container_id | container_name] bash</code> 交互式连接一个正在运行的容器</li><li><code>docker rm container_id</code> 删除一个容器</li><li><code>docker [start|stop|restart] container_id</code> 启动、停止、重启一个容器</li></ul><a id="more"></a><h2 id="创建容器"><a href="#创建容器" class="headerlink" title="创建容器"></a>创建容器</h2><p><code>docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]</code></p><ul><li><p>docker run -it image_id –name define_name bash</p><p>run之后 容器就已经启动了</p></li><li><p>docker 挂载宿主机目录</p><p><code>docker run -it -v [宿主机目录]:[容器目录] --name [容器名] [完整镜像名 或者 镜像id] bash</code></p></li></ul><h2 id="启动与登陆"><a href="#启动与登陆" class="headerlink" title="启动与登陆"></a>启动与登陆</h2><ul><li><p>docker start CONTAINER_ID</p><p>启动一个容器</p></li><li><p>docker exec -it name|container_id bash</p><p>交互式连接容器</p></li></ul><h2 id="创建镜像"><a href="#创建镜像" class="headerlink" title="创建镜像"></a>创建镜像</h2><p>容器创建有两种方式</p><ul><li>登陆容器，配置之后commit</li><li>通过dockerfile 创建 </li></ul><blockquote><p>官方推荐使用dockerfile的方式</p></blockquote><h3 id="通过Dockerfile创建docker"><a href="#通过Dockerfile创建docker" class="headerlink" title="通过Dockerfile创建docker"></a>通过Dockerfile创建docker</h3><ol><li>写Dockerfile</li><li><code>docker build -t image_name:v1 .</code><ul><li>RUN 会执行命令</li><li>COPY会拷贝当前目录中的文件到docker中</li></ul></li><li>docker run</li></ol><p>未完，后续有时间更新…</p><hr><p>参考连接：</p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> tool </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> tool </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Vim开发环境</title>
<link href="977574a9/"/>
<url>977574a9/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="简介"><a href="#简介" class="headerlink" title="简介"></a>简介</h2><p> 个人搭建的vim C++开发环境， 使用coc.nvim框架 + ccls 提供补全服务。实现基本的语意补全、跳转，查找引用等功能。原则是尽量不修改vim原生按键功能。</p><p> 仓库地址：<a href="https://github.com/skywb/vim-config" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/skywb/vim-config</a></p><p> 简介于教程后续有时间更新….</p><a id="more"></a><h2 id="安装"><a href="#安装" class="headerlink" title="安装"></a>安装</h2><h3 id="依赖"><a href="#依赖" class="headerlink" title="依赖"></a>依赖</h3><ul><li>需要提前安装ccls或其它ls</li><li>nodejs > 10</li><li>python3</li></ul><h3 id="安装-1"><a href="#安装-1" class="headerlink" title="安装"></a>安装</h3><p> 直接将<a href="https://github.com/skywb/vim-config" target="_blank" rel="noopener">github仓库</a>克隆到本地, 并更新submodule，覆盖~/.vim 文件夹。 <code>请自行备份原来的文件夹</code></p><p> 创建一个软连接<code>.vimrc</code>指向.vim/vimrc</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd ~</span><br><span class="line">mv -r .vim .vim.back</span><br><span class="line">mv .vimrc .vimrc.back</span><br><span class="line">git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/skywb/vim-config.git ./.vim</span><br><span class="line">ln -s .vim/vimrc ./.vimrc</span><br><span class="line">cd .vim/</span><br><span class="line">git submodule init</span><br><span class="line">git submodule update</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p> 第一次启动是默认会安装几个插件</p><h2 id="基本使用"><a href="#基本使用" class="headerlink" title="基本使用"></a>基本使用</h2><h3 id="项目配置"><a href="#项目配置" class="headerlink" title="项目配置"></a>项目配置</h3><h4 id="ccls"><a href="#ccls" class="headerlink" title="ccls"></a>ccls</h4><ul><li><p>根目录</p><p>ccls 会向上查找根目录，标志文件为 <code>[".ccls", "compile_commands.json", ".git/"]</code> </p></li></ul><blockquote><p> 可以通过 :CocConfig 命令打开配置文件，自行设置 rootParrerns 参数</p></blockquote><ul><li><p>补全设置</p><p>ccls依赖compile_commands.json检索对应关键字</p><p>cmake 可以在构建是指定宏<code>-DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=YES</code> 生成</p><p>若只使用make的老项目，可以通过bear工具生成<code>bear make -j$(nproc)</code></p><p><a href="https://github.com/MaskRay/ccls/wiki/Project-Setup" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ccls官方说明</a></p></li></ul><h3 id="基本功能"><a href="#基本功能" class="headerlink" title="基本功能"></a>基本功能</h3><h4 id="补全"><a href="#补全" class="headerlink" title="补全"></a>补全</h4><p> 默认开启语意补全，输入前两个字母或者<code>.</code> <code>-></code> 等触发。</p><p> 触发补全列表时， 可通过方向键、<code><C-n></code> 下一个，<code><C-p</code>上一个等选择候选</p><blockquote><p>按键说明约定：</p><p> 与vim官方文档表示相同。</p><p> <C-> 表示 ctrl + 某按键， 例如 <C-n> 表示 ctrl + n</C-n></C-></p><p> <leader> 键可以自行设置，默认是 \</leader></p><p> <CR> 表示回车</CR></p></blockquote><h3 id="跳转"><a href="#跳转" class="headerlink" title="跳转"></a>跳转</h3><ul><li>gd 跳转到定义 （一般都是跳转到实现）</li><li>gc 跳转到声明</li><li>gi 跳转到实现 （不怎么用，gd更顺手）</li><li>gf 跳转到文件</li><li>gr 跳转到引用</li></ul><h4 id="查找文件"><a href="#查找文件" class="headerlink" title="查找文件"></a>查找文件</h4><ul><li><p>默认配置了leaderF, 并设置快捷键<code><leader>ff</code></p></li><li><p>Coc配置安装了 coc-lists, 包含files功能，可以搜索文件， 可以通过 <code>:CocList fiels</code> 或 <code><C-l></code> 换起 coclist选择files唤起</p><p> 但是files不支持仅匹配文件名，当路径很长时，体验不太好，我更喜欢leaderF</p></li></ul><h4 id="snippet"><a href="#snippet" class="headerlink" title="snippet"></a>snippet</h4><p> 通过代码块快速生成代码模板</p><p> 默认加载 <code>https://github.com/skywb/snippets</code> 的仓库， 目前只有c++ 代码模板，可以加载其它仓库 例如： <code>https://github.com/honza/vim-snippets</code> 、<code>https://github.com/SirVer/ultisnips</code></p><ul><li><p>触发</p><p>当输入snippet 的key是，默认触发补全列表，选中后 <code><C-y></code> 展开</p><p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/skywb/PictureBed-PicGo/master/other/snippet.gif" alt="snippet.gif"></p></li><li><p>如需要更多snippet文件，可直接添加到<code>.vim/snippet</code> 下即可</p></li></ul><h4 id="CocList-功能补充"><a href="#CocList-功能补充" class="headerlink" title="CocList 功能补充"></a>CocList 功能补充</h4><ul><li>files 查找文件</li><li>outline 当前文件下所有方法、类、变量等</li><li>commands 所有支持的命令，可以自定义添加。详情请阅读coc.nvim 文档</li><li>其他</li></ul><h2 id="Command"><a href="#Command" class="headerlink" title="Command"></a>Command</h2><h2 id="快捷键补充"><a href="#快捷键补充" class="headerlink" title="快捷键补充"></a>快捷键补充</h2><ul><li><p>拓展a和i的能力</p><ul><li>if 整个方法内部</li><li>af 整个方法</li><li>ic class内部</li><li>ac 整个class</li></ul></li><li><p><code>gp</code> 选中刚刚粘贴的内容</p><blockquote><p>技巧：</p><p> 当存他处赋值了代码，粘贴后 gp= 可快速格式化</p></blockquote></li></ul><hr><p>参考连接：</p><p><a href="https://github.com/MaskRay/ccls/wiki/Project-Setup" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/MaskRay/ccls/wiki/Project-Setup</a></p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> vim </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> tool </tag>
<tag> vim </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>vim C++开发环境搭建</title>
<link href="ecad5b71/"/>
<url>ecad5b71/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="简介"><a href="#简介" class="headerlink" title="简介"></a>简介</h2><p>基于vim8.2、coc.nvim + ccls 搭建C++开发环境。尽量不修改vim原生按键。提供语意补全和语意跳转查找引用等基本功能。</p><a id="more"></a><h2 id="依赖环境"><a href="#依赖环境" class="headerlink" title="依赖环境"></a>依赖环境</h2><p><code>cmake, git, nodejs, python3, python3-dev</code></p><ul><li><p>安装依赖：</p><p>centos:</p><p><code>yum install -y cmake git nodejs python3 python3-devel</code></p><p>ubuntu:</p><p><code>apt install -y cmake git nodejs python3 python3-dev</code></p></li><li><p>卸载系统绑定vim</p><blockquote><p>若vim 为 8.2及以上版本可以不卸载，并跳过源码安装vim</p></blockquote><p>centos:</p><p><code>yum remove vim</code></p></li><li><p>安装vim8.2</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git clone --depth 1 -b v8.2.1052 https://github.com/vim/vim.git</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 到vim目录下</span></span><br><span class="line">cd vim</span><br><span class="line">./configure --with-features=huge \</span><br><span class="line"> --enable-multibyte \</span><br><span class="line"> --enable-python3interp \</span><br><span class="line"> --with-python3-config-dir=/usr/lib64/python3.6/config-3.6m-x86_64-linux-gnu \</span><br><span class="line"> --prefix=/usr/local/vim8</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">make -j8</span><br><span class="line">make install</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li></ul><h2 id="编译安装-LLVM-Clang"><a href="#编译安装-LLVM-Clang" class="headerlink" title="编译安装 LLVM+Clang"></a>编译安装 LLVM+Clang</h2><blockquote><p>若llvm和clang版本足够新，并且安装了clang-tools-extra 可以直接使用，无需源码安装</p><p>若系统为Ubuntu等常见系统，可以直接使用官网上与构建版本的二进制包 <a href="https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-11.0.0/clang+llvm-11.0.0-x86_64-linux-gnu-ubuntu-20.04.tar.xz" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Pre-Built Binaries https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-11.0.0/clang+llvm-11.0.0-x86_64-linux-gnu-ubuntu-20.04.tar.xz</a></p><p>ubuntu版本的可能适配多种系统，若不愿意源码构建，可尝试一下</p></blockquote><p>需要下载四个源码，并放到同一个目录下面，安装编译即可，编译完成默认会放到系统目录中 （不同系统路径可能有所差异） </p><blockquote><p>如需修改安装路径请自行修改安装脚本，若不懂请不要随意修改，避免发生错误不知如何操作</p><p>安装其他版本，替换源码的版本号即可，若不懂请不要随意修改，避免发生错误不知如何操作</p></blockquote><ul><li>安装脚本：</li></ul><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir llvm_src</span><br><span class="line">cd llvm_src</span><br><span class="line">wget https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-11.0.0/llvm-11.0.0.src.tar.xz</span><br><span class="line">tar xf llvm-11.0.0.src.tar.xz</span><br><span class="line">mv llvm-11.0.0.src llvm</span><br><span class="line">wget https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-11.0.0/clang-11.0.0.src.tar.xz</span><br><span class="line">tar xf clang-11.0.0.src.tar.xz</span><br><span class="line">mv clang-11.0.0.src clang</span><br><span class="line">wget https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-11.0.0/libcxx-11.0.0.src.tar.xz</span><br><span class="line">tar xf libcxx-11.0.0.src.tar.xz</span><br><span class="line">mv libcxx-11.0.0.src libcxx</span><br><span class="line">wget https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-11.0.0/libcxxabi-11.0.0.src.tar.xz</span><br><span class="line">tar xf libcxxabi-11.0.0.src.tar.xz</span><br><span class="line">mv libcxxabi-11.0.0.src.tar.xz libcxxabi</span><br><span class="line">wget https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-11.0.0/clang-tools-extra-11.0.0.src.tar.xz</span><br><span class="line">tar xf clang-tools-extra-11.0.0.src.tar.xz</span><br><span class="line">mv clang-tools-extra-11.0.0.src.tar.xz clang-tools-extra</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> build</span></span><br><span class="line">mkdir Release</span><br><span class="line">cd Release</span><br><span class="line">cmake ../llvm -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS="clang;libcxx;libcxxabi;clang-tools-extra;"</span><br><span class="line">make -j8</span><br><span class="line">make install</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> delete tmp and src files</span></span><br><span class="line">cd ..</span><br><span class="line">rm -rf llvm_src</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><blockquote><p>此脚本为纯手打，未执行过，如有错误请及时反馈</p></blockquote><h2 id="下载vim配置"><a href="#下载vim配置" class="headerlink" title="下载vim配置"></a>下载vim配置</h2><p> 使用的是skywb的配置，如果有其他的配置请自行下载或使用</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd ~</span><br><span class="line">mv .vim .vim.back # 如不需要备份请直接删除</span><br><span class="line">mkdir .vim</span><br><span class="line">git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/skywb/vim-config.git ./.vim</span><br><span class="line">mv .vimrc .vimrc.back # 如不需要备份请直接删除</span><br><span class="line">ln -s .vim/vimrc ./.vimrc</span><br><span class="line">cd .vim/</span><br><span class="line">git submodule init</span><br><span class="line">git submodule update</span><br><span class="line">vim -c ":PlugInstall" -c "q"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>由于coc.nvim版本里存在部分问题，需要手动执行 :PlugInstall</p><hr><p>参考连接：</p>]]></content>
<tags>
<tag> tool </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Conan使用入门</title>
<link href="1ebe501c/"/>
<url>1ebe501c/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="tl-dr"><a href="#tl-dr" class="headerlink" title="tl;dr"></a>tl;dr</h2><p>Conan 是C++的一个包管理工具，使得C++安装第三方库变的很方便。 类似于vs的NuGet</p><p>Conan的基本命令：</p><ul><li><p>查找库： <code>conan search poco --remote=conan-center</code></p></li><li><p>安装库：<code>conan inspect poco/1.9.4</code></p></li><li><p>安装到项目：<code>conan install ..</code></p></li><li><p>conanfile.txt样例：</p> <figure class="highlight tex"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[requires]</span><br><span class="line">poco/1.9.4</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[generators]</span><br><span class="line">cmake</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>CMakeLists.txt 插入内容：</p> <figure class="highlight cmake"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">include</span>(<span class="variable">${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}</span>/conanbuildinfo.cmake)</span><br><span class="line">conan_basic_setup()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li></ul><a id="more"></a><h2 id="安装"><a href="#安装" class="headerlink" title="安装"></a>安装</h2><p>conan 依赖python，因此需要安装python， 最好是安装python3</p><p>然后使用命令安装即可</p><p><code>pip install conan</code></p><p>如果找不到pip命令， 一种原因是没有安装python，另一种是没将pip路径添加到path</p><p>自己还遇到了一种情况就是，在windows下，使用pip安装了之后，能找到这个程序，却找不多conan命令，就是找不到conan.exe可执行程序</p><p>这种情况一般是没将pip安装后的可执行程序的目录添加到path里， 用everything搜一下conan.exe在哪，把路径添加进去就好了。</p><h3 id="配置"><a href="#配置" class="headerlink" title="配置"></a>配置</h3><p> Conan 会在第一次启动时自动配置好默认的 Profile 和 Remote 设置。它的配置以及本地的二进制仓库均存储在用户目录下<code>~/.conan/</code>中（Windows上，是<code>%USERPROFILE%\.conan\</code>）。</p><p>其中用户配置文件为<code>conan.conf</code>，通常情况下无需修改，但当需要设置代理时，可以对其进行编辑。</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[proxies]</span><br><span class="line">http = ####代理地址</span><br><span class="line">https = ####代理地址</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="包管理"><a href="#包管理" class="headerlink" title="包管理"></a>包管理</h2><p>官方文档中给出了一个项目demo， 顺便借助这个demo记录一下基本的使用。</p><h3 id="查找本地库"><a href="#查找本地库" class="headerlink" title="查找本地库"></a>查找本地库</h3><p><code>conan search</code> 可以查看本地已经缓存过的库有哪些</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Existing package recipes:</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">boost/1.69.0</span><br><span class="line">bzip2/1.0.8</span><br><span class="line">openssl/1.0.2t</span><br><span class="line">poco/1.10.0</span><br><span class="line">zlib/1.2.11</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>以上是执行后的结果，安装有五个库， <code>/</code> 后面表示版本号</p><h3 id="查找远程库"><a href="#查找远程库" class="headerlink" title="查找远程库"></a>查找远程库</h3><p>如果只是使用search则是在本地查找，如果版本可以接受可以直接用，避免总是从网上缓存过多的版本。</p><p><code>conan search poco --remote=conan-center</code> </p><p>通过 <code>--remote</code> 参数指定源， <code>conan-center</code>则是conan的官方库，里面有大部分库的封装。 如果使用个人的或其他的源，指定地址即可。</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span><span class="bash"> conan search poco --remote=conan-center</span></span><br><span class="line">Existing package recipes:</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">poco/1.8.1</span><br><span class="line">poco/1.9.3</span><br><span class="line">poco/1.9.4</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>显示有多个版本，可以选择一个安装。</p><h3 id="安装远程的库"><a href="#安装远程的库" class="headerlink" title="安装远程的库"></a>安装远程的库</h3><p><code>conan inspect poco/1.9.4</code></p><p>通过此命令安装1.9.4版本的poco库， 等待执行结束即可。</p><p>这个时候如果再从本地查找就能找到这个库了。</p><h3 id="删除库"><a href="#删除库" class="headerlink" title="删除库"></a>删除库</h3><p><code>conan remove poco/1.9.4</code></p><p>会给予确认提示，确认后就可以删除了。</p><h2 id="项目编译"><a href="#项目编译" class="headerlink" title="项目编译"></a>项目编译</h2><h3 id="项目配置"><a href="#项目配置" class="headerlink" title="项目配置"></a>项目配置</h3><p>官方给出的demo代码</p><p>Demo.cpp</p><figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">"Poco/MD5Engine.h"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">"Poco/DigestStream.h"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string"><iostream></span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> argc, <span class="keyword">char</span>** argv)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>{</span><br><span class="line"> Poco::MD5Engine md5;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function">Poco::DigestOutputStream <span class="title">ds</span><span class="params">(md5)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"> ds << <span class="string">"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> ds.<span class="built_in">close</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">cout</span> << Poco::DigestEngine::digestToHex(md5.digest()) << <span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><blockquote><p>也可以从github上直接拉取</p><p><code>git clone https://github.com/conan-io/examples.git && cd examples/libraries/poco/md5</code></p></blockquote><p>然后我们需要在项目路径添加一个<code>conanfile.txt</code>文件， 文件内主要记录conan的配置，依赖的库，版本，以及生成工具等等。</p><p><strong>conanfile.txt</strong></p><figure class="highlight tex"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[requires]</span><br><span class="line">poco/1.9.4</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[generators]</span><br><span class="line">cmake</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>构建工具使用cmake</p><h3 id="指定编译器版本信息"><a href="#指定编译器版本信息" class="headerlink" title="指定编译器版本信息"></a>指定编译器版本信息</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ conan profile update settings.compiler.libcxx=libstdc++11 default # Sets libcxx to C++11 ABI</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>指定使用C++11编译</p><h3 id="安装库"><a href="#安装库" class="headerlink" title="安装库"></a>安装库</h3><p>例如我们需要构建到build目录</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span><span class="bash"> mkdir build && <span class="built_in">cd</span> build</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span><span class="bash"> conan install ..</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>当我们使用 <code>install</code>之后，就会生成一个<code>conanbuildinfo.cmake</code>文件，文件里面主要是将库依赖，我们需要将这个文件写到我们项目的<code>CMakeLists.txt</code>里面</p><p><strong>CMakeLists.txt</strong></p><figure class="highlight cmake"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">cmake_minimum_required</span>(VERSION <span class="number">2.8</span>.<span class="number">12</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">project</span>(MD5Encrypter)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">add_definitions</span>(<span class="string">"-std=c++11"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">include</span>(<span class="variable">${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}</span>/conanbuildinfo.cmake)</span><br><span class="line">conan_basic_setup()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">add_executable</span>(Demo Demo.cpp)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">target_link_libraries</span>(Demo <span class="variable">${CONAN_LIBS}</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>此时项目就配置好了。</p><h3 id="编译运行"><a href="#编译运行" class="headerlink" title="编译运行"></a>编译运行</h3><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">(win)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake .. -G <span class="string">"Visual Studio 16"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake --build . --config Release</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">(linux, mac)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake .. -G <span class="string">"Unix Makefiles"</span> -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake --build .</span></span><br><span class="line">...</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">[100%</span><span class="bash">] Built target Demo</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span><span class="bash"> ./bin/Demo</span></span><br><span class="line">c3fcd3d76192e4007dfb496cca67e13b</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="关于头文件"><a href="#关于头文件" class="headerlink" title="关于头文件"></a>关于头文件</h3><p>如果使用了ide或者ls， 在项目中直接使用 “” 包含头文件即可。</p><h2 id="上传自己的包"><a href="#上传自己的包" class="headerlink" title="上传自己的包"></a>上传自己的包</h2><p>TODO: 目前还没用到，需要的时候再补充 需要的可以阅读下方参考连接里面的官方文档。</p><h2 id="搭建私有服务器"><a href="#搭建私有服务器" class="headerlink" title="搭建私有服务器"></a>搭建私有服务器</h2><p>TODO: 目前还没用到，需要的时候再补充</p><h2 id="参考连接："><a href="#参考连接：" class="headerlink" title="参考连接："></a>参考连接：</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.conan.io/en/latest/installation.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">官方文档</a></li></ul>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> tool </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> tool </tag>
<tag> conan </tag>
<tag> C++ </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>vscode+wsl编译调试C++工程</title>
<link href="95e6964/"/>
<url>95e6964/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="tl-dr"><a href="#tl-dr" class="headerlink" title="tl;dr"></a>tl;dr</h2><p><a href="vscode:extension/ms-vscode-remote.remote-wsl">安装remote-WSL插件</a></p><p> <a href="vscode:extension/ms-vscode.cpptools">安装C++调试工具</a></p><p>在wsl中要安装gdb与对应的编译工具</p><p><code>code .</code> 可在vscode中打开当前文件夹，并远程连接。</p><p><img src="/95e6964/test2-1583203445737.gif" alt="效果"></p><a id="more"></a><hr><h3 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h3><p>虽然自己搭建的vim里面的调试也很好用了，在工具上依然不如可视化的调试环境好用，所以使用vscode自己折腾一下调试环境，平时自己写代码一般在wsl中，所以尝试用一下vscode的远程调试结合wsl。</p><p><a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/cpp/config-wsl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">vscode给的文档相当清楚明白</a></p><p>说说主要的地方。</p><h3 id="安装WSl"><a href="#安装WSl" class="headerlink" title="安装WSl"></a>安装WSl</h3><p> 这里略过，参照其他的安装方法，网上很多。</p><h3 id="安装vsCode插件"><a href="#安装vsCode插件" class="headerlink" title="安装vsCode插件"></a>安装vsCode插件</h3><p>点击如图所示左边第五个图标，打开扩展市场，搜索里面的<a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode-remote.remote-wsl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">remote-WSl</a>插件， 也可以<a href="vscode:extension/ms-vscode-remote.remote-wsl">点此安装</a></p><p> <img src="/95e6964/image-20200303100745429.png" alt="image-20200303100745429"></p><h3 id="在wsl中打开vsCode"><a href="#在wsl中打开vsCode" class="headerlink" title="在wsl中打开vsCode"></a>在wsl中打开vsCode</h3><p> 在wsl中新建一个文件夹作为工程目录，例如我新建一个test文件加作为工程目录</p><p><img src="/95e6964/image-20200303101215609.png" alt="image-20200303101215609"></p><p>然后运行命令：<code>code .</code></p><p>首次运行的时候会出现安装提示，稍后会打开vscode， 发现vscode的底部状态栏有如下的状态。</p><p><img src="/95e6964/image-20200303101344778.png" alt="image-20200303101344778"></p><p>说明已经连接，并且此时vscode打开的目录就是你的工程目录。</p><p><img src="/95e6964/image-20200303101709216.png" alt="image-20200303101709216"></p><h3 id="编译配置文件"><a href="#编译配置文件" class="headerlink" title="编译配置文件"></a>编译配置文件</h3><p>此时如果需要编译，那么就需要添加编译配置，创建一个tasks.json 文件，设置编译相关的命令。也可以如下所示直接使用编译，vscode会提示创建tasks.json文件。</p><p><img src="/95e6964/image-20200303101755621.png" alt="image-20200303101755621"></p><p><img src="/95e6964/test.gif" alt="image-20200303102040565"></p><ul><li><p>生成的tasks.json为默认的内容，需要对其进行修改。</p> <figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">"tasks": [</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> "label": "build demo",</span><br><span class="line"> "type": "shell",</span><br><span class="line"> "command": "/usr/bin/g++",</span><br><span class="line"> "args": [</span><br><span class="line"> "-g",</span><br><span class="line"> "${file}",</span><br><span class="line"> "-o",</span><br><span class="line"> "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"</span><br><span class="line"> ],</span><br><span class="line"> "group": {</span><br><span class="line"> "kind": "build",</span><br><span class="line"> "isDefault": true</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> ]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p> 以上配置需要在要编译的文件的页面进行编译，因为${file} 获取的是当前文件名，以上仅为例子，如果编译工程需要使用make或者cmake等工具跟上面使用方法一样，改变command和args即可。</p></li><li><p>再次重复上面，Terminal > Run Build Task 选择即可。</p></li></ul><h3 id="调试配置文件"><a href="#调试配置文件" class="headerlink" title="调试配置文件"></a>调试配置文件</h3><p>调试需要再安装一个拓展插件 <a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode.cpptools" target="_blank" rel="noopener">C/C++</a>, <a href="vscode:extension/ms-vscode.cpptools">点击可安装</a></p><p><img src="/95e6964/image-20200303103515254.png" alt="image-20200303103515254"></p><ul><li>创建一个launch.json 文件，配置调试选项</li></ul><p><img src="/95e6964/test1-1583203167206.gif" alt></p><p>如图可以新建一个默认的编译并调试的launch.json文件，只需要对其简单修改即可</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">"configurations": [</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> "name": "g++ build and debug active file",</span><br><span class="line"> "type": "cppdbg",</span><br><span class="line"> "request": "launch",</span><br><span class="line"> "program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",</span><br><span class="line"> "args": [],</span><br><span class="line"> "stopAtEntry": false,</span><br><span class="line"> "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",</span><br><span class="line"> "environment": [],</span><br><span class="line"> "externalConsole": false,</span><br><span class="line"> "MIMode": "gdb",</span><br><span class="line"> "setupCommands": [</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",</span><br><span class="line"> "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",</span><br><span class="line"> "ignoreFailures": true</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> ],</span><br><span class="line"> "preLaunchTask": "build demo", //编译的task的名称</span><br><span class="line"> "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb" //gdb的路径</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> ]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>这样就可以编译与调试了。</p><h4 id="编译与调试"><a href="#编译与调试" class="headerlink" title="编译与调试"></a>编译与调试</h4><p><img src="/95e6964/test2-1583203445737.gif" alt></p><h3 id="参考连接"><a href="#参考连接" class="headerlink" title="参考连接"></a>参考连接</h3><p><a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/cpp/config-wsl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/cpp/config-wsl</a></p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> tool </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> wsl </tag>
<tag> vscode </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>更新安装到WSL2</title>
<link href="de2aaebe/"/>
<url>de2aaebe/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="tl-dr"><a href="#tl-dr" class="headerlink" title="tl;dr"></a>tl;dr</h2><p>必须是18917或更高版本：</p><p>powershell管理员运行：</p><figure class="highlight powershell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dism.exe /online /<span class="built_in">enable-feature</span> /featurename:Microsoft<span class="literal">-Windows</span><span class="literal">-Subsystem</span><span class="literal">-Linux</span> /all /norestart</span><br><span class="line">dism.exe /online /<span class="built_in">enable-feature</span> /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>检查当前使用的bash名</p><figure class="highlight powershell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">wsl <span class="literal">-l</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>设置版本：</p><figure class="highlight powershell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">wsl -<span class="literal">-set</span><span class="literal">-version</span> <Distro> <span class="number">2</span></span><br><span class="line">wsl -<span class="literal">-set</span><span class="literal">-default</span><span class="literal">-version</span> <span class="number">2</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>其中<Distro> 替换成对应的bash名字</p><a id="more"></a><h4 id="检查当前操作系统的版本"><a href="#检查当前操作系统的版本" class="headerlink" title="检查当前操作系统的版本"></a>检查当前操作系统的版本</h4><p>首先要保证当前的win10版本大于等于</p><ul><li><p>若要确保使用的是版本18917或更高版本，请加入<a href="https://insider.windows.com/en-us/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Windows 预览体验计划</a>，并选择 “快速” 环或 “慢速” 环。</p><p> win+r 输入 winver 回车</p></li></ul><p><img src="/de2aaebe/image-20200229111630961.png" alt="image-20200229111630961"></p><p>显示当前的版本好小于18917， 因此需要更新到体验版本， 如果不小于则跳过本步骤。</p><h4 id="更新到体验版本"><a href="#更新到体验版本" class="headerlink" title="更新到体验版本"></a>更新到体验版本</h4><p><a href="ms-settings:windowsinsider">点击加入预览体验计划</a></p><p>然后按windows键，输入update回车， 打开更新系统的界面，然后下载安装即可，我这里已经下载安装了。</p><p><a href="ms-settings:windowsupdate">打开更新系统更新界面</a> 检查更新即可</p><p>更新完的版本：</p><p><img src="/de2aaebe/image-20200305094806220.png" alt="image-20200305094806220"></p><h4 id="更新到wsl2"><a href="#更新到wsl2" class="headerlink" title="更新到wsl2"></a>更新到wsl2</h4><p>powershell管理员运行：</p><figure class="highlight powershell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dism.exe /online /<span class="built_in">enable-feature</span> /featurename:Microsoft<span class="literal">-Windows</span><span class="literal">-Subsystem</span><span class="literal">-Linux</span> /all /norestart</span><br><span class="line">dism.exe /online /<span class="built_in">enable-feature</span> /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>检查当前使用的bash名</p><figure class="highlight powershell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">wsl <span class="literal">-l</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><img src="/de2aaebe/image-20200305094936007.png" alt="image-20200305094936007"></p><p>设置版本：</p><figure class="highlight powershell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">wsl -<span class="literal">-set</span><span class="literal">-version</span> <Distro> <span class="number">2</span></span><br><span class="line">wsl -<span class="literal">-set</span><span class="literal">-default</span><span class="literal">-version</span> <span class="number">2</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>其中<Distro> 替换成对应的bash名字 例如 Ubuntu-18.04</p><p>然后查看版本即可：</p><p><img src="/de2aaebe/image-20200305095020137.png" alt="image-20200305095020137"></p><p>参考连接：</p><p><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/wsl2-install" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/wsl2-install</a></p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> tool </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> tool </tag>
<tag> wsl </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Pimpl 模式</title>
<link href="1fb7cb45/"/>
<url>1fb7cb45/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p> Pimpl （pointer to implementation） 是一种将接口和具体的实现分开的一种方式，优化编译时间，保护封装实现的一种经验技巧。</p><h2 id="tl-dr"><a href="#tl-dr" class="headerlink" title="tl;dr"></a>tl;dr</h2><p> 就是说模块对外接口类里面不放实现，而是保存一个指针， 指向真正实现的类。然后在接口类里面同名方法通过指针调用真正实现方法。</p><a id="more"></a><p> </p><p> </p><h2 id="原理"><a href="#原理" class="headerlink" title="原理"></a>原理</h2><p> 通过指针的间接调用，实现消息的转发，使得行为与原来行为相同。</p><h2 id="Demo"><a href="#Demo" class="headerlink" title="Demo"></a>Demo</h2><h3 id="普通类的设计"><a href="#普通类的设计" class="headerlink" title="普通类的设计"></a>普通类的设计</h3><p> 假设原来有这样一个类：</p><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// File: Foo.h</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Foo</span> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:</span><br><span class="line">Foo (<span class="keyword">int</span> data);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">virtual</span> ~Foo ();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span>:</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">int</span> data_;</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// File: Foo.cpp</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">"Foo.h"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Foo::Foo(<span class="keyword">int</span> data) : data_(data) { }</span><br><span class="line">Foo::~Foo() { }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">Foo::SetData</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> data)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line">data_ = data;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">Foo::Data</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">return</span> data_;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="Pimpl模式"><a href="#Pimpl模式" class="headerlink" title="Pimpl模式"></a>Pimpl模式</h3><p>在Foo的基础上在抽象出一层接口：</p><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// File: Foo.h</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Foo</span> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:</span><br><span class="line">Foo (<span class="keyword">int</span> data);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">virtual</span> ~Foo ();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">virtual</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">SetData</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> data)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">virtual</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">Data</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span>:</span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">FooImpl</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">unique_ptr</span><FooImpl> foo_;</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><figure class="highlight plain"><figcaption><span>"Foo.h"</span></figcaption><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">// File: Foo.cpp</span><br><span class="line">#include "Foo_impl.h"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Foo::Foo(int data) {</span><br><span class="line">foo_ = std::make_unique<FooImpl> (data);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Foo::~Foo() { }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">void Foo::SetData(int data) {</span><br><span class="line">foo_->SetData(data);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">int Foo::Data() {</span><br><span class="line">return foo_->Data();</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// File: Foo_impl.h</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">"Foo.h"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Foo</span>:</span>:FooImpl {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:</span><br><span class="line">FooImpl (<span class="keyword">int</span> data);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">virtual</span> ~FooImpl ();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">virtual</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">SetData</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> data)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">virtual</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">Data</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span>:</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">int</span> data_;</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// File: Foo_impl.cpp</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">"Foo.h"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">"Foo_impl.h"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Foo::FooImpl::FooImpl(<span class="keyword">int</span> data) : data_(data) { }</span><br><span class="line">Foo::FooImpl::~FooImpl() { }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">void</span> Foo::FooImpl::SetData(<span class="keyword">int</span> data) {</span><br><span class="line">data_ = data;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">int</span> Foo::FooImpl::Data() {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">return</span> data_;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="优缺点："><a href="#优缺点：" class="headerlink" title="优缺点："></a>优缺点：</h3><h4 id="优点："><a href="#优点：" class="headerlink" title="优点："></a>优点：</h4><ul><li>优化编译速度， 如上面的例子， 普通的实现方式，在设计类时不可避免要使用一些其他的类或者变量，就会引入很多头文件。那么在编译时，一个头文件的引入可能就会增加一杯咖啡的时间(例如windows.h), 而Pimpl不会， 因为其他模块在编译时只需要引入Foo.h头文件即可， 里面之后告诉编译器有个FooImpl的类， 没有很复杂的东西， 这时就不会引入很多的东西，编译时间就会短很多。</li><li>优化构建过程，无论我们怎么修改FooImpl， 只要Foo.h不变，那么就不会影响到使用的模块，编译时只需要编译FooImpl部分即可。</li><li>对具体实现的隐藏，模块输出对外接口时，头文件只会看到一个FooImpl的指针， 看不到类里面的内容。</li><li>对单元测试友好， 测试时只需要测试Impl部分即可， 因为Foo只是个接口。 如果测试另一个模块，Foo也可以加一个Only for Test的构造，来模拟真实的FooImpl， 避免过度耦合无法测试， 例如socket， 很多人喜欢在负责传输的模块内部直接写一个socket， 这样在测试时很难去模拟网络IO， 用Impl就很好的解决了这个问题。</li></ul><h4 id="缺点："><a href="#缺点：" class="headerlink" title="缺点："></a>缺点：</h4><ul><li>写起来更麻烦， 写的更多了， 但这好像不是什么太大的问题</li><li>增加开销， 因为多了一层调用</li><li>增加了内存的开销， 多了一个智能指针</li></ul><p>   </p><hr><p>参考：</p><p> Effective C++ & More Effective C++</p>]]></content>
<tags>
<tag> 编程 </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>GTest单元测试框架的基本使用</title>
<link href="29d24fe4/"/>
<url>29d24fe4/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="GTest"><a href="#GTest" class="headerlink" title="GTest"></a>GTest</h2><blockquote><p>简介： google的单元测试框架</p></blockquote><h3 id="tl-dr"><a href="#tl-dr" class="headerlink" title="tl;dr"></a>tl;dr</h3><figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string"><iostream></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string"><gtest/gtest.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">add</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> a, <span class="keyword">int</span> b)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>{</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">return</span> a+b;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">TEST(TestFun, Add) {</span><br><span class="line">EXPECT_EQ(add(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>), <span class="number">2</span>);</span><br><span class="line">EXPECT_EQ(add(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>), <span class="number">2</span>) << <span class="string">"add (1, 2) 应该是 "</span> << <span class="number">3</span> << <span class="string">"是的的结果是 "</span> << add(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>);</span><br><span class="line">ASSERT_EQ(add(<span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">2</span>), <span class="number">4</span>);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>有一个被测试的方法， add， 通过TEST添加一个测试案例， 可以使用EXPECT和ASSERT两种宏， 实现测试值是否正确， 每个宏后面都可以跟上解释信息。 其中第二个很明显是错误的， 输出结果看下面。</p><p>编译命令<code>g++ file.cpp -lgtest -lgtest_main -lpthread -o main</code></p><p>其中用到了三个动态链接库， 第一个是gtest的库， 第二个是运行所有测试的实现， 其实里面就是写了个main函数， 也可以自己写，不连接这个库， 第三个是多线程库， 因为gtest使用了线程。</p><p>运行结果：</p><p><img src="/29d24fe4/1573372797119.png" alt="1573372797119"></p><p>可以看到失败的地方会有提示。</p><a id="more"></a><h3 id="基本使用"><a href="#基本使用" class="headerlink" title="基本使用"></a>基本使用</h3><ul><li><p>运行指定测试</p><p><code>--gtest_filter=TestName.*</code></p></li><li><p>测试案例宏</p><ul><li><p>TEST — 一个测试案例</p><p> 原型： TEST(TestCaseName, TestName) </p><blockquote><p>测试的逻辑是， 每个Case为一组， 组内可以有多个Test， 也就是说， 当测试一个类的时候， 可以这么写 Test(TestClassName, FuntionName)</p></blockquote></li><li><p>TEST_F</p><p>原型：TEST_F(TestFixtureName, TestName)</p><p>模具测试 当多个测试使用相同或类似的资源的时候， 可以使用模具进行测试， 需要创建模具类， 在里面创建需要的资源。</p><p>SetUp方法和TearDown方法在每次TEST_F执行之前和执行之后执行， 保证每次测试的资源都是没有关联的。</p><p><a href="#模具的使用">更多介绍请看模具的使用</a></p></li><li><p>TEST_P</p><p> //TODO：后续补充</p></li></ul></li><li><p>断言</p><ul><li><p>ASSERT_* – 当条件判断为假时， 不会往下继续执行</p><ul><li><p>ASSERT_EQ(val1, val2)</p><p> 断言val1和val2相等， 如果不相等会直接终止程序， 并报告错误， 信息里面有当前测试的案例和测试名称， 以及两个值分别是多少。</p><p> 甚至你可以添加一些输出， 让提示更加友好。</p><p> <code>ASSERT_EQ(v1, v2) << "v1 is not equal to v2 , v1 is " << v1 << " v2 is " << v2;</code></p><p> 这样当判断不相等是会输出后面的信息。</p></li></ul></li><li><p>EXPECT_* – 当条件为假时， 判为faile， 但是会继续向下执行</p><p> 用法与ASSERT一样， 唯一的区别就是如果断言值为假也会继续向下执行， 只是报告一个失败，下面的测试会继续进行。</p></li><li><p>同类的宏</p><p> 每个版本的宏都有两个，分别是EXPECT和ASSERT。 区别如上。</p><ul><li>大小值比较</li></ul><table><thead><tr><th>Fatal assertion</th><th>Nonfatal assertion</th><th>Verifies</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>ASSERT_EQ(val1, val2);</code></td><td><code>EXPECT_EQ(val1, val2);</code></td><td><code>val1 == val2</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>ASSERT_NE(val1, val2);</code></td><td><code>EXPECT_NE(val1, val2);</code></td><td><code>val1 != val2</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>ASSERT_LT(val1, val2);</code></td><td><code>EXPECT_LT(val1, val2);</code></td><td><code>val1 < val2</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>ASSERT_LE(val1, val2);</code></td><td><code>EXPECT_LE(val1, val2);</code></td><td><code>val1 <= val2</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>ASSERT_GT(val1, val2);</code></td><td><code>EXPECT_GT(val1, val2);</code></td><td><code>val1 > val2</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>ASSERT_GE(val1, val2);</code></td><td><code>EXPECT_GE(val1, val2);</code></td><td><code>val1 >= val2</code></td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li><p>二进制值比较</p><table><thead><tr><th>Fatal assertion</th><th>Nonfatal assertion</th><th>Verifies</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>ASSERT_TRUE(condition);</code></td><td><code>EXPECT_TRUE(condition);</code></td><td><code>condition</code> is true</td></tr><tr><td><code>ASSERT_FALSE(condition);</code></td><td><code>EXPECT_FALSE(condition);</code></td><td><code>condition</code> is false</td></tr></tbody></table></li><li><p>字符串比较</p><table><thead><tr><th>Fatal assertion</th><th>Nonfatal assertion</th><th>Verifies</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>ASSERT_STREQ(str1,str2);</code></td><td><code>EXPECT_STREQ(str1,str2);</code></td><td>the two C strings have the same content</td></tr><tr><td><code>ASSERT_STRNE(str1,str2);</code></td><td><code>EXPECT_STRNE(str1,str2);</code></td><td>the two C strings have different contents</td></tr><tr><td><code>ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(str1,str2);</code></td><td><code>EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(str1,str2);</code></td><td>the two C strings have the same content, ignoring case</td></tr><tr><td><code>ASSERT_STRCASENE(str1,str2);</code></td><td><code>EXPECT_STRCASENE(str1,str2);</code></td><td>the two C strings have different contents, ignoring case</td></tr></tbody></table></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="模具的使用"><a href="#模具的使用" class="headerlink" title="模具的使用"></a>模具的使用</h3><blockquote><p>当多个测试使用的数据或对象相同时，可以创建一个模具给这一组测试使用。可以减少重复的代码。</p></blockquote><h3 id="使用步骤"><a href="#使用步骤" class="headerlink" title="使用步骤"></a>使用步骤</h3><ol><li>首先要创建一个模具类并继承<code>::testing::Test</code> </li><li>实现一个构造函数或者<code>Setup()</code>, 以及一个析构函数或者<code>TearDown()</code> </li><li>在构造函数或者<code>Setup()</code>方法里面创建一些测试需要的资源。 同理在析构或<code>TearDown</code>中释放这些资源。</li></ol><p>当使用模具进行测试的时候，使用<code>TEST_F</code> 替换<code>TEST</code>即可， 值得<strong>注意</strong>的是， 宏的第一个参数要改成自己写的模具类的名字。<code>TEST_F(TestFixtureName, TestName)</code> 即TestFixtureName要替换成模具类的名字。然后在函数体里面进行测试即可。</p><p> 对于每个测试（TEST_F), gtest都会在测试之前调用Setup为其创建测试环境， 当这个测试结束时会调用TearDown来清理现场。</p><ul><li><p>案例：</p> <figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string"><iostream></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string"><gtest/gtest.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string"><gmock/gmock.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Foo</span> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:</span><br><span class="line">Foo (<span class="keyword">int</span> a = <span class="number">0</span>) {}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">virtual</span> ~Foo () {}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">virtual</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">getData</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{ <span class="keyword">return</span> data_; }</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">virtual</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">setData</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> data)</span> </span>{ data_ = data; }</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span>:</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">int</span> data_;</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">FooTest</span> :</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> ::testing::Test {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:</span><br><span class="line">FooTest () { }</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">virtual</span> ~FooTest () { }</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">SetUp</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">cout</span> << <span class="string">"Before testing"</span> << <span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line">foo_.setData(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">TearDown</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">cout</span> << <span class="string">"After the test"</span> << <span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span>:</span><br><span class="line">Foo foo_;</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">TEST_F(FooTest, TestSetOne) {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">cout</span> << <span class="string">"TestSetOne start"</span> << <span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line">EXPECT_EQ(foo_.getData(), <span class="number">1</span>) << <span class="string">"foo_ data is not equal to "</span> << <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">int</span> data = <span class="number">10</span>;</span><br><span class="line">foo_.setData(data);</span><br><span class="line">EXPECT_EQ(foo_.getData(), data) << <span class="string">"foo_ data is not equal to "</span> << data;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">cout</span> << <span class="string">"TestSetOne end"</span> << <span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">TEST_F(FooTest, TestSetTwo) {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">cout</span> << <span class="string">"TestSetOne start"</span> << <span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line">EXPECT_EQ(foo_.getData(), <span class="number">1</span>) << <span class="string">"foo_ data is not equal to "</span> << <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">cout</span> << <span class="string">"TestSetOne end"</span> << <span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li></ul><p><strong>结果：</strong></p><p><img src="/29d24fe4/1573959294258.png" alt="1573959294258"></p><p>如案例中所示， 在夹具中定义的资源可以在测试中直接使用，所以当多个测试使用的资源相同的时候，还有复杂的初始化工作的时候，就可以使用夹具，减少重复代码。</p><ul><li><p>SetUpCase 与 TearDownCase</p><p> TODO：后续补充</p></li></ul><p> </p><p> </p><h2 id="GMock"><a href="#GMock" class="headerlink" title="GMock"></a>GMock</h2><p><strong>简介:</strong> </p><p> 模拟类， 当我们写一个模块时，我们要依赖或使用另一个模块的接口或资源，例如数据库操作等。这时候另一个模块还没有写，我们需要测试一下现在写的模块功能是否正确，这就用到gmock了， 它可以模拟一个类， 可以指定一个行为，通过返回我们指定的数据来欺骗过我们写的模块。 例如我们需要数据库查询一个用户的信息，这时候可以模拟这个方法，直接返回一个固定的信息。</p><h3 id="Mock-Class"><a href="#Mock-Class" class="headerlink" title="Mock Class"></a>Mock Class</h3><p> 创建一个Mock类需要继承需要模拟的类或者接口。 使用MOCKMETHOD 模拟方法。</p><ul><li><p>MOCKMETHOD</p><p> MOCKMETHOD(返回值类型， 方法名， （参数）， （override等）)</p></li></ul><p> 写完一个模块需要单元测试时，依赖的另一个模块还没有做完，那么可以mock这个模块。例如 数据库模块。</p><p> </p><p> <br> <br> <br> <br> </p><h2 id="emsp"><a href="#emsp" class="headerlink" title=" "></a> </h2><p>参考连接：</p><ul><li>googletest仓库地址 <a href="https://github.com/google/googletest" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/google/googletest</a> </li></ul>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> tool </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> tool </tag>
<tag> gtest </tag>
<tag> gmock </tag>
<tag> 单元测试 </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Hexo Commands</title>
<link href="b89ddfa7/"/>
<url>b89ddfa7/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p> 摘要：</p><p> Hexo common commands </p><ul><li>init – init</li><li>new – new blog</li><li>generate – generate page</li><li>deploy – push to github</li><li>clean – clean</li><li>server – run locally</li></ul><a id="more"></a><h2 id="init"><a href="#init" class="headerlink" title="init"></a>init</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo init [folder]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>Initializes a website. If no <code>folder</code> is provided, Hexo will set up the website in the current directory.</p><h2 id="new"><a href="#new" class="headerlink" title="new"></a>new</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo new [layout] <title></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>Creates a new article. If no <code>layout</code> is provided, Hexo will use the <code>default_layout</code> from <a href="https://hexo.io/docs/configuration" target="_blank" rel="noopener">_config.yml</a>. If the <code>title</code> contains spaces, surround it with quotation marks.</p><table><thead><tr><th align="left">Option</th><th align="left">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>-p</code>, <code>--path</code></td><td align="left">Post path. Customize the path of the post.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-r</code>, <code>--replace</code></td><td align="left">Replace the current post if existed.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-s</code>, <code>--slug</code></td><td align="left">Post slug. Customize the URL of the post.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>By default, Hexo will use the title to define the path of the file. For pages, it will create a directory of that name and an <code>index.md</code> file in it. Use the <code>--path</code> option to override that behaviour and define the file path:</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hexo new page --path about/me "About me"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>will create <code>source/about/me.md</code> file with the title “About me” set in the front matter.</p><p>Please note that the title is mandatory. For example, this will not result in the behaviour you might expect:</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hexo new page --path about/me</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>will create the post <code>source/_posts/about/me.md</code> with the title “page” in the front matter. This is because there is only one argument (<code>page</code>) and the default layout is <code>post</code>.</p><h2 id="generate"><a href="#generate" class="headerlink" title="generate"></a>generate</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo generate</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>Generates static files.</p><table><thead><tr><th align="left">Option</th><th align="left">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>-d</code>, <code>--deploy</code></td><td align="left">Deploy after generation finishes</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-w</code>, <code>--watch</code></td><td align="left">Watch file changes</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-b</code>, <code>--bail</code></td><td align="left">Raise an error if any unhandled exception is thrown during generation</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-f</code>, <code>--force</code></td><td align="left">Force regenerate</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id="publish"><a href="#publish" class="headerlink" title="publish"></a>publish</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo publish [layout] <filename></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>Publishes a draft.</p><h2 id="server"><a href="#server" class="headerlink" title="server"></a>server</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo server</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>Starts a local server. By default, this is at <code>http://localhost:4000/</code>.</p><table><thead><tr><th align="left">Option</th><th align="left">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>-p</code>, <code>--port</code></td><td align="left">Override default port</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-s</code>, <code>--static</code></td><td align="left">Only serve static files</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-l</code>, <code>--log</code></td><td align="left">Enable logger. Override logger format.</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id="deploy"><a href="#deploy" class="headerlink" title="deploy"></a>deploy</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo deploy</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>Deploys your website.</p><table><thead><tr><th align="left">Option</th><th align="left">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>-g</code>, <code>--generate</code></td><td align="left">Generate before deployment</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id="render"><a href="#render" class="headerlink" title="render"></a>render</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo render <file1> [file2] ...</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>Renders files.</p><table><thead><tr><th align="left">Option</th><th align="left">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>-o</code>, <code>--output</code></td><td align="left">Output destination</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id="migrate"><a href="#migrate" class="headerlink" title="migrate"></a>migrate</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo migrate <type></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>Migrates content from other blog systems.</p><h2 id="clean"><a href="#clean" class="headerlink" title="clean"></a>clean</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo clean</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>Cleans the cache file (<code>db.json</code>) and generated files (<code>public</code>).</p><h2 id="list"><a href="#list" class="headerlink" title="list"></a>list</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo list <type></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>Lists all routes.</p><h2 id="version"><a href="#version" class="headerlink" title="version"></a>version</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo version</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>Displays version information.</p><h2 id="Options"><a href="#Options" class="headerlink" title="Options"></a>Options</h2><h3 id="Safe-mode"><a href="#Safe-mode" class="headerlink" title="Safe mode"></a>Safe mode</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo --safe</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>Disables loading plugins and scripts. Try this if you encounter problems after installing a new plugin.</p><h3 id="Debug-mode"><a href="#Debug-mode" class="headerlink" title="Debug mode"></a>Debug mode</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo --debug</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>Logs verbose messages to the terminal and to <code>debug.log</code>. Try this if you encounter any problems with Hexo. If you see errors, please <a href="https://github.com/hexojs/hexo/issues/new" target="_blank" rel="noopener">raise a GitHub issue</a>.</p><h3 id="Silent-mode"><a href="#Silent-mode" class="headerlink" title="Silent mode"></a>Silent mode</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo --silent</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>Silences output to the terminal.</p><h3 id="Customize-config-file-path"><a href="#Customize-config-file-path" class="headerlink" title="Customize config file path"></a>Customize config file path</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo --config custom.yml</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>Uses a custom config file (instead of <code>_config.yml</code>). Also accepts a comma-separated list (no spaces) of JSON or YAML config files that will combine the files into a single <code>_multiconfig.yml</code>.</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo --config custom.yml,custom2.json</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="Display-drafts"><a href="#Display-drafts" class="headerlink" title="Display drafts"></a>Display drafts</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo --draft</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>Displays draft posts (stored in the <code>source/_drafts</code> folder).</p><h3 id="Customize-CWD"><a href="#Customize-CWD" class="headerlink" title="Customize CWD"></a>Customize CWD</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo --cwd /path/to/cwd</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>Customizes the path of current working directory.</p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> tool </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> tool </tag>
<tag> Hexo </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Linux常用技巧</title>
<link href="7776412d/"/>
<url>7776412d/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>摘要：</p><p> 在Linux下的一些常用的命令， 例如：</p><pre><code>- 快捷键- whatis- 文件操作- 磁盘操作等 - 进程等</code></pre><a id="more"></a><h2 id="一-终端快捷键"><a href="#一-终端快捷键" class="headerlink" title="一. 终端快捷键"></a>一. 终端快捷键</h2><h2 id="二-简单命令的使用"><a href="#二-简单命令的使用" class="headerlink" title="二. 简单命令的使用"></a>二. 简单命令的使用</h2><h3 id="2-1-帮助类命令"><a href="#2-1-帮助类命令" class="headerlink" title="2.1 帮助类命令"></a>2.1 帮助类命令</h3><ul><li><p><code>whatis</code> 查看命令的简要说明</p><ul><li>基本使用<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">whatis command</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li></ul></li><li><p>正则匹配</p><pre><code><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">whatis -w "loca*"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></code></pre></li><li><p><code>man</code> 说明文档</p><ul><li><p>基本使用 </p> <figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">man command</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>man 手册的分类</p><p> 使用方式 <code>man [1-9] command</code></p><p> (1)、用户可以操作的命令或者是可执行文件<br> (2)、系统核心可调用的函数与工具等<br> (3)、一些常用的函数与数据库<br> (4)、设备文件的说明<br> (5)、设置文件或者某些文件的格式<br> (6)、游戏<br> (7)、惯例与协议等。例如Linux标准文件系统、网络协议、ASCⅡ，码等说明内容<br> (8)、系统管理员可用的管理条令<br> (9)、与内核有关的文件</p></li></ul></li><li><p><code>which / whereis</code> 查看路径</p><ul><li><p>查找二进制文件的路径 <em>需要在path路径中</em></p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">which command</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>查看程序的搜索路径</p> <figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">whereis command</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="2-2-文件及目录管理"><a href="#2-2-文件及目录管理" class="headerlink" title="2.2 文件及目录管理"></a>2.2 文件及目录管理</h3><ul><li><p>基本命令</p><ul><li>touch、 mkdir 创建文件或文件夹</li><li>rm 、 rmdir 删除文件或文件夹， rm -rf 也可以删除文件夹</li><li>mv 移动</li><li>cd 切换目录</li><li>cp 复制</li><li>pwd 显示当前路径</li><li>chmod 更改权限</li><li>chown 更改所有者</li><li>chgrp 更改所属组</li></ul><blockquote><p>其中都可以加参数， 一般常用的参数为 -r 递归， -f 强制 -v 提示 </p><p>也可以使用通配符， *表示匹配任意字符任意个数</p></blockquote></li><li><p>文件查找</p><ul><li><p><code>find</code> 实施搜索文件或目录</p> <figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">find ./ -name "filename*"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p> <strong>常用参数：</strong></p><ul><li><p><code>-name</code> 查找文件名</p></li><li><p><code>-maxdepth n</code> 查找最大深度 n</p><p> <code>find . -maxdepth 1 -name "filename"</code> </p></li><li><p><code>-regex</code> 按正则方式匹配</p><p> <code>find . -regex ".*\(\.txt\|\.pdf\)$"</code> 查找txt或pdf文件</p></li><li><p><code>-type</code> 按类型搜索， 常用的 d 文件夹， f 文件</p></li><li><p><code>-atime +-n</code> +n表示七天前被访问过的， -n表示七天内被访问过的。 n表示第七天被访问过的。 </p></li><li><p><code>-size +-n</code> +2k表示大于2K的文件， 支持的单位有 k M G</p></li><li><p><code>-delete</code> 找到后删除</p></li><li><p>执行动作 <code>find . -name "*.swp" -exec rm {} \;</code> </p></li></ul></li><li><p><code>locate</code> 使用文件系统索引搜索</p><p> <code>locate filename</code></p><p> 使用 <code>updatedb</code> 更新数据库， 以获得最新的索引</p></li></ul></li><li><p>查看文件内容</p><blockquote><p>可使用的工具有 cat vi head tail more等</p></blockquote><ul><li><p><code>cat</code> 链接文件并输出到标准输出</p><p> cat 会把传入的文件都连起来，并输出到标准输出</p><p> <code>cat file1 file2</code> 会把file1 和 file2的内容连接起来一块输出到控制台</p><p> <strong>常用参数：</strong></p><ul><li><code>-n</code> 显示行号</li><li><code>-b</code> 显示行号， 但不计算空行的行号， 这个参数会覆盖<code>-n</code></li></ul></li><li><p><code>more</code> 按页显示列表内容</p><p> <code>ls -al | more</code></p></li><li><p><code>head</code> 从头查看内容</p><p> <code>head -10 file</code> 查看file的前十行</p></li><li><p><code>tail -5 file</code> 显示file的后五行</p><p> <strong>常用参数：</strong></p><ul><li><code>-f</code> 动态显示文本最新信息</li></ul></li><li><p><code>diff file1 file2</code> 显示两个文件的差异</p></li></ul></li><li><p>文件链接 （快捷方式或别名）</p><ul><li><p><code>ln</code> </p><p> <strong>常用参数：</strong></p><ul><li><p>默认创建硬连接， 删除其中一个， 另一个仍然能使用</p></li><li><p><code>-s</code> 创建软连接， 删除了源文件，则软连接失效， 删除软连接，源文件不影响。</p><blockquote><p>硬连接不能跨硬盘， 软连接可以</p></blockquote></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>管道与重定向</p><ul><li><p>连接执行 <code>|</code></p><p> <code>ls -al | more</code></p></li><li><p>串联 <code>;</code> </p><p> <code>if ls /proc; then echo suss; else echo fail; fi</code></p></li><li><p>前面失败，则执行后一条 <code>||</code></p><p> <code>ls /proc && echo suss! || echo failed.</code> 与上一条效果相同</p></li><li><p>前面失败，不执行 <code>&&</code></p><p> <code>proc1 && proc2</code></p></li><li><p>重定向</p><p> <code>ls proc/*.c &> list</code> 将错误和标准输出重定向的list文件</p><p> <code>:> a.txt</code> 清空a.txt文件</p><p> <code>echo a >> a.txt</code> 重定向到a.txt</p></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="2-3-文本处理"><a href="#2-3-文本处理" class="headerlink" title="2.3 文本处理"></a>2.3 文本处理</h3><h2 id="三-Linux工具"><a href="#三-Linux工具" class="headerlink" title="三. Linux工具"></a>三. Linux工具</h2>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> Linux基础 </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> tool </tag>
<tag> Linux </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>hexo插入图片无法显示的问题</title>
<link href="dbf3a70c/"/>
<url>dbf3a70c/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p> hexo上的图片无法显示的原因是hexo-asset-image插件有个bug， 解决一处错误之后就可以显示图片了。</p><a id="more"></a><h3 id="安装的插件"><a href="#安装的插件" class="headerlink" title="安装的插件"></a>安装的插件</h3><blockquote><p>注意： </p><p> hexo显示图片需要插件， 如果没有安装插件，请先安装插件。</p><p> 如果只是解决错误无需安装插件， 这里只是说明我使用的插件是否跟你的一样。如果不是这个插件就没必要浪费时间往下读了。</p></blockquote><ul><li>安装了插入图片的插件 <code>npm install hexo-asset-image --save</code></li><li><code>_config.yml</code> 里的<code>post_asset_folder:</code>这个选项设置为<code>true</code></li></ul><h3 id="发现问题"><a href="#发现问题" class="headerlink" title="发现问题"></a>发现问题</h3><blockquote><p>注意： 下面啰嗦了很多，叙述了过程， 如果没兴趣可以直接看最后结论。</p></blockquote><p>然额…… 为什么图片依然显示不出来</p><ul><li>找到：public下面对应的html， 打开一看… <code><img src="/.com//20180209124830981.png" alt="img"></code></li></ul><p>???.jpg</p><p>路径怎么不对， 哪有个.com目录， 不是应该 <code>.com/2019/09/12/hexo插入图片无法显示的问题/20180209124830981.png</code>吗</p><p>没办法只能上网上搜一下，结果好多说路径有问题的， 原来是这个插件的问题，那么debug吧， 谁让我是个程序猿呢。</p><p>hexo-asset-image插件在 <code>/yourPath/node_modules/hexo-asset-image</code>下面， index.js就是主要代码。</p><p><strong>注意：</strong> yourPath是你的blog路径。 即存在<code>_config.yml</code>文件的路径（不是主题下面的那个）。</p><p>index.js 文件中有这样几行代码。</p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> link = data.permalink;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> beginPos = getPosition(link, <span class="string">'/'</span>, <span class="number">3</span>) + <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> appendLink = <span class="string">''</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// In hexo 3.1.1, the permalink of "about" page is like ".../about/index.html".</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// if not with index.html endpos = link.lastIndexOf('.') + 1 support hexo-abbrlink</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span>(<span class="regexp">/.*\/index\.html$/</span>.test(link)) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// when permalink is end with index.html, for example 2019/02/20/xxtitle/index.html</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// image in xxtitle/ will go to xxtitle/index/</span></span><br><span class="line"> appendLink = <span class="string">'index/'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">var</span> endPos = link.lastIndexOf(<span class="string">'/'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">} <span class="keyword">else</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">var</span> endPos = link.lastIndexOf(<span class="string">'.'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">link = link.substring(beginPos, endPos) + <span class="string">'/'</span> + appendLink;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>打印一下 一开始的link发现， 是你文章的html的路径，<code>http://yoursite.com/2019/09/12/hexo插入图片无法显示的问题/</code></p><p>其中……就是文件的路径。 那么只要拿到这个路径，就找到了图片的路径， 因为hexo会把你的图片复制到生成html的同一个目录。</p><p>那么第三行的代码找到的beginPos就是找到的路径开始的位置。 逻辑没有问题啊。 继续找吧。</p><p>问题来了。 后面的if 说判断如果是index.html结尾的话， 就会把图片复制到index目录。 否则的话就复制到当前目录。 </p><p>但是 var endPos = link.lastIndexOf(‘/‘); 找到的是哪个 这不是斜杠吗， 而且不是index.html结尾的话， 找到.到哪里了，一看可不就是.com吗， 可找到.com哪里来的了。 </p><p>很明显， 这两句写反了。 换过来就ok啦。</p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span>(<span class="regexp">/.*\/index\.html$/</span>.test(link)) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// when permalink is end with index.html, for example 2019/02/20/xxtitle/index.html</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// image in xxtitle/ will go to xxtitle/index/</span></span><br><span class="line"> appendLink = <span class="string">'index/'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">var</span> endPos = link.lastIndexOf(<span class="string">'.'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">} <span class="keyword">else</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">var</span> endPos = link.lastIndexOf(<span class="string">'/'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><h3 id="给没看懂的人的解决方法："><a href="#给没看懂的人的解决方法：" class="headerlink" title="给没看懂的人的解决方法："></a>给没看懂的人的解决方法：</h3><p>找到<code>node_modules/hexo-asset-image/index.js</code>文件， 找到一个代码段</p><p><img src="/dbf3a70c/1575104682904.png" alt="1575104682904"></p><p>将两行互换即可。</p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> other </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> hexo </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Protobuf3简单使用及Demo</title>
<link href="f274fc39/"/>
<url>f274fc39/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>摘要：</p><p> 一个二进制协议， 可以兼容多种语言。</p><a id="more"></a><h3 id="Protobuf简介"><a href="#Protobuf简介" class="headerlink" title="Protobuf简介"></a>Protobuf简介</h3><blockquote><pre><code>简单设计协议， 通过自带工具转换成为对应的语言代码， 协议是二进制协议， 设计时只需要描述各个类的关系， 简单明了</code></pre></blockquote><h3 id="用法："><a href="#用法：" class="headerlink" title="用法："></a>用法：</h3><ul><li>设计协议是在fileName.proto文件中， 其中fileName是自己定义， 在通过protoc转换成为对应的代码。</li></ul><ul><li><p>关键字：</p><ul><li>message 表示一个消息体， 相当于一个类。</li><li>每个message中都有对应的变量， 每个变量有个对应的编号， 每个message内不同变量的编号不能重复。</li><li>新版本的protobuf没有了required， optional等说明关键字， 都默认为optional</li></ul></li><li><p>基本语法</p> <figure class="highlight protobuf"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//指定版本 使用protobuf3</span></span><br><span class="line">syntax = <span class="string">"proto3"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">message</span> <span class="title">Account</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//账号</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">uint64</span> ID = <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//名字</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">string</span> name = <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//密码</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">string</span> password = <span class="number">3</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre><code>语法很简单， 上面例子就是指定使用protob3， 然后定义了一个Account类， 里面包含ID， name, password， 对应的类型是 uint64， string， string。所以基本的语法规则跟C++类似。 只不过多了后面变量的编号。</code></pre></li><li><p>生成代码：</p><p> 需要生成什么语言的代码需要直接指定，例如C++</p><p> <code>protoc --cpp_out=./ project.proto</code></p><p> <code>protoc</code>是工具名， 可以直接运行的命令。</p><p> <code>--cpp_out</code>是参数， 指定生成C++代码， =后面指定生成的目录。</p><p> <code>project.proto</code>是定义的文件。</p><p> 一共会生成两个文件。 <code>project.pb.h</code> 和 <code>project.pb.cc</code></p><p> 其中有生成的Account类中有这几个设置属性的方法</p> <figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">clear_name</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> kNameFieldNumber = <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">string</span>& <span class="title">name</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">set_name</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">string</span>& value)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">set_name</span><span class="params">(<span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">string</span>&& value)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">set_name</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">char</span>* value)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">set_name</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">char</span>* value, <span class="keyword">size_t</span> <span class="built_in">size</span>)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">string</span>* <span class="title">mutable_name</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">string</span>* <span class="title">release_name</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">set_allocated_name</span><span class="params">(<span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">string</span>* name)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// string password = 3;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">clear_password</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> kPasswordFieldNumber = <span class="number">3</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">string</span>& <span class="title">password</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">set_password</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">string</span>& value)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">set_password</span><span class="params">(<span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">string</span>&& value)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">set_password</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">char</span>* value)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">set_password</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">char</span>* value, <span class="keyword">size_t</span> <span class="built_in">size</span>)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">string</span>* <span class="title">mutable_password</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">string</span>* <span class="title">release_password</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">set_allocated_password</span><span class="params">(<span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">string</span>* password)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// uint64 ID = 1;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">clear_id</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> kIDFieldNumber = <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">::<span class="function">PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 <span class="title">id</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">set_id</span><span class="params">(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 value)</span></span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p> 及get/set方法。</p><p> 可以直接操作该类的属性。</p></li><li><p>使用该代码</p><ul><li><p>在要使用的代码中包含此头文件<code>project.pb.h</code></p><p> 直接使用该对象即可。编译的时候需要把<code>project.pb.cc</code>编译， 并在链接的时候链接动态链接库 <code>libprotobuf.so</code></p></li></ul></li><li><p>demo</p> <figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string"><iostream></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string"><string></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string">"project.pb.h"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"></span>{</span><br><span class="line">Account account;</span><br><span class="line">account.set_id(<span class="number">1000</span>);</span><br><span class="line">account.set_name(<span class="string">"name"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">account.set_password(<span class="string">"password"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//序列化</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">string</span> s = account.SerializeAsString();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span>(s.<span class="built_in">size</span>() == <span class="number">0</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">cout</span> << <span class="string">"error in SerializeAsString"</span> << <span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">Account nAccount;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//反序列化</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span>(nAccount.ParseFromString(s)) {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">cout</span> << nAccount.id() << <span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">cout</span> << nAccount.name() << <span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">cout</span> << nAccount.password() << <span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line">} <span class="keyword">else</span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">cout</span> << <span class="string">"error in ParseFromString"</span> << <span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>编译</p><p> <code>project.pb.cc</code>也需要编译， 如果是工程中， 可以单独编译， 由于只有一个文件所以就放到一块编译了<code>g++ demo.cpp project.pb.cc -lprotobuf -o main</code></p><p> 输出结果为：</p><blockquote><p>1000 </p><p>name </p><p>password</p></blockquote></li></ul><h3 id="更复杂的demo"><a href="#更复杂的demo" class="headerlink" title="更复杂的demo"></a>更复杂的demo</h3><ul><li><p>message的嵌套</p><blockquote><p>message就像类一样， 所以它也是可以嵌套的。</p><p>可以直接在message内写， 也可以在外部写， 但是要注意的是， 一个message内的编号不能重复。</p><p>所以令写一个message会节省编号。</p><p>节省编号的所有是节省空间。 前15号（0~15）用一个字节， 后面以此类推， 两个三个字节， 所以前15编号比较珍贵。</p></blockquote></li><li><p>demo</p> <figure class="highlight protobuf"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//指定版本 使用protobuf3</span></span><br><span class="line">syntax = <span class="string">"proto3"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">message</span> <span class="title">Account</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//账号</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">uint64</span> ID = <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//名字</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">string</span> name = <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//密码</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">string</span> password = <span class="number">3</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//宠物狗</span></span><br><span class="line">Dog dog = <span class="number">4</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">message</span> <span class="title">Dog</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">string</span> name = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">bool</span> sex = <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p> 还有几个比较重要的方法</p><p> <code>set_allocated_dog</code> dog不是必须的， 是类的名字。 可以是其他的名字</p><ul><li><p>参数是一个对应类型的指针， 调用这个函数， 它会自动释放这个指针的对象， 所以不需要delete， 否则会段错误。</p></li><li><p>再次调用这个参数时， 如果之前已经设置过参数， 那么再次调用的时候会之前设置的属性删除， 并且delete越来的对象。 在设置成新的属性。</p><p>除了这些方法之外还有一些clear之类的方法， 需要可以看文档或者给的头文件。</p></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="oneof"><a href="#oneof" class="headerlink" title="oneof"></a>oneof</h3><blockquote><p>oneof 是设置多个属性中的一个， 例如， 我的宠物可以是狗， 也可以是猫， 但是每个人只有一个的话。 设置两个占的空间就有点大。 因此只需要有一个就够了， 所以这个oneof就像union一样。</p></blockquote><figure class="highlight protobuf"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//指定版本 使用protobuf3</span></span><br><span class="line">syntax = <span class="string">"proto3"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">message</span> <span class="title">Account</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//账号</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">uint64</span> ID = <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//名字</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">string</span> name = <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//密码</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">string</span> password = <span class="number">3</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//宠物</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">oneof</span> pet {</span><br><span class="line">Dog dog = <span class="number">4</span>;</span><br><span class="line">Cat cat = <span class="number">5</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">message</span> <span class="title">Dog</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">string</span> name = <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">bool</span> sex = <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">message</span> <span class="title">Cat</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">string</span> name = <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//属性可以与Dog不同</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ul><li>方法<ul><li><code>has_cat</code> 或者 <code>has_dog</code> 方法用于检测是否有cat/dog</li><li>添加cat和dog直接用原来的方法添加即可。 但是当添加dog的时候会自动删除cat， 反之亦然。</li></ul></li></ul>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> C++ </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> tool </tag>
<tag> protbuf </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>CMake入门和CMake外部构建</title>
<link href="f9c5a82d/"/>
<url>f9c5a82d/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>摘要：</p><p> CMake的基本使用</p><p> 适用CMake在外部构建， 防止污染工作目录</p><a id="more"></a><h2 id="CMake"><a href="#CMake" class="headerlink" title="CMake"></a>CMake</h2><h4 id="基本命令"><a href="#基本命令" class="headerlink" title="基本命令"></a>基本命令</h4><blockquote><p>每个目录下需要有CMakeLists.txt， 解释如何构建</p></blockquote><ul><li><p>指定CMake最低版本号要求<br> <code>cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)</code></p></li><li><p>指定项目名称</p><p> <code>project(projectName)</code></p></li><li><p>指定生成目标</p><p> <code>add_executable(Demo fileList...)</code></p><p> 例如 <code>add_executable(main main.cpp)</code></p><p> 多个文件时只需要在fileList处罗列即可， 空格隔开每个文件名， Demo则是生成的可执行文件名称</p></li><li><p>执行CMake</p><p> <code># cmake .</code> .表示当前目录</p></li><li><p>查找指定文件夹下所有的文件</p><p> <code>aux_source_directory(<dir> <variable>)</code></p><blockquote><p>将dir下所有文件名赋值为variable变量， 每个变量名用空格隔开</p></blockquote></li><li><p>添加头文件路径</p><p> <code>include_directories("path")</code></p></li></ul><h4 id="多级目录"><a href="#多级目录" class="headerlink" title="多级目录"></a>多级目录</h4><blockquote><p>多个目录时， 每个目录下面都要有CMakeLists.txt文件</p></blockquote><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">./Demo</span><br><span class="line"> |</span><br><span class="line"> +--- main.cc</span><br><span class="line"> |</span><br><span class="line"> +--- math/</span><br><span class="line"> |</span><br><span class="line"> +--- MathFunctions.cc</span><br><span class="line"> |</span><br><span class="line"> +--- MathFunctions.h</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>对于这种情况： 将math下的代码生成静态链接库</p><figure class="highlight cmake"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">aux_source_directory</span>(. DIR_LIB_SRCS)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 生成链接库</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">add_library</span> (MathFunctions <span class="variable">${DIR_LIB_SRCS}</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>Demo文件夹下：</p><figure class="highlight cmake"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">project</span>(Demo)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">aux_source_ddirectory(. DIR_SRC)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 添加 math 子目录</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">add_subdirectory</span>(<span class="keyword">math</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">add_executable</span>(Demo main.cc)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 添加链接库</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">target_link_libraries</span>(Demo MathFunctions)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>这样即可多级目录构建</p><h4 id="外部构建"><a href="#外部构建" class="headerlink" title="外部构建"></a>外部构建</h4><blockquote><pre><code>使用cmake . 的是后总是在当前目录生成很多文件和文件夹， 目前来说这些除了Makefile都是没用的，看起来很闹心 。如果可以让生成的文件放到一个固定的目录就好了。也就是官方推荐的外部构建（out-of-source）， 最大的好处是不会再原来的目录下生成与工程无关的文件。</code></pre></blockquote><p>外部构建的方法很简单，一开始使用<code>cmake .</code>的时候这个<code>.</code>表示的是当前目录，那么如果在别的地方，时候cmake命令构建的时候只要给定一个正确的路径就可以了，例如在当前工程目录下创建一个<code>build</code>目录，进入build目录， 然后使用<code>cmake ..</code>即可构建。这样生成的文件就在当前目录下了。</p><h4 id="自定义编译选项"><a href="#自定义编译选项" class="headerlink" title="自定义编译选项"></a>自定义编译选项</h4><blockquote><p>后续用的话再更新， 现在刚开始还用不到。</p></blockquote>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> tool </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> tool </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Linux进程内存分布</title>
<link href="c284c665/"/>
<url>c284c665/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p> 在多任务操作系统中， 每个进程都有自己的内存沙盘， 使用的内存地址都是自己内存中的相对地址，当CPU时间片轮转到的时候， 操作系统将对应进程的内存页调入寄存器， 进程开始运行。因此不同进程间的内存地址是没有关联的， 都是自己的相对地址。</p><a id="more"></a><h4 id="内存分布图"><a href="#内存分布图" class="headerlink" title="内存分布图"></a>内存分布图</h4><p><img src="/c284c665/041752323799167.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p><p>这个图是32位机器的， $2^{32} = 4GB$, 64位机器就有点大了， $(4GB)^2$ 额…… 反正你用不到这么大就行了。 分配比例差不多吧， 不是很了解。</p><h4 id="概要："><a href="#概要：" class="headerlink" title="概要："></a>概要：</h4><blockquote><p>这图上部是高地址， 最下面是0， 共分为两部分， 内核区和用户区</p></blockquote><h4 id="内核区："><a href="#内核区：" class="headerlink" title="内核区："></a>内核区：</h4><p>内核区不允许用户代码访问， 只要访问就会出现段错误， 内核区主要有PCB（进程控制块）， 保存进程运行的信息</p><h4 id="栈区："><a href="#栈区：" class="headerlink" title="栈区："></a>栈区：</h4><p>保存的内容：</p><ul><li><p>函数内定义的局部变量（非static）</p></li><li><p>中断发生时存放的运行环境 </p></li></ul><p> 用户区第一块区域，当函数结束时， 局部变量自动销毁， 内存自动释放， 因此这部分内存不需要程序员自己管理<br> 增长方向为向下增长（向减小的方向增长）， 与堆区相反。</p><h4 id="内存映射区："><a href="#内存映射区：" class="headerlink" title="内存映射区："></a>内存映射区：</h4><p> 这里保存动态链接库， 地址在栈区和堆区之间。</p><h4 id="堆区："><a href="#堆区：" class="headerlink" title="堆区："></a>堆区：</h4><p> 这里保存用户自己申请的内存， 这部分内存需要用户自己释放， 例如new申请的内存要用delete释放， 同理malloc 与 free。</p><h4 id="bss-未初始化全局变量区"><a href="#bss-未初始化全局变量区" class="headerlink" title=".bss 未初始化全局变量区"></a>.bss 未初始化全局变量区</h4><blockquote><p>此处保存全局变量和静态变量</p></blockquote><h4 id="data-已初始化全局变量区"><a href="#data-已初始化全局变量区" class="headerlink" title=".data 已初始化全局变量区"></a>.data 已初始化全局变量区</h4><blockquote><p>同上， 只是这里保存的是已初始化的</p></blockquote><h4 id="text"><a href="#text" class="headerlink" title=".text"></a>.text</h4><blockquote><p>程序代码， 即CPU可执行的二进制代码， 不是C或C++等代码</p><p>常量： 如const 和 1 、 ”helloword“等</p></blockquote>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> Linux基础 </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> Linux </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>通过运行窗口启动自己安装的应用</title>
<link href="7133041a/"/>
<url>7133041a/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>前段时间安装的半透明bash感觉挺好看的, 再配上音乐的桌面写真, 但是烦恼的是桌面太多快捷方式之类的, 全部隐藏吧, 感觉打开很麻烦, 放到开始的磁力贴那里也不方便. 但是想起来 win+r 这是个好东西啊, 为什么不利用下呢, 于是开始了捣鼓之旅~</p><a id="more"></a><p>首先我们要找到它能启动哪个文件夹下的快捷方式. 输入命令%windir% 就会打开C:\WINDOWS 这个目录, 也可以手动打开这个目录.</p><p><img src="/7133041a/20180209124059682.png" alt="img">)<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" alt="点击并拖拽以移动"></p><p>然后把你桌面上的快捷方式或者链接文件放到这个目录下就可以了. </p><p>然后呢我们把快捷方式改个名, 不然QQ的时候我们还要输入腾讯QQ多麻烦, 我们把快捷方式重命名为QQ就可以了, 然后启动的时候是不区分大小写的, 因此输入qq也可以</p><p><img src="/7133041a/20180209124337522.png" alt="img">)<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" alt="点击并拖拽以移动"></p><p>然后win+r 输入 qq就可以启动了呢, 其他的应用也是可以的</p><p><img src="/7133041a/20180209124413269.png" alt="img">)<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" alt="点击并拖拽以移动"></p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> tool </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> windows </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>把wsl的vim内容复制到windows粘贴板上</title>
<link href="b32afe9e/"/>
<url>b32afe9e/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>一直比较喜欢用vim， 为此还装了双系统， 在Ubuntu上写代码，但是好不方便， 现在出了个ubuntu on windows 10, 耐不住寂寞就安装了个， 顺手就配置了vim， 但是写算法的我需要复制代码交到oj上啊， 尴尬的一幕出现了， 这是两个系统， 用的不是一个剪切板啊。然后就开始了我折腾的旅程（废话好多。。。逃~）</p><p>找了找windows， 在C:\Windows\System32 下有个 clip.exe 文件， 这就是我们用的剪切功能，如果在bash里运行呢， 会不会就是写入win10的剪切板， 试了下果然！太棒了。</p><a id="more"></a><p>然后就可以在.vimrc下写映射了。</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">map <F3> : call CopyToWindows()<CR></span><br><span class="line">map! <F3> <ESC> : call CopyToWindows()<CR></span><br><span class="line">func! CopyToWindows()</span><br><span class="line"> exec "w"</span><br><span class="line"> exec "!cat % |/mnt/c/Windows/System32/clip.exe"</span><br><span class="line">endfunc</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" alt="点击并拖拽以移动"></p><p>这样按F3就可以把当前vim打开的文件内容复制到win10的粘贴板了， 没啥技术含量， 就是cat下当前文件 把文件内容输送给clip.exe命令</p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> skill </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> windows </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>设置WSL可远程连接</title>
<link href="c67633e4/"/>
<url>c67633e4/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>为了可以在学校机房的电脑上使用我熟悉的环境也是蛮拼的, 特地把WSL设置成了远程连接. 到时候就可以通过xshell连接了, 使用我心爱的vim了, 并且还不用配置, 哈哈哈哈~</p><a id="more"></a><p>首先更新一下自带的sshserver 卸载了更新下源再安装即可, 安装选择当前源当中的主要版本</p><p>然后就是配置ssh的配置文件:</p><p>打开配置文件: </p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" alt="点击并拖拽以移动"></p><p>写入:</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Port 2222 #设置ssh的端口号, 由于22在windows中有别的用处, 尽量不修改系统的端口号</span><br><span class="line">PermitRootLogin yes # 可以root远程登录</span><br><span class="line">PasswordAuthentication yes # 密码验证登录</span><br><span class="line">AllowUsers sky # 远程登录时的用户名</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" alt="点击并拖拽以移动"></p><p>重启服务:</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo service ssh --full-restart</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" alt="点击并拖拽以移动"></p><p>这个时候你自己电脑上的xhell是可以连接的了, 但是想要在其他的计算机上访问, 就需要系统开放端口了.</p><p>这是后需要到防火墙设置开放2222端口</p><p>防火墙->高级设置->入站规则->新建规则</p><p><img src="/c67633e4/20180928162108931.png" alt="img">)<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" alt="点击并拖拽以移动"></p><p>端口->下一步</p><p>选择tcp 特定本地端口 2222</p><p><img src="/c67633e4/20180928162242346.png" alt="img">)<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" alt="点击并拖拽以移动"></p><p>允许连接, 默认都选上, 下一步填个名字 完成</p><p>这个时候就可以通过网络进行ssh远程登录了</p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> setting </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> wsl </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>安装STL的man文档</title>
<link href="b148353a/"/>
<url>b148353a/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>摘要：<br> 现man一样显示stl的帮助文档</p><a id="more"></a><p>既然你都已经搜到这个问题了, 那你一定知道man还是很好用的, 而且比较权威, 毕竟官方带的… 废话不多说, 一开始官方给的文档是不全的, 有些函数里面没有, 例如STL等</p><p>检查一下自己是否安装了:</p><p><img src="/b148353a/20180923165031823.png" alt="img">)<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" alt="点击并拖拽以移动"></p><p>接下来就安装stl的帮助文档</p><p>首先从<a href="http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/sourceware.org/pub/gcc/libstdc%2B%2B/doxygen/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/sourceware.org/pub/gcc/libstdc%2b%2b/doxygen/</a> 下载帮助文档 我下载的是 libstdc++-man.4.4.0 .tar.bz2</p><p>然后将解压出的文件夹下man3中的内容都拷贝到 /usr/share/man/man3/</p><p>然后再试一下 </p><p><img src="/b148353a/2018092317292672.png" alt="img">)<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" alt="点击并拖拽以移动"></p><p>大功告成!!! 不要忘了加std::哦~</p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> tool </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> tool </tag>
<tag> wsl </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>bash on win10 半透明效果及缓冲区大小设置</title>
<link href="96f50417/"/>
<url>96f50417/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>一、bash半透明效果设置</p><p>先来两张效果图</p><p><img src="/96f50417/20180209124830981.png" alt="img"> </p><p><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" alt="点击并拖拽以移动"></p><p><img src="/96f50417/20180209124947571.png" alt="img">)<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" alt="点击并拖拽以移动"></p><a id="more"></a><p>这样写代码是不是少了点枯燥多了点享受呢<del>.</del></p><p>怎么弄得呢?</p><p>首先设置窗口的半透明:(右键窗口上边框就可以, 里面有个默认值这个是永久设置, 还有个属性, 这个是只是本次设置有效,重新打开窗口就没了)</p><p><img src="/96f50417/20180209125115397.png" alt="img">)<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" alt="点击并拖拽以移动"></p><p>然后其他字体, 以及窗口的大小自己根据显示的大小设置即可.</p><p>还有个问题就是如果使用了桌面写真, 不能使用窗口最大化, 如果最大化, 音乐的歌词就停了. 所以设置的窗口大一点, 打开就跟全屏差不多, 但是这是窗口化.</p><h3 id="二、缓冲区大小设置"><a href="#二、缓冲区大小设置" class="headerlink" title="二、缓冲区大小设置"></a>二、缓冲区大小设置</h3><p>当使用bash的时候设置缓冲区大小不仅仅是bash.rc 文件了, 还与windows窗口设置有关, 如果你有很多, 窗口不然看白搭.</p><p>设置窗口能显示的条数:</p><p>跟之前设置一样, 打开窗口默认值设置, 选择布局, 然后屏幕缓冲区大小的高度就是能显示的行数.</p><p><img src="/96f50417/20180209125526649.png" alt="img">)<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" alt="点击并拖拽以移动"></p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> tool </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> wsl </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
</search>