CKAquestions_answers.txt

1. List all the namespaces in the cluster
	Solution: 
		kubectl get namespaces
		kubectl get ns
	
2. List all the pods in all namespaces
	Solution:
	kubectl get po --all-namespaces
	
3. List all the pods in the particular namespace
	Solution:
	kubectl get po -n <namespace name>
	
4. List all the services in the particular namespace
	Solution:
	kubectl get svc -n <namespace name>

5. List all the pods showing name and namespace with a json path expression
	Solution:
	kubectl get pods -o=jsonpath="{.items[*]['metadata.name', 'metadata.namespace']}"

6. Create an nginx pod in a default namespace and verify the pod running
	Solution:
	// creating a pod
	kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --restart=Never
	// List the pod
	kubectl get po

7. generate the yaml for pod called nginx2 & write to /opt/nginx203.yml. DONOT create the pod
	Solution:
	// get the yaml file with --dry-run flag
	kubectl run nginx2 --image=nginx --dry-run -o yaml > /opt/nginx203.yml

8. Output the yaml file of the pod nginx created above & write the output to /opt/nginx.yml
	Solution:
	kubectl get po nginx -o yaml > /opt/nginx.yml

9. Output the yaml file of the pod you just created without the cluster-specific information
	Solution:
	kubectl get po nginx -o yaml --export

10. Get the complete details of the pod you just created
	Solution:
	kubectl describe pod nginx

11. Delete the pod you just created
	Solution:
	kubectl delete po nginx
	kubectl delete -f nginx-pod.yaml

12. create a pod named alpine with image nginx & Delete the pod created without any delay (force delete)
	Solution:
	kubectl delete po alpine --grace-period=0 --force

13. Create the nginx pod with version 1.17.4 and expose it on port 80
	Solution:
	kubectl run nginx --image=nginx:1.17.4 --restart=Never --port=80

14. Change the Image version to 1.15-alpine for the pod you just created and verify the image version is updated
	Solution:
	kubectl set image pod/nginx nginx=nginx:1.15-alpine
	kubectl describe po nginx
	// another way it will open vi editor and change the version
	kubeclt edit po nginx
	kubectl describe po nginx

15. Change the Image version back to 1.17.1 for the pod you just updated and observe the changes
	Solution:
	kubectl set image pod/nginx nginx=nginx:1.17.1
	kubectl describe po nginx
	kubectl get po nginx -w # watch it

16. Check the Image version without the describe command
	Solution:
	kubectl get po nginx -o jsonpath='{.spec.containers[].image}{"\n"}'

17. Create the nginx pod and execute the simple shell on the pod
	Solution:
	// creating a pod
	kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --restart=Never
	// exec into the pod
	kubectl exec -it nginx /bin/sh
	
18. Get the IP Address of the pod you just created
	Solution:
	kubectl get po nginx -o wide

19. Create a busybox pod and run command ls while creating it and check the logs
	Solution:
	kubectl run busybox --image=busybox --restart=Never -- ls
	kubectl logs busybox

20. If pod crashed check the previous logs of the pod
	Solution:
	kubectl logs busybox -p
	
21. Create a busybox pod with command sleep 3600
	Solution:
	kubectl run busybox --image=busybox --restart=Never -- /bin/sh -c "sleep 3600"

22. Check the connection of the nginx pod from the busybox pod
	Solution:
	kubectl get po nginx -o wide
	// check the connection
	kubectl exec -it busybox -- wget -o- <IP Address>

23. Create a busybox pod and echo message ‘How are you’ and delete it manually
	Solution:
	kubectl run busybox --image=nginx --restart=Never -it -- echo "How are you"
	kubectl delete po busybox

24. Create a busybox pod and echo message ‘How are you’ and have it deleted immediately
	Solution:
	// notice the --rm flag
	kubectl run busybox --image=nginx --restart=Never -it --rm -- echo "How are you"

25. Create an nginx pod and list the pod with different levels of verbosity
	Solution:
	// create a pod
	kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --restart=Never --port=80
	// List the pod with different verbosity
	kubectl get po nginx --v=7
	kubectl get po nginx --v=8
	kubectl get po nginx --v=9
	
26. List the nginx pod with custom columns POD_NAME and POD_STATUS
	Solution:
	kubectl get po -o=custom-columns="POD_NAME:.metadata.name, POD_STATUS:.status.containerStatuses[].state"

27. List all the pods sorted by name
	Solution:
	kubectl get pods --sort-by=.metadata.name

28. List all the pods sorted by created timestamp
	Solution:
	kubectl get pods--sort-by=.metadata.creationTimestamp

29. Create a Pod with three busy box containers with commands “ls; sleep 3600;”, “echo Hello World; sleep 3600;” and “echo this is the third container; sleep 3600” respectively and check the status
	Solution:
	// first create single container pod with dry run flag
	kubectl run busybox --image=busybox --restart=Never --dry-run=client -o yaml -- bin/sh -c "sleep 3600; ls" > multi-container.yaml
	// edit the pod to following yaml and create it
	kubectl create -f multi-container.yaml
	kubectl get po busybox
	
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: busybox
		  name: busybox
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - args:
			- bin/sh
			- -c
			- ls; sleep 3600
			image: busybox
			name: busybox1
			resources: {}
		  - args:
			- bin/sh
			- -c
			- echo Hello world; sleep 3600
			image: busybox
			name: busybox2
			resources: {}
		  - args:
			- bin/sh
			- -c
			- echo this is third container; sleep 3600
			image: busybox
			name: busybox3
			resources: {}
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}

30. Check the logs of each container that you just created
	Solution:
	kubectl logs busybox -c busybox1
	kubectl logs busybox -c busybox2
	kubectl logs busybox -c busybox3
	
31. Check the previous logs of the second container busybox2 if any
	Solution:
	kubectl logs busybox -c busybox2 --previous
	
32. Run command ls in the third container busybox3 of the above pod
	Solution:
	kubectl exec busybox -c busybox3 -- ls
	
33. Show metrics of the above pod containers and puts them into the file.log and verify
	Solution:
	kubectl top pod busybox --containers
	// putting them into file
	kubectl top pod busybox --containers > file.log
	cat file.log
	
34. Create a Pod with main container busybox and which executes this “while true; do echo ‘Hi I am from Main container’ >> /var/log/index.html; sleep 5; done” and with sidecar container with nginx image which exposes on port 80. Use emptyDir Volume and mount this volume on path /var/log for busybox and on path /usr/share/nginx/html for nginx container. Verify both containers are running.
	Solution:

	// create an initial yaml file with this
	kubectl run multi-cont-pod --image=busbox --restart=Never --dry-run -o yaml > multi-container.yaml
	// edit the yml as below and create it
	kubectl create -f multi-container.yaml
	kubectl get po multi-cont-pod

		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: multi-cont-pod
		  name: multi-cont-pod
		spec:
		  volumes:
		  - name: var-logs
			emptyDir: {}
		  containers:
		  - image: busybox
			command: ["/bin/sh"]
			args: ["-c", "while true; do echo 'Hi I am from Main container' >> /var/log/index.html; sleep 5;done"]
			name: main-container
			resources: {}
			volumeMounts:
			- name: var-logs
			  mountPath: /var/log
		  - image: nginx
			name: sidecar-container
			resources: {}
			ports:
			  - containerPort: 80
			volumeMounts:
			- name: var-logs
			  mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}

35. Exec into both containers and verify that main.txt exist and query the main.txt from sidecar container with curl localhost
	Solution:
	// exec into main container
	kubectl exec -it  multi-cont-pod -c main-container -- sh
	cat /var/log/main.txt
	// exec into sidecar container
	kubectl exec -it  multi-cont-pod -c sidecar-container -- sh
	cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
	// install curl and get default page
	kubectl exec -it  multi-cont-pod -c sidecar-container -- sh
	# apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl
	# curl localhost


36. Get the pods with label information
	Solution:
	kubectl get pods --show-labels

37. Create 5 nginx pods in which two of them is labeled env=prod and three of them is labeled env=dev
	Solution:
	kubectl run nginx-dev1 --image=nginx --restart=Never --labels=env=dev
	kubectl run nginx-dev2 --image=nginx --restart=Never --labels=env=dev
	kubectl run nginx-dev3 --image=nginx --restart=Never --labels=env=dev
	kubectl run nginx-prod1 --image=nginx --restart=Never --labels=env=prod
	kubectl run nginx-prod2 --image=nginx --restart=Never --labels=env=prod

38. Verify all the pods are created with correct labels
	Solution:
	kubeclt get pods --show-labels
	
39. Get the pods with label env=dev
	Solution:
	kubectl get pods -l env=dev

40. Get the pods with label env=dev and also output the labels
	Solution:
	kubectl get pods -l env=dev --show-labels
	
41. Get the pods with label env=prod
	Solution:
	kubectl get pods -l env=prod
	
42. Get the pods with label env=prod and also output the labels
	Solution:
	kubectl get pods -l env=prod --show-labels
	
43. Get the pods with label env
	Solution:
	kubectl get pods -L env
	
44. Get the pods with labels env=dev and env=prod
	Solution:
	kubectl get pods -l 'env in (dev,prod)'
	
45. Get the pods with labels env=dev and env=prod and output the labels as well
	Solution:
	kubectl get pods -l 'env in (dev,prod)' --show-labels
	
46. Change the label for one of the pod to env=uat and list all the pods to verify
	Solution:
	kubectl label pod/nginx-dev3 env=uat --overwrite
	kubectl get pods --show-labels
	
47. Remove the labels for the pods that we created now and verify all the labels are removed
	Solution:
	kubectl label pod nginx-dev{1..3} env-
	kubectl label pod nginx-prod{1..2} env-
	kubectl get po --show-labels
	
48. Let’s add the label app=nginx for all the pods and verify
	Solution:
	kubectl label pod nginx-dev{1..3} app=nginx
	kubectl label pod nginx-prod{1..2} app=nginx
	kubectl get po --show-labels

49. Get all the nodes with labels (if using minikube you would get only master node)
	Solution:
	kubectl get nodes --show-labels
	
50. Label the node node1 nodeName=nginxnode
	Solution:
	kubectl label node node1 nodeName=nginxnode
	
51. Create a Pod that will be deployed on this node with the label nodeName=nginxnode
	Solution:
	kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --restart=Never --dry-run=client -o yaml > pod.yaml
	// add the nodeSelector like below and create the pod
	kubectl create -f pod.yaml

		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: nginx
		  name: nginx
		spec:
		  nodeSelector:
			nodeName: nginxnode
		  containers:
		  - image: nginx
			name: nginx
			resources: {}
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}

52. Verify the pod that it is scheduled with the node selector
	Solution:
	kubectl describe po nginx | grep Node-Selectors
	
53. Verify the pod nginx that we just created has this label
	Solution:
	kubectl describe po nginx | grep Labels

==============	
54. Annotate the pods with name=webapp
	Solution:
	kubectl annotate pod nginx-dev{1..3} name=webapp
	kubectl annotate pod nginx-prod{1..2} name=webapp
	
55. Verify the pods that have been annotated correctly
	Solution:
	kubectl describe po nginx-dev{1..3} | grep -i annotations
	kubectl describe po nginx-prod{1..2} | grep -i annotations

56. Remove the annotations on the pods and verify
	Solution:
	kubectl annotate pod nginx-dev{1..3} name-
	kubectl annotate pod nginx-prod{1..2} name-
	kubectl describe po nginx-dev{1..3} | grep -i annotations
	kubectl describe po nginx-prod{1..2} | grep -i annotations
==================
	
57. Remove all the pods that we created so far
	Solution:
	kubectl delete po --all
	
58. Create a deployment called webapp with image nginx with 5 replicas
	Solution:
	kubectl create deploy webapp --image=nginx --dry-run -o yaml > webapp.yaml
	// change the replicas to 5 in the yaml and create it
	kubectl create -f webapp.yaml
	
		apiVersion: apps/v1
		kind: Deployment
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			app: webapp
		  name: webapp
		spec:
		  replicas: 5
		  selector:
			matchLabels:
			  app: webapp
		  strategy: {}
		  template:
			metadata:
			  creationTimestamp: null
			  labels:
				app: webapp
			spec:
			  containers:
			  - image: nginx
				name: nginx
				resources: {}
		status: {}

59. Get the deployment you just created with labels
	Solution:
	kubectl get deploy webapp --show-labels
	
60. Output the yaml file of the deployment you just created
	Solution:
	kubectl get deploy webapp -o yaml
	
61. Get the pods of this deployment
	Solution:
	// get the label of the deployment
	kubectl get deploy --show-labels
	// get the pods with that label
	kubectl get pods -l app=webapp
	
62. Scale the deployment from 5 replicas to 8 replicas and verify
	Solution:
	kubectl scale deploy webapp --replicas=8
	kubectl get po -l app=webapp
	
63. Get the deployment rollout status
	Solution:
	kubectl rollout status deploy webapp
	
64. Get the replicaset that created with this deployment
	Solution:
	kubectl get rs -l app=webapp
	
65. Get the yaml of the replicaset and pods of this deployment
	Solution:
	kubectl get rs -l app=webapp -o yaml
	kubectl get po -l app=webapp -o yaml
	
66. Delete the deployment you just created and watch all the pods are also being deleted
	Solution:
	kubectl delete deploy webapp
	kubectl get po -l app=webapp -w
	
67. Create a deployment of webapp with image nginx:1.17.1 with container port 80 and verify the image version
	Solution:
	kubectl create deploy webapp --image=nginx:1.17.1 --dry-run -o yaml > webapp.yaml
	// add the port section and create the deployment
	kubectl create -f webapp.yaml
	// verify
	kubectl describe deploy webapp | grep Image

		apiVersion: apps/v1
		kind: Deployment
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			app: webapp
		  name: webapp
		spec:
		  replicas: 1
		  selector:
			matchLabels:
			  app: webapp
		  strategy: {}
		  template:
			metadata:
			  creationTimestamp: null
			  labels:
				app: webapp
			spec:
			  containers:
			  - image: nginx:1.17.1
				name: nginx
				ports:
				- containerPort: 80
				resources: {}
		status: {}
		
68. Update the deployment with the image version 1.17.4 and verify
	Solution:
	kubectl set image deploy/webapp nginx=nginx:1.17.4
	kubectl describe deploy webapp | grep Image
	
69. Check the rollout history and make sure everything is ok after the update
	Solution:
	kubectl rollout history deploy webapp
	kubectl get deploy webapp --show-labels
	kubectl get rs -l app=webapp
	kubectl get po -l app=webapp
	
70. Undo the deployment to the previous version 1.17.1 and verify Image has the previous version
	Solution:
	kubectl rollout undo deploy webapp
	kubectl describe deploy webapp | grep Image
	
71. Update the deployment with the image version 1.16.1 and verify the image and also check the rollout history
	Solution:
	kubectl set image deploy/webapp nginx=nginx:1.16.1
	kubectl describe deploy webapp | grep Image
	kubectl rollout history deploy webapp
	
72. Update the deployment to the Image 1.17.1 and verify everything is ok
	Solution:
	kubectl rollout undo deploy webapp --to-revision=3
	kubectl describe deploy webapp | grep Image
	kubectl rollout status deploy webapp
	
73. Update the deployment with the wrong image version 1.100 and verify something is wrong with the deployment
	Solution:
	kubectl set image deploy/webapp nginx=nginx:1.100
	kubectl rollout status deploy webapp (still pending state)
	kubectl get pods (ImagePullErr)
	
74. Undo the deployment with the previous version and verify everything is Ok
	Solution:
	kubectl rollout undo deploy webapp
	kubectl rollout status deploy webapp
	kubectl get pods
	
75. Check the history of the specific revision of that deployment
	Solution:
	kubectl rollout history deploy webapp --revision=7
	
76. Pause the rollout of the deployment
	Solution:
	kubectl rollout pause deploy webapp
	
77. Update the deployment with the image version latest and check the history and verify nothing is going on
	Solution:
	kubectl set image deploy/webapp nginx=nginx:latest
	kubectl rollout history deploy webapp (No new revision)
	
78. Resume the rollout of the deployment
	Solution:
	kubectl rollout resume deploy webapp
	
79. Check the rollout history and verify it has the new version
	Solution:
	kubectl rollout history deploy webapp
	kubectl rollout history deploy webapp --revision=9
	
80. Apply the autoscaling to this deployment with minimum 10 and maximum 20 replicas and target CPU of 85% and verify hpa is created and replicas are increased to 10 from 1
	Solution:
	kubectl autoscale deploy webapp --min=10 --max=20 --cpu-percent=85
	kubectl get hpa
	kubectl get pod -l app=webapp
	
81. Clean the cluster by deleting deployment and hpa you just created
	Solution:
	kubectl delete deploy webapp
	kubectl delete hpa webapp
	
82. Create a Job with an image node which prints node version and also verifies there is a pod created for this job
	Solution:
	kubectl create job nodeversion --image=node -- node -v
	kubectl get job -w
	kubectl get pod
	
83. Get the logs of the job just created
	Solution:
	kubectl logs <pod name> // created from the job
	
84.Output the yaml file for the Job with the image busybox which echos “Hello I am from job”
	Solution:
	kubectl create job hello-job --image=busybox --dry-run=client -o yaml -- echo "Hello I am from job"

85. Copy the above YAML file to hello-job.yaml file and create the job
	Solution:
	kubectl create job hello-job --image=busybox --dry-run=client -o yaml -- echo "Hello I am from job" > hello-job.yaml
	kubectl create -f hello-job.yaml
	
86. Verify the job and the associated pod is created and check the logs as well
	Solution:
	kubectl get job
	kubectl get po
	kubectl logs hello-job-*
	
87. Delete the job we just created
	Solution:
	kubectl delete job hello-job
	
88. Create the same job and make it run 10 times one after one
	Solution:
	kubectl create job hello-job --image=busybox --dry-run -o yaml -- echo "Hello I am from job" > hello-job.yaml
	// edit the yaml file to add completions: 10
	kubectl create -f hello-job.yaml

		apiVersion: batch/v1
		kind: Job
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  name: hello-job
		spec:
		  completions: 10
		  template:
			metadata:
			  creationTimestamp: null
			spec:
			  containers:
			  - command:
				- echo
				- Hello I am from job
				image: busybox
				name: hello-job
				resources: {}
			  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}

89. Watch the job that runs 10 times one by one and verify 10 pods are created and delete those after it’s completed
	Solution:
	kubectl get job -w
	kubectl get po
	kubectl delete job hello-job
	
90. Create the same job and make it run 10 times parallel
	Solution:
	kubectl create job hello-job --image=busybox --dry-run=client -o yaml -- echo "Hello I am from job" > hello-job.yaml
	// edit the yaml file to add parallelism: 10
	kubectl create -f hello-job.yaml
	
		apiVersion: batch/v1
		kind: Job
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  name: hello-job
		spec:
		  parallelism: 10
		  template:
			metadata:
			  creationTimestamp: null
			spec:
			  containers:
			  - command:
				- echo
				- Hello I am from job
				image: busybox
				name: hello-job
				resources: {}
			  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}

91. Watch the job that runs 10 times parallelly and verify 10 pods are created and delete those after it’s completed
	Solution:
	kubectl get job -w
	kubectl get po
	kubectl delete job hello-job
	
92. Create a Cronjob with busybox image that prints date and hello from kubernetes cluster message for every minute
	Solution:
	kubectl create cronjob date-job --image=busybox --schedule="*/1 * * * *" -- bin/sh -c "date; echo Hello from kubernetes cluster"
	
93. Output the YAML file of the above cronjob
	Solution:
	kubectl get cj date-job -o yaml
	
94. Verify that CronJob creating a separate job and pods for every minute to run and verify the logs of the pod
	Solution:
	kubectl get job
	kubectl get po
	kubectl logs date-job-<jobid>-<pod>
	
95. Delete the CronJob and verify all the associated jobs and pods are also deleted.
	Solution:
	kubectl delete cj date-job
	// verify pods and jobs
	kubectl get po
	kubectl get job
	
96. List Persistent Volumes in the cluster
	Solution:
	kubectl get pv

97. Create a hostPath PersistentVolume named task-pv-volume with storage 10Gi, access modes ReadWriteOnce, storageClassName manual, and volume at /mnt/data and verify
	Solution:
	kubectl create -f task-pv-volume.yaml
	kubectl get pv
	task-pv-volume.yaml
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: PersistentVolume
		metadata:
		  name: task-pv-volume
		  labels:
			type: local
		spec:
		  storageClassName: manual
		  capacity:
			storage: 10Gi
		  accessModes:
			- ReadWriteOnce
		  hostPath:
			path: "/mnt/data"

98. Create a PersistentVolumeClaim of at least 3Gi storage and access mode ReadWriteOnce and verify status is Bound
	Solution:
	kubectl create -f task-pv-claim.yaml
	kubectl get pvc
	task-pv-claim.yaml

	apiVersion: v1
	kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
	metadata:
	  name: task-pv-claim
	spec:
	  storageClassName: manual
	  accessModes:
		- ReadWriteOnce
	  resources:
		requests:
		  storage: 3Gi

99. Delete persistent volume and PersistentVolumeClaim we just created
	Solution:
	kubectl delete pvc task-pv-claim
	kubectl delete pv task-pv-volume
	
100. Create a Pod with an image Redis and configure a volume that lasts for the lifetime of the Pod
	Solution:
	// emptyDir is the volume that lasts for the life of the pod
	kubectl create -f redis-storage.yaml

		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  name: redis
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - name: redis
			image: redis
			volumeMounts:
			- name: redis-storage
			  mountPath: /data/redis
		  volumes:
		  - name: redis-storage
			emptyDir: {}

101. Exec into the above pod and create a file named file.txt with the text ‘This is called the file’ in the path /data/redis and open another tab and exec again with the same pod and verifies file exist in the same path.
	Solution:
	// first terminal
	kubectl exec -it redis-storage /bin/sh
	cd /data/redis
	echo 'This is called the file' > file.txt
	//open another tab
	kubectl exec -it redis-storage /bin/sh
	cat /data/redis/file.txt

102. Delete the above pod and create again from the same yaml file and verifies there is no file.txt in the path /data/redis
	Solution:
	kubectl delete pod redis
	kubectl create -f redis-storage.yaml
	kubectl exec -it redis-storage /bin/sh
	cat /data/redis/file.txt // file doesn't exist

103. Create PersistentVolume named task-pv-volume with storage 10Gi, access modes ReadWriteOnce, storageClassName manual, and volume at /mnt/data and Create a PersistentVolumeClaim of at least 3Gi storage and access mode ReadWriteOnce and verify status is Bound
	Solution:
	kubectl create -f task-pv-volume.yaml
	kubectl create -f task-pv-claim.yaml
	kubectl get pv
	kubectl get pvc

104. Create an nginx pod with containerPort 80 and with a PersistentVolumeClaim task-pv-claim and has a mouth path "/usr/share/nginx/html"
	Solution:
	kubectl create -f task-pv-pod.yaml
	task-pv-pod.yaml
	
	apiVersion: v1
	kind: Pod
	metadata:
	  name: task-pv-pod
	spec:
	  volumes:
		- name: task-pv-storage
		  persistentVolumeClaim:
			claimName: task-pv-claim
	  containers:
		- name: task-pv-container
		  image: nginx
		  ports:
			- containerPort: 80
			  name: "http-server"
		  volumeMounts:
			- mountPath: "/usr/share/nginx/html"
			  name: task-pv-storage
		  
105. List all the configmaps in the cluster
	Solution:
	kubectl get cm
		 or
	kubectl get configmap
	
106. Create a configmap called myconfigmap with literal value appname=myapp
	Solution:
	kubectl create cm myconfigmap --from-literal=appname=myapp

107. Verify the configmap we just created has this data
	Solution:
	// you will see under data
	kubectl get cm -o yaml
			 or
	kubectl describe cm
	
108. delete the configmap myconfigmap we just created
	Solution:
	kubectl delete cm myconfigmap
	
109. Create a file called config.txt with two values key1=value1 and key2=value2 and verify the file
	Solution:
	cat >> config.txt << EOF
	key1=value1
	key2=value2
	EOF
	cat config.txt
	
110. Create a configmap named keyvalcfgmap and read data from the file config.txt and verify that configmap is created correctly
	Solution:
	kubectl create cm keyvalcfgmap --from-file=config.txt
	kubectl get cm keyvalcfgmap -o yaml
	
111. Create an nginx pod and load environment values from the above configmap keyvalcfgmap and exec into the pod and verify the environment variables store it on /opt/keyvalcfgmap-vars.txt. and delete the pod

	Solution:

	// first run this command to save the pod yml
	kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --restart=Never --dry-run=client -o yaml > nginx-pod.yml
	// edit the yml to below file and create
	kubectl create -f nginx-pod.yml
	// verify
	kubectl exec nginx -- env > /opt/keyvalcfgmap-vars.txt
	kubectl delete po nginx

	nginx-pod.yml
	
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: nginx
		  name: nginx
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - image: nginx
			name: nginx
			resources: {}
			envFrom:
			- configMapRef:
				name: keyvalcfgmap
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}
		
112. Create an env file file.env with var1=val1 and create a configmap envcfgmap from this env file and verify the configmap
	Solution:
	echo var1=val1 > file.env
	cat file.env
	kubectl create cm envcfgmap --from-env-file=file.env
	kubectl get cm envcfgmap -o yaml --export

113. Create an nginx pod and load environment values from the above configmap envcfgmap and exec into the pod and verify the environment variables and delete the pod
	Solution:
	// first run this command to save the pod yml
	kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --restart=Never --dry-run -o yaml > nginx-pod.yml
	// edit the yml to below file and create
	kubectl create -f nginx-pod.yml
	// verify
	kubectl exec -it nginx -- env
	kubectl delete po nginx

	nginx-pod.yaml
	
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: nginx
		  name: nginx
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - image: nginx
			name: nginx
			resources: {}
			env:
			- name: ENVIRONMENT
			  valueFrom:
				configMapKeyRef:
				  name: envcfgmap
				  key: var1
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}

114. Create a configmap called cfgvolume with values var1=val1, var2=val2 and create an nginx pod with volume nginx-volume which reads data from this configmap cfgvolume and put it on the path /etc/cfg
	Solution:
	// first create a configmap cfgvolume
	kubectl create cm cfgvolume --from-literal=var1=val1 --from-literal=var2=val2
	// verify the configmap
	kubectl describe cm cfgvolume
	// create the config map 
	kubectl create -f nginx-volume.yml
	// exec into the pod
	kubectl exec -it nginx -- /bin/sh
	// check the path
	cd /etc/cfg
	ls

	nginx-volume.yml
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: nginx
		  name: nginx
		spec:
		  volumes:
		  - name: nginx-volume
			configMap:
			  name: cfgvolume
		  containers:
		  - image: nginx
			name: nginx
			resources: {}
			volumeMounts:
			- name: nginx-volume
			  mountPath: /etc/cfg
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}
		
115. Create a pod called secbusybox with the image busybox which executes command sleep 3600 and makes sure any Containers in the Pod, all processes run with user ID 1000 and with group id 2000 and verify.
	Solution:
	// create yml file with dry-run
	kubectl run secbusybox --image=busybox --restart=Never --dry-run -o yaml -- /bin/sh -c "sleep 3600;" > busybox.yml
	// edit the pod like below and create
	kubectl create -f busybox.yml
	// verify
	kubectl exec -it secbusybox -- sh
	id // it will show the id and group

	busybox.yml
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: secbusybox
		  name: secbusybox
		spec:
		  securityContext: # add security context
			runAsUser: 1000
			runAsGroup: 2000
		  containers:
		  - args:
			- /bin/sh
			- -c
			- sleep 3600;
			image: busybox
			name: secbusybox
			resources: {}
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}
		
116. Create the same pod as above this time set the securityContext for the container as well and verify that the securityContext of container overrides the Pod level securityContext.
	Solution:
	// create yml file with dry-run
	kubectl run secbusybox --image=busybox --restart=Never --dry-run -o yaml -- /bin/sh -c "sleep 3600;" > busybox.yml
	// edit the pod like below and create
	kubectl create -f busybox.yml
	// verify
	kubectl exec -it secbusybox -- sh
	id // you can see container securityContext overides the Pod level

	busybox.yml
	
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: secbusybox
		  name: secbusybox
		spec:
		  securityContext:
			runAsUser: 1000
		  containers:
		  - args:
			- /bin/sh
			- -c
			- sleep 3600;
			image: busybox
			securityContext:
			  runAsUser: 2000
			name: secbusybox
			resources: {}
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}

117. Create pod with an nginx image and configure the pod with capabilities NET_ADMIN and SYS_TIME verify the capabilities
	Solution:
	// create the yaml file
	kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --restart=Never --dry-run -o yaml > nginx.yml
	// edit as below and create pod
	kubectl create -f nginx.yml
	// exec and verify
	kubectl exec -it nginx -- sh
	cd /proc/1
	cat status
	// you should see these values
	CapPrm: 00000000aa0435fb
	CapEff: 00000000aa0435fb

	nginx.yml
	
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: nginx
		  name: nginx
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - image: nginx
			securityContext:
			  capabilities:
				add: ["SYS_TIME", "NET_ADMIN"]
			name: nginx
			resources: {}
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}

118. Create a Pod nginx and specify a memory request and a memory limit of 100Mi and 200Mi respectively.
	Solution:
	// create a yml file
	kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --restart=Never --dry-run -o yaml > nginx.yml
	// add the resources section and create
	kubectl create -f nginx.yml
	// verify
	kubectl top pod

	nginx.yml
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: nginx
		  name: nginx
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - image: nginx
			name: nginx
			resources: 
			  requests:
				memory: "100Mi"
			  limits:
				memory: "200Mi"
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}

119. Create a Pod nginx and specify a CPU request and a CPU limit of 0.5 and 1 respectively.
	Solution:
	// create a yml file
	kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --restart=Never --dry-run -o yaml > nginx.yml
	// add the resources section and create
	kubectl create -f nginx.yml
	// verify
	kubectl top pod

	nginx.yml
	
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: nginx
		  name: nginx
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - image: nginx
			name: nginx
			resources:
			  requests:
				cpu: "0.5"
			  limits:
				cpu: "1"
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}

120. Create a Pod nginx and specify both CPU, memory requests and limits together and verify.
	Solution:
	// create a yml file
	kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --restart=Never --dry-run -o yaml > nginx.yml
	// add the resources section and create
	kubectl create -f nginx.yml
	// verify
	kubectl top pod

	nginx.yml
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: nginx
		  name: nginx
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - image: nginx
			name: nginx
			resources:
			  requests:
				memory: "100Mi"
				cpu: "0.5"
			  limits:
				memory: "200Mi"
				cpu: "1"
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}

121. Create a Pod nginx and specify a memory request and a memory limit of 100Gi and 200Gi respectively which is too big for the nodes and verify pod fails to start because of insufficient memory
	Solution:
	// create a yml file
	kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --restart=Never --dry-run -o yaml > nginx.yml
	// add the resources section and create
	kubectl create -f nginx.yml
	// verify
	kubectl describe po nginx // you can see pending state

	nginx.yml
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: nginx
		  name: nginx
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - image: nginx
			name: nginx
			resources:
			  requests:
				memory: "100Gi"
				cpu: "0.5"
			  limits:
				memory: "200Gi"
				cpu: "1"
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}

122. Create a secret mysecret with values user=myuser and password=mypassword
	Solution:
	kubectl create secret generic my-secret --from-literal=username=user --from-literal=password=mypassword

123. List the secrets in all namespaces
	Solution:
	kubectl get secret --all-namespaces
	
124. Output the yaml of the secret created above
	Solution:
	kubectl get secret my-secret -o yaml

125. Create an nginx pod which reads username as the environment variable
	Solution:
	// create a yml file
	kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --restart=Never --dry-run -o yaml > nginx.yml
	// add env section below and create
	kubectl create -f nginx.yml
	//verify
	kubectl exec -it nginx -- env

	nginx.yml
	
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: nginx
		  name: nginx
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - image: nginx
			name: nginx
			env:
			- name: USER_NAME
			  valueFrom:
				secretKeyRef:
				  name: my-secret
				  key: username
			resources: {}
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}

126. Create an nginx pod which loads the secret as environment variables
	Solution:
	// create a yml file
	kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --restart=Never --dry-run -o yaml > nginx.yml
	// add env section below and create
	kubectl create -f nginx.yml
	//verify
	kubectl exec -it nginx -- env

	nginx.yml
	
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: nginx
		  name: nginx
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - image: nginx
			name: nginx
			envFrom:
			- secretRef:
				name: my-secret
			resources: {}
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}
	
127. List all the service accounts in the default namespace
	Solution:
	kubectl get sa

128. List all the service accounts in all namespaces
	Solution:
	kubectl get sa --all-namespaces

129. Create a service account called admin
	Solution:
	kubectl create sa admin

130. Output the YAML file for the service account we just created
	Solution:
	kubectl get sa admin -o yaml

131. Create a busybox pod which executes this command sleep 3600 with the service account admin and verify
	Solution:
	kubectl run busybox --image=busybox --restart=Never --dry-run -o yaml -- /bin/sh -c "sleep 3600" > busybox.yml
	kubectl create -f busybox.yml
	// verify
	kubectl describe po busybox

	busybox.yml
	
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: busybox
		  name: busybox
		spec:
		  serviceAccountName: admin
		  containers:
		  - args:
			- /bin/sh
			- -c
			- sleep 3600
			image: busybox
			name: busybox
			resources: {}
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}
		
132. Create an nginx pod with containerPort 80 and it should only receive traffic only it checks the endpoint / on port 80 and verify and delete the pod.
	Solution:
	kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --restart=Never --port=80 --dry-run -o yaml > nginx-pod.yaml
	// add the readinessProbe section and create
	kubectl create -f nginx-pod.yaml
	// verify
	kubectl describe pod nginx | grep -i readiness
	kubectl delete po nginx

	nginx-pod.yaml
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: nginx
		  name: nginx
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - image: nginx
			name: nginx
			ports:
			- containerPort: 80
			readinessProbe:
			  httpGet:
				path: /
				port: 80
			resources: {}
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}
		
133. Create an nginx pod with containerPort 80 and it should check the pod running at endpoint / healthz on port 80 and verify and delete the pod.
	Solution:
	kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --restart=Never --port=80 --dry-run -o yaml > nginx-pod.yaml
	// add the livenessProbe section and create
	kubectl create -f nginx-pod.yaml
	// verify
	kubectl describe pod nginx | grep -i readiness
	kubectl delete po nginx

	nginx-pod.yaml
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: nginx
		  name: nginx
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - image: nginx
			name: nginx
			ports:
			- containerPort: 80
			livenessProbe:
			  httpGet:
				path: /healthz
				port: 80
			resources: {}
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}

134. Create an nginx pod with containerPort 80 and it should check the pod running at endpoint /healthz on port 80 and it should only receive traffic only it checks the endpoint / on port 80. verify the pod.
	Solution:
	kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --restart=Never --port=80 --dry-run -o yaml > nginx-pod.yaml
	// add the livenessProbe and readiness section and create
	kubectl create -f nginx-pod.yaml
	// verify
	kubectl describe pod nginx | grep -i readiness
	kubectl describe pod nginx | grep -i liveness

	nginx-pod.yaml
	
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: nginx
		  name: nginx
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - image: nginx
			name: nginx
			ports:
			- containerPort: 80
			livenessProbe:
			  httpGet:
				path: /healthz
				port: 80
			readinessProbe:
			  httpGet:
				path: /
				port: 80
			resources: {}
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}
		
135. Check what all are the options that we can configure with readiness and liveness probes
	Solution:
	kubectl explain Pod.spec.containers.livenessProbe
	kubectl explain Pod.spec.containers.readinessProbe

136. Create the pod nginx with the above liveness and readiness probes so that it should wait for 20 seconds before it checks liveness and readiness probes and it should check every 25 seconds.
	Solution:
	kubectl create -f nginx-pod.yaml

	nginx-pod.yaml
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: nginx
		  name: nginx
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - image: nginx
			name: nginx
			ports:
			- containerPort: 80
			livenessProbe:
			  initialDelaySeconds: 20
			  periodSeconds: 25
			  httpGet:
				path: /healthz
				port: 80
			readinessProbe:
			  initialDelaySeconds: 20
			  periodSeconds: 25
			  httpGet:
				path: /
				port: 80
			resources: {}
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}

137. Create a busybox pod with this command “echo I am from busybox pod; sleep 3600;” and verify the logs.
	Solution:
	kubectl run busybox --image=busybox --restart=Never -- /bin/sh -c "echo I am from busybox pod; sleep 3600;"
	kubectl logs busybox

138. copy the logs of the above pod to the busybox-logs.txt and verify
	Solution:
	kubectl logs busybox > busybox-logs.txt
	cat busybox-logs.txt
	
139. List all the events sorted by timestamp and put them into file.log and verify
	Solution:
	kubectl get events --sort-by=.metadata.creationTimestamp
	// putting them into file.log
	kubectl get events --sort-by=.metadata.creationTimestamp > file.log
	cat file.log
	
140. Create a pod with an image alpine which executes this command ”while true; do echo ‘Hi I am from alpine’; sleep 5; done” and verify and follow the logs of the pod.
	Solution:
	// create the pod
	kubectl run hello --image=alpine --restart=Never  -- /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo 'Hi I am from Alpine'; sleep 5;done"
	// verify and follow the logs
	kubectl logs --follow hello
	
141. Create the pod with this kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lerndevops/educka/master/exam-prep/not-running.yml The pod is not in the running state. Debug it.
	Solution:

	// create the pod
	kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lerndevops/educka/master/exam-prep/not-running.yml
	// get the pod
	kubectl get pod not-running
	kubectl describe po not-running
	// it clearly says ImagePullBackOff something wrong with image
	kubectl edit pod not-running // it will open vim editor
						 or
	kubectl set image pod/not-running not-running=redis
	
142. This following yaml creates 4 namespaces and 4 pods. One of the pod in one of the namespaces are not in the running state. Debug and fix it. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lerndevops/educka/master/exam-prep/problem-pod.yml

	Solution:
	kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lerndevops/educka/master/exam-prep/problem-pod.yml
	// get all the pods in all namespaces
	kubectl get po --all-namespaces
	// find out which pod is not running
	kubectl get po -n namespace2
	// update the image
	kubectl set image pod/pod2 pod2=nginx -n namespace2
	// verify again
	kubectl get po -n namespace2
	
143. Get the memory and CPU usage of all the pods and find out top 3 pods which have the highest usage and put them into the cpu-usage.txt file
	Solution:
	// get the top 3 hungry pods
	kubectl top pod --all-namespaces | sort --reverse --key 3 --numeric | head -3
	// putting into file
	kubectl top pod --all-namespaces | sort --reverse --key 3 --numeric | head -3 > cpu-usage.txt
	// verify
	cat cpu-usage.txt
	
	
144. Create an nginx pod with a yaml file with label my-nginx and expose the port 80
	Solution:
	kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --restart=Never --port=80 --dry-run -o yaml > nginx.yaml
	// edit the label app: my-nginx and create the pod
	kubectl create -f nginx.yaml

	nginx.yaml
	
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			app: my-nginx
		  name: nginx
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - image: nginx
			name: nginx
			ports:
			- containerPort: 80
			resources: {}
		  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
		  restartPolicy: Never
		status: {}
		
145. Create the service for this nginx pod with the pod selector app: my-nginx
	Solution:
	// create the below service
	kubectl create -f nginx-svc.yaml

	nginx-svc.yaml
	apiVersion: v1
	kind: Service
	metadata:
	  name: my-service
	spec:
	  selector:
		app: my-nginx
	  ports:
		- protocol: TCP
		  port: 80
		  targetPort: 9376
	  
146. Find out the label of the pod and verify the service has the same label
	Solution:
	// get the pod with labels
	kubectl get po nginx --show-labels
	// get the service and chekc the selector column
	kubectl get svc my-service -o wide
	
147. Delete the service and create the service with kubectl expose command and verify the label
	Solution:
	// delete the service
	kubectl delete svc my-service
	// create the service again
	kubectl expose po nginx --port=80 --target-port=9376
	// verify the label
	kubectl get svc -l app=my-nginx
	
148. Delete the service and create the service again with type NodePort
	Solution:
	// delete the service
	kubectl delete svc nginx
	// create service with expose command
	kubectl expose po nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
	
149. Create the temporary busybox pod and hit the service. Verify the service that it should return the nginx page index.html.
	Solution:
	// get the clusterIP from this command
	kubectl get svc nginx -o wide
	// create temporary busybox to check the nodeport
	kubectl run busybox --image=busybox --restart=Never -it --rm -- wget -o- <Cluster IP>:80

150. Create a NetworkPolicy which denies all ingress traffic
	
	Solution:
	apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
	kind: NetworkPolicy
	metadata:
	  name: default-deny
	spec:
	  podSelector: {}
	  policyTypes:
	  - Ingress

151. Create a yaml file called db-secret.yaml for a secret called db-user-pass. The secret should have two fields: a username and password. The username should be "superadmin" and the password should be "imamazing".

	Solution:

	echo -n 'superadmin' > ./username.txt
	echo -n 'imamazing' > ./password.txt
					 
	kc secret generic db-user-pass --from-file=./username.txt --from-file=./password.txt -o yaml > db-secret.yaml

	apiVersion: v1
	data:
	  password.txt: aWhlYXJ0a2l0dGVucw==
	  username.txt: YWRtaW4=
	kind: Secret
	metadata:
	  creationTimestamp: 2019-03-03T00:21:16Z
	  name: db-user-pass
	  namespace: default
	  resourceVersion: "30182"
	  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/secrets/db-user-pass
	  uid: 42b979da-3d4a-11e9-8f41-06f514f6b3f0
	type: Opaque

152. Create a ConfigMap called web-config that contains the following two entries: 'web_port' set to 'localhost:8080' 'external_url' set to 'reddit.com' Run a pod called web-config-pod running nginx, expose the configmap settings as environment variables inside the nginx container.

	Solution:
	
	### this has to be done in several steps, first create configmap from literals on command line

	sudo kubectl create configmap test-cm --from-literal=web_port='localhost:8080' --from-literal=external_url='reddit.com'

	### double check the configmap

	sudo kubectl describe cm test-cm

	### create the pod deployment yaml and then edit the file

	sudo kubectl run web-config-pod --image=nginx --dry-run=client -o yaml > web-config-pod.yaml

	## edit the file: vi web-config-pod.yaml

	   spec:
		  containers:
		  - image: nginx
			env:
			 - name: WEB_PORT
			   valueFrom:
				 configMapKeyRef:
				   name: test-cm
				   key: web_port
			 - name: EXTERNAL_URL
			   valueFrom:
				 configMapKeyRef:
				   name: test-cm
				   key: external_url

	sudo kubectl create -f web-config-pod.yaml

	## get env vars from nginx pod:

	kubectl exec nginx-deploy-868c8d4b79-czc2j env

153. list all the pods with Running status in the default namespace & write the output to /opt/default-pod-status.txt
	Solution:
	kubectl get pods --sort-by=.status.phase -n default

154. list all the persistant volumes, sort by storage reqeust size & write the output to /opt/pv-size.txt
	Solution:
	kubectl get pvc --sort-by=.spec.resources.requests.storage

155. list all namespaces & sort by name
	Solution:
	kubectl get namespaces --sort-by=.metadata.name

156. Create a job that calculates pi to 2000 decimal points using the container with the image named perl and the following commands issued to the container:  ["perl",  "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]Once the job has completed, check the logs to and export the result to pi-result.txt.

	Solution:

	kubectl create job pi2000 --image=perl -o yaml --dry-run=client > pi2000.yaml

	### edit the file, edit the name, remove any ID references and include the command argument under container spec.

			command: ["perl",  "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]


	aapiVersion: batch/v1
	kind: Job
	metadata:
	  creationTimestamp: null
	  name: pi2000
	spec:
	  template:
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - image: perl
			name: pi2000
			command: ["perl",  "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
			resources: {}
		  restartPolicy: Never
	status: {}
	
	kubectl create -f pi2000.yaml
	
	### get the output from the logs and export them to text file

	kubectl logs pi2000-x247y > pi-result.txt
	
157. Create a yaml file called nginx-deploy.yaml for a deployment of three replicas of nginx, listening on the container's port 80. They should have the labels role=webserver and app=nginx. The deployment should be named nginx-deploy. Expose the deployment with a NodePort and use a curl statement on the IP address of the NodeIP 
to export the output to a file titled output.txt.

Solution:

	sudo kubectl create deployment nginx-deploy  --image=nginx --dry-run=client -o yaml > nginx-deployment.yaml

	edit the file nginx-deployment add the labels as below and modify the replicas to 3

		apiVersion: apps/v1
		kind: Deployment
		metadata:
		  labels:
			role: webserver    ## add
			app: nginx         ## add
		  name: nginx-deploy
		spec:
		  replicas: 3    ## update to 3
		  selector:
			matchLabels:
			  role: webserver  ## add
			  app: nginx       ## add
		  template:
			metadata:
			  labels:
				role: webserver  ## add
				app: nginx       ## add
			spec:
			  containers:
			  - image: nginx
				name: nginx
				ports:           ## add
				  - containerPort: 80  ## add

	### expose the deployment with a NodePort type, call it nginx-service

	kubectl expose deployment nginx-deploy --port 80 --type=NodePort --name=nginx-service

	### use a curl statement that connects to the IP endpoint of the nginx-service and save the output to a file called output.txt

	curl NodeIP:NodePort > output.txt


158. Scale the deployment you just made down to 2 replicas

	Solution:
	sudo kubectl scale deployment nginx-deploy --replicas=2

159. Create a Deployment called "haz-docs" with an nginx image listening on port 80. Attach the pod to emptyDir storage, mounted to /tmp in the container. Connect to the pod and create a file with zero bytes in the /tmp directory called my-doc.txt. 
 
Solution:

		apiVersion: apps/v1
		kind: Deployment
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			run: haz-docs
		  name: haz-docs
		spec:
		  replicas: 1
		  selector:
			matchLabels:
			  run: haz-docs
		  strategy: {}
		  template:
			metadata:
			  creationTimestamp: null
			  labels:
				run: haz-docs
			spec:
			  containers:
			  - image: nginx
				name: haz-docs
				volumeMounts:
				- mountPath: /tmp
				  name: tmpvolume
				ports:
				- containerPort: 80
				resources: {}
			  volumes:
			  - name: tmpvolume
				emptyDir: {}
		status: {}


	sudo kubectl exec -it haz-docs-5b49cb4d87-2lm5g /bin/bash

	root@haz-docs-5b49cb4d87-2lm5g:/# cd /tmp/
	root@haz-docs-5b49cb4d87-2lm5g:/tmp# touch my-doc.txt
	root@haz-docs-5b49cb4d87-2lm5g:/tmp# ls 
	my-doc.txt

160. Label the worker node of your cluster with rack=qa.

Solution:
sudo kubectl label node texasdave2c.mylabserver.com rack=qa

161. Create a file called counter.yaml in your home directory and paste the following yaml into it:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: counter
spec:
  containers:
  - name: count
    image: busybox
    args: [/bin/sh, -c, 'i=0; while true; do echo "$i: $(date)"; i=$((i+1)); sleep 1; done']

Start this pod. 
Once its logs exceed a count of 20 (no need to be precise — any time after it has reached 20 is fine), 
save the logs into a file in your home directory called count.result.txt. 

	Solution: 
	vi counter.yaml
	
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  name: counter
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - name: count
			image: busybox
			args: [/bin/sh, -c, 'i=0; while true; do echo "$i: $(date)"; i=$((i+1)); sleep 1; done']
	
	kubectl create -f counter.yaml
	kubectl logs counter > count.result.txt

162. Create a new namespace called "cloud9". Create a pod running nginx with a liveliness probe that uses httpGet to probe an endpoint path located at / on port 80. The initial delay is 3 seconds and the period is 3.

	Solution:
	
	kubectl create namespace cloud9
	
	kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --port=80 --dry-run=client -o yaml > nginx-liveness.yml
	vi nginx-liveness.yml
	
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  name: nginx
		  labels:
			run: nginx
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - name: nginx
			image: nginx
			ports:
			- containerPort: 80
			livenessProbe:      # add
		      httpGet:          # add
		        path: /         # add
		        port: 80        # add
			  initialDelaySeconds: 3    # add
			  periodSeconds: 3          # add
	
	kubectl create -f nginx-liveness.yml

163. Configure a DaemonSet to run the image k8s.gcr.io/pause:2.0 in the cluster.
 
	Solution:

	kubectl create deployment testds --image=k8s.gcr.io/pause:2.0 --dry-run=client -o yaml > testds.yaml

	then edited it as Daemonset to get it running, you don't do replicas in a daemonset, it runs on all nodes

	remove the replicas field from Yaml, ensure the Yaml looks like below. 

			apiVersion: apps/v1
			kind: DaemonSet   ## update Deployment to DaemonSet
			metadata:
			  labels:
				app: testds
			  name: testds
			spec:
			  selector:
				matchLabels:
				  app: testds
			  template:
				metadata:
				  creationTimestamp: null
				  labels:
					app: testds
				spec:
				  containers:
				  - image: k8s.gcr.io/pause:2.0
					name: pause
		
		kubectl create -f testds.yaml
		kubectl get ds  ## ensure the pods are running 

164. An app inside a container needs the IP address of the web-dep endpoint to be passed to it as an 
environment variable called "ULTIMA". create a deployment with 1 replica using image nginx & assing the environment variable with values. Save the yaml as env-ultima.yaml

	Solution:

		### get the IP address of the web-dep service
		kubectl create service clusterip web-dep --tcp=80:80
		kubectl get svc web-dep   ## note the clusterIP

        kubectl create deployment ultima-dep --dry-run=client -o yaml > env-ultima.yaml
		
		apiVersion: apps/v1
		kind: Deployment
		metadata:
		  name: ultima-dep
		spec:
		  selector:
			matchLabels:
			  app: ultima-app
		  template:
			metadata:
			  labels:
				app: ultima-app
			spec:
			  containers:
			  - name: ultima-app
				image: nginx
				env:
				- name: ULTIMA
				  value: 55.55.58.23  ## value from the clusterIP

		kubectl create -f env-ultima.yaml
		kubectl get deployment 
		kubectl get pods | grep ultima-dep
		kubetl exec ultima-dep-x247y -- env   ## validate 

165. Figure out a way to create a deployment with 3 replicas using the the nginx container that can have pods deployed on the master node.

	Solution:

		sudo kubectl get nodes
		sudo kubectl describe node MASTERNODE

		### notice the taint on the master node:

		Taints:             node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule

		### add the toleration to the yaml file

		apiVersion: apps/v1
		kind: Deployment
		metadata:
		  name: nginx
		spec:
		  replicas: 3
		  selector:
			matchLabels:
			  app: nginx
		  template:
			metadata:
			  labels:
				app: nginx
			spec:
			  containers:
			  - name: nginx
				image: nginx
			  tolerations:
			  - key: "node-role.kubernetes.io/master"
				operator: "Equal"
				effect: "NoSchedule"

166. Copy all Kubernetes scheduler logs into a /opt/schedular-log.txt

	Solution:
	kubectl get pods --namespace=kube-system
	kubectl --namespace=kube-system logs kube-scheduler-master > schedular-log.txt
	
165. Run the pod below until the counter in exceeds 30, export the log file into a file called counter-log.txt.
	apiVersion: v1
	kind: Pod
	metadata:
	  name: counter1
	spec:
	  containers:
	  - name: count
		image: busybox
		args: [/bin/sh, -c, 'i=0; while true; do echo "$i: $(date)"; echo "$(date) - File - $i" >> /var/www/countlog; i=$((i+1)); sleep 3; done']
 
Solution
	vi counter1.yml
		apiVersion: v1
		kind: Pod
		metadata:
		  name: counter1
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - name: count
			image: busybox
			args: [/bin/sh, -c, 'i=0; while true; do echo "$i: $(date)"; echo "$(date) - File - $i" >> /var/www/countlog; i=$((i+1)); sleep 3; done']

	kubectl create -f counter1.yml
	kubectl exec counter1 -- cat /var/www/countlog > counter-log.txt

166. Create a deployment running nginx, mount a volume called "hostvolume" with a container volume mount at /tmp and mounted to the host at /data.  If the directory isn't there make sure it is created in the pod spec at run time. Go into the container and create an empty file called "my-doc.txt" inside the /tmp directory.  On the worker node that it was scheduled to, go into the /data directory and output a list of the contents to list-output.txt showing the file exists.

	Solution:
	
	apiVersion: apps/v1
	kind: Deployment
	metadata:
	  creationTimestamp: null
	  labels:
		run: haz-docs2
	  name: haz-docs2
	spec:
	  replicas: 1
	  selector:
		matchLabels:
		  run: haz-docs2
	  template:
		metadata:
		  labels:
			run: haz-docs2
		spec:
		  containers:
		  - image: nginx
			name: haz-docs2
			volumeMounts:
			- mountPath: /tmp
			  name: hostvolume
			ports:
			- containerPort: 80
		  volumes:
		  - name: hostvolume
			hostPath: 
			  path: /data
			  type: DirectoryOrCreate

167. Create a namespace called "myns" in your cluster. Create a deployment called "db-deploy" that has one container running mysql image, and one container running nginx:1.7.9 in namespace "myns". 
create another deployment called nginx-deploy with a single container running the image nginx:1.9.1 in namespace myns. Export the output of kubectl get pods for the myns namespace into a file called "pod-list.txt"

	solution: 
	kubectl create namespace myns
	
	kubectl -n myns create deployment db-deploy --image=mysql --dry-run=client -o yaml > db-deploy.yaml
    vi db-deploy   ## add the second container definition inside pod spec.
	
		apiVersion: apps/v1
		kind: Deployment
		metadata:
		  creationTimestamp: null
		  labels:
			app: db-deploy
		  name: db-deploy
		  namespace: myns
		spec:
		  replicas: 1
		  selector:
			matchLabels:
			  app: db-deploy
		  strategy: {}
		  template:
			metadata:
			  creationTimestamp: null
			  labels:
				app: db-deploy
			spec:
			  containers:
			  - image: mysql
				name: mysql
			  - image: nginx:1.7.9  ## add
				name: nginx         ## add
				resources: {}
		status: {}
	kubectl create -f de-deploy.yml
	
	kubectl -n myns create deployment nginx-deploy --image=nginx:1.9.1
	
	kubectl -n myns get pods > pod-list.txt
	
168. disable the scheduling to node1 in your cluster & write the output to /opt/node-SchedulingDisabled.

	Solution:
	
	kubectl cordon node1
	
	kubectl get nodes > /opt/node-SchedulingDisabled.txt
	
169. now enable the scheduling again to node1 in your cluster & write the output to /opt/node-SchedulingEnabled.txt

	Solution:
	
	kubectl uncordon node1
	kubectl get nodes > /opt/node-SchedulingEnabled.txt

170. create a pod named redis using image radis:alpha

171. create a pod using image tomcat & assign label app with value web 

172. create a pod named kual203 using image lerndevops/alpine:beta, find the errors in the logs, write the error messages to a file /opt/kual203.txt

173. Deploy a messaging pod using the redis:alpine image with the labels set to tier=msg & app=web

174. list all the pods with label app=web & write the output to a file /opt/webpods.txt

175. deploy pod using https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lerndevops/educka/master/exam-prep/app-redis.yml 
   if there are any errors try to fix them and ensure the pod status is running. DO NOT delete the pod. 
   
176. Create a POD in the finance namespace named red-bus with the image redis:alpine

177. deploy a pod with forex name using lerndevops/tomcat:8.5.3 in finance namespace with label env=qa

178. list all pods with running status in finance namespace and write the output to /opt/kufinpods.txt

179. deploy a pod named envpod using image nginx & apply env variables username=dbuser password=dbpass

180. deploy a pod named dbpod using image lerndevops/alpine:sleep with label app=testapp, env variable uname=appuser & set the restart policy to never

181. genereate pod definition file with pod named apppod with application contianers using nginx,tomcat,redis then save the definition file to /opt/apppod.yml. then deploy the pod & ensure it is running state.
	
	
	
kube-scenarios-ans.txt
Displaying kube-scenarios-ans.txt.