diff --git a/apis/python/src/tiledbsoma/_index_util.py b/apis/python/src/tiledbsoma/_index_util.py
index 433e0433e0..1468dbbfbb 100644
--- a/apis/python/src/tiledbsoma/_index_util.py
+++ b/apis/python/src/tiledbsoma/_index_util.py
@@ -36,12 +36,6 @@ def tiledbsoma_build_index(
     Lifecycle:
         Experimental.
     """
-    if context is not None:
-        tdb_concurrency = int(
-            context.tiledb_ctx.config().get("sm.compute_concurrency_level", 10)
-        )
-        thread_count = max(1, tdb_concurrency // 2)
-
     reindexer = clib.IntIndexer()
-    reindexer.map_locations(keys, thread_count)
+    reindexer.map_locations(keys, context)
     return reindexer  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
diff --git a/apis/python/src/tiledbsoma/reindexer.cc b/apis/python/src/tiledbsoma/reindexer.cc
index 575c246ef6..4b6bfad439 100644
--- a/apis/python/src/tiledbsoma/reindexer.cc
+++ b/apis/python/src/tiledbsoma/reindexer.cc
@@ -46,23 +46,23 @@ void load_reindexer(py::module &m) {
     // between 0 and number of keys - 1) based on khash
     py::class_<IntIndexer>(m, "IntIndexer")
         .def(py::init<>())
-        .def(py::init<std::vector<int64_t>&, int>())
+        .def(py::init<std::vector<int64_t>&, std::shared_ptr<SOMAContext>>())
         .def(
             "map_locations",
             [](IntIndexer& indexer,
                 py::array_t<int64_t> keys,
-                int num_threads) {
+                std::shared_ptr<SOMAContext> context) {
                 auto buffer = keys.request();
                 int64_t* data = static_cast<int64_t*>(buffer.ptr);
                 size_t length = buffer.shape[0];
-                indexer.map_locations(keys.data(), keys.size(), num_threads);
+                indexer.map_locations(keys.data(), keys.size(), context);
             })
         .def(
             "map_locations",
             [](IntIndexer& indexer,
                 std::vector<int64_t> keys,
-                int num_threads) {
-                indexer.map_locations(keys.data(), keys.size(), num_threads);
+                int context) {
+                indexer.map_locations(keys.data(), keys.size(), context);
             })
         // Perform lookup for a large input array of keys and return the looked
         // up value array (passing ownership from C++ to python)
diff --git a/apis/python/tests/test_indexer.py b/apis/python/tests/test_indexer.py
index 415f75749a..0b6b6c647a 100644
--- a/apis/python/tests/test_indexer.py
+++ b/apis/python/tests/test_indexer.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def test_duplicate_key_indexer_error(
 ):
     context = _validate_soma_tiledb_context(SOMATileDBContext())
     with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="There are duplicate keys."):
-        tiledbsoma_build_index(keys, context=context)
+        tiledbsoma_build_index(keys, context=context.native_context)
 
     pd_index = pd.Index(keys)
     with pytest.raises(pd.errors.InvalidIndexError):
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def test_duplicate_key_indexer_error(
 )
 def test_indexer(keys: np.array, lookups: np.array):
     context = _validate_soma_tiledb_context(SOMATileDBContext())
-    indexer = tiledbsoma_build_index(keys, context=context)
+    indexer = tiledbsoma_build_index(keys, context=context.native_context)
     results = indexer.get_indexer(lookups)
     panda_indexer = pd.Index(keys)
     panda_results = panda_indexer.get_indexer(lookups)
diff --git a/libtiledbsoma/src/CMakeLists.txt b/libtiledbsoma/src/CMakeLists.txt
index 923652c7c5..e89a870b10 100644
--- a/libtiledbsoma/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/libtiledbsoma/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ add_library(TILEDB_SOMA_OBJECTS OBJECT
   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/soma/soma_collection.cc
   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/soma/soma_experiment.cc
   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/soma/soma_measurement.cc
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/soma/soma_context.cc
   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/soma/soma_dataframe.cc
   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/soma/soma_dense_ndarray.cc
   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/soma/soma_sparse_ndarray.cc
diff --git a/libtiledbsoma/src/reindexer/reindexer.cc b/libtiledbsoma/src/reindexer/reindexer.cc
index fbd52fcc02..8ccb21dea1 100644
--- a/libtiledbsoma/src/reindexer/reindexer.cc
+++ b/libtiledbsoma/src/reindexer/reindexer.cc
@@ -47,16 +47,15 @@ KHASH_MAP_INIT_INT64(m64, int64_t)
 namespace tiledbsoma {
 
 void IntIndexer::map_locations(
-    const int64_t* keys, size_t size, size_t threads) {
+    const int64_t* keys,
+    size_t size,
+    std::shared_ptr<tiledbsoma::SOMAContext> context) {
     map_size_ = size;
 
     // Handling edge cases
     if (size == 0) {
         return;
     }
-    if (threads == 0) {
-        throw std::runtime_error("Re-indexer thread count cannot be zero.");
-    }
 
     hash_ = kh_init(m64);
     kh_resize(m64, hash_, size * 1.25);
@@ -64,10 +63,8 @@ void IntIndexer::map_locations(
     khint64_t k;
     int64_t counter = 0;
     // Hash map construction
-    LOG_DEBUG(fmt::format(
-        "[Re-indexer] Start of Map locations with {} keys and {} threads",
-        size,
-        threads));
+    LOG_DEBUG(
+        fmt::format("[Re-indexer] Start of Map locations with {} keys", size));
     for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
         k = kh_put(m64, hash_, keys[i], &ret);
         assert(k != kh_end(hash_));
@@ -79,18 +76,19 @@ void IntIndexer::map_locations(
     }
     auto hsize = kh_size(hash_);
     LOG_DEBUG(fmt::format("[Re-indexer] khash size = {}", hsize));
-    if (threads > 1) {
-        tiledb_thread_pool_ = std::make_unique<tiledbsoma::ThreadPool>(threads);
-    }
+
     LOG_DEBUG(
         fmt::format("[Re-indexer] Thread pool started and hash table created"));
+    context_ = context;
 }
 
 void IntIndexer::lookup(const int64_t* keys, int64_t* results, int size) {
     if (size == 0) {
         return;
     }
-    if (tiledb_thread_pool_ == nullptr) {  // When concurrency is 1
+    // Single thread checks
+    if (context_ == nullptr || context_->thread_pool() == nullptr ||
+        context_->thread_pool()->concurrency_level() == 1) {
         for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
             auto k = kh_get(m64, hash_, keys[i]);
             if (k == kh_end(hash_)) {
@@ -104,12 +102,13 @@ void IntIndexer::lookup(const int64_t* keys, int64_t* results, int size) {
     }
     LOG_DEBUG(fmt::format(
         "Lookup with thread concurrency {} on data size {}",
-        tiledb_thread_pool_->concurrency_level(),
+        context_->thread_pool()->concurrency_level(),
         size));
 
     std::vector<tiledbsoma::ThreadPool::Task> tasks;
 
-    size_t thread_chunk_size = size / tiledb_thread_pool_->concurrency_level();
+    size_t thread_chunk_size = size /
+                               context_->thread_pool()->concurrency_level();
     if (thread_chunk_size == 0) {
         thread_chunk_size = 1;
     }
@@ -122,7 +121,7 @@ void IntIndexer::lookup(const int64_t* keys, int64_t* results, int size) {
         }
         LOG_DEBUG(fmt::format(
             "Creating tileDB task for the range from {} to {} ", start, end));
-        tiledbsoma::ThreadPool::Task task = tiledb_thread_pool_->execute(
+        tiledbsoma::ThreadPool::Task task = context_->thread_pool()->execute(
             [this, start, end, &results, &keys]() {
                 for (size_t i = start; i < end; i++) {
                     auto k = kh_get(m64, hash_, keys[i]);
@@ -142,7 +141,7 @@ void IntIndexer::lookup(const int64_t* keys, int64_t* results, int size) {
             start,
             end));
     }
-    tiledb_thread_pool_->wait_all(tasks);
+    context_->thread_pool()->wait_all(tasks);
 }
 
 IntIndexer::~IntIndexer() {
@@ -151,8 +150,11 @@ IntIndexer::~IntIndexer() {
     }
 }
 
-IntIndexer::IntIndexer(const int64_t* keys, int size, int threads) {
-    map_locations(keys, size, threads);
+IntIndexer::IntIndexer(
+    const int64_t* keys,
+    int size,
+    std::shared_ptr<tiledbsoma::SOMAContext> context) {
+    map_locations(keys, size, context);
 }
 
 }  // namespace tiledbsoma
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libtiledbsoma/src/reindexer/reindexer.h b/libtiledbsoma/src/reindexer/reindexer.h
index 5996ab5065..24d1215de6 100644
--- a/libtiledbsoma/src/reindexer/reindexer.h
+++ b/libtiledbsoma/src/reindexer/reindexer.h
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ struct kh_m64_s;
 namespace tiledbsoma {
 
 class ThreadPool;
+class SOMAContext;
 
 class IntIndexer {
    public:
@@ -53,9 +54,14 @@ class IntIndexer {
      * @param size yhr number of keys in the put
      * @param threads number of threads in the thread pool
      */
-    void map_locations(const int64_t* keys, size_t size, size_t threads = 4);
-    void map_locations(const std::vector<int64_t>& keys, size_t threads = 4) {
-        map_locations(keys.data(), keys.size(), threads);
+    void map_locations(
+        const int64_t* keys,
+        size_t size,
+        std::shared_ptr<tiledbsoma::SOMAContext> context);
+    void map_locations(
+        const std::vector<int64_t>& keys,
+        std::shared_ptr<tiledbsoma::SOMAContext> context) {
+        map_locations(keys.data(), keys.size(), context);
     }
     /**
      * Used for parallel lookup using khash
@@ -77,9 +83,14 @@ class IntIndexer {
     /**
      * Constructor with the same arguments as map_locations
      */
-    IntIndexer(const int64_t* keys, int size, int threads);
-    IntIndexer(const std::vector<int64_t>& keys, int threads)
-        : IntIndexer(keys.data(), keys.size(), threads) {
+    IntIndexer(
+        const int64_t* keys,
+        int size,
+        std::shared_ptr<tiledbsoma::SOMAContext> context);
+    IntIndexer(
+        const std::vector<int64_t>& keys,
+        std::shared_ptr<tiledbsoma::SOMAContext> context)
+        : IntIndexer(keys.data(), keys.size(), context) {
     }
     virtual ~IntIndexer();
 
@@ -88,10 +99,8 @@ class IntIndexer {
      * The created 64bit hash table
      */
     kh_m64_s* hash_;
-    /*
-     * TileDB threadpool
-     */
-    std::shared_ptr<tiledbsoma::ThreadPool> tiledb_thread_pool_ = nullptr;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<SOMAContext> context_ = nullptr;
     /*
      * Number of elements in the map set by map_locations
      */
diff --git a/libtiledbsoma/src/soma/soma_context.cc b/libtiledbsoma/src/soma/soma_context.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..801495e61c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libtiledbsoma/src/soma/soma_context.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/**
+ * @file   soma_dataframe.h
+ *
+ * @section LICENSE
+ *
+ * The MIT License
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023 TileDB, Inc.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * @section DESCRIPTION
+ *
+ *   This file defines the SOMAContext class.
+ */
+#include "soma_context.h"
+#include <thread_pool/thread_pool.h>
+
+namespace tiledbsoma {
+
+void SOMAContext::create_thread_pool() {
+    // Extracting concurrency from tiledb config
+    auto cfg = tiledb_config();
+    int concurrency = 10;
+    if (cfg.find("sm.compute_concurrency_level") != cfg.end()) {
+        concurrency = std::stoi(cfg["sm.compute_concurrency_level"]);
+    }
+    int thread_count = std::max(1, concurrency / 2);
+    if (thread_count > 1) {
+        thread_pool() = std::make_shared<ThreadPool>(thread_count);
+    }
+}
+}  // namespace tiledbsoma
diff --git a/libtiledbsoma/src/soma/soma_context.h b/libtiledbsoma/src/soma/soma_context.h
index 0766113082..be1237fb70 100644
--- a/libtiledbsoma/src/soma/soma_context.h
+++ b/libtiledbsoma/src/soma/soma_context.h
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 #include <tiledb/tiledb>
 
 namespace tiledbsoma {
+class ThreadPool;
 
 using namespace tiledb;
 
@@ -47,10 +48,14 @@ class SOMAContext {
     //= public non-static
     //===================================================================
     SOMAContext()
-        : ctx_(std::make_shared<Context>(Config({}))){};
+        : ctx_(std::make_shared<Context>(Config({}))) {
+        create_thread_pool();
+    };
 
     SOMAContext(std::map<std::string, std::string> platform_config)
-        : ctx_(std::make_shared<Context>(Config(platform_config))){};
+        : ctx_(std::make_shared<Context>(Config(platform_config))) {
+        create_thread_pool();
+    };
 
     bool operator==(const SOMAContext& other) const {
         return ctx_ == other.ctx_;
@@ -67,13 +72,22 @@ class SOMAContext {
         return cfg;
     }
 
+    std::shared_ptr<ThreadPool>& thread_pool() {
+        return thread_pool_;
+    }
+
    private:
     //===================================================================
     //= private non-static
     //===================================================================
 
+    void create_thread_pool();
+
     // TileDB context
     std::shared_ptr<Context> ctx_;
+
+    // Threadpool
+    std::shared_ptr<ThreadPool> thread_pool_ = nullptr;
 };
 }  // namespace tiledbsoma
 
diff --git a/libtiledbsoma/test/test_indexer.cc b/libtiledbsoma/test/test_indexer.cc
index c99d13ff61..784297dc48 100644
--- a/libtiledbsoma/test/test_indexer.cc
+++ b/libtiledbsoma/test/test_indexer.cc
@@ -31,8 +31,10 @@
  */
 
 #include <reindexer/reindexer.h>
+#include <soma/soma_context.h>
 #include <catch2/catch_test_macros.hpp>
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <tiledb/tiledb>
 #include <unordered_map>
@@ -57,9 +59,10 @@ bool run_test(int id, std::vector<int64_t> keys, std::vector<int64_t> lookups) {
     try {
         std::vector<int64_t> indexer_results;
         indexer_results.resize(lookups.size());
+        auto context = std::make_shared<tiledbsoma::SOMAContext>();
 
         tiledbsoma::IntIndexer indexer;
-        indexer.map_locations(keys);
+        indexer.map_locations(keys, context);
         auto* hash = kh_init(m64);
         int ret;
         khint64_t k;