memory_profiler.py

"""Profile the memory usage of a Python program"""

# .. we'll use this to pass it to the child script ..
_clean_globals = globals().copy()

__version__ = '0.32'

_CMD_USAGE = "python -m memory_profiler script_file.py"

import time
import sys
import os
import pdb
import warnings
import linecache
import inspect
import subprocess
from copy import copy
import logging

# TODO: provide alternative when multprocessing is not available
try:
    from multiprocessing import Process, Pipe
except ImportError:
    from multiprocessing.dummy import Process, Pipe

_TWO_20 = float(2 ** 20)

has_psutil = False

# .. get available packages ..
try:
    import psutil
    has_psutil = True
except ImportError:
    pass


def _get_memory(pid, timestamps=False, include_children=False):

    # .. only for current process and only on unix..
    if pid == -1:
        pid = os.getpid()

    # .. cross-platform but but requires psutil ..
    if has_psutil:
        process = psutil.Process(pid)
        try:
            # avoid useing get_memory_info since it does not exists 
            # in psutil > 2.0 and accessing it will cause exception.
            meminfo_attr = 'memory_info' if hasattr(process, 'memory_info') else 'get_memory_info'
            mem = getattr(process, meminfo_attr)()[0] / _TWO_20
            if include_children:
                for p in process.get_children(recursive=True):
                    mem += getattr(process, meminfo_attr)()[0] / _TWO_20
            if timestamps:
                return (mem, time.time())
            else:
                return mem
        except psutil.AccessDenied:
            pass
            # continue and try to get this from ps

    # .. scary stuff ..
    if os.name == 'posix':
        if include_children:
            raise NotImplementedError('The psutil module is required when to'
                                      ' monitor memory usage of children'
                                      ' processes')
        warnings.warn("psutil module not found. memory_profiler will be slow")
        # ..
        # .. memory usage in MiB ..
        # .. this should work on both Mac and Linux ..
        # .. subprocess.check_output appeared in 2.7, using Popen ..
        # .. for backwards compatibility ..
        out = subprocess.Popen(['ps', 'v', '-p', str(pid)],
                               stdout=subprocess.PIPE
                               ).communicate()[0].split(b'\n')
        try:
            vsz_index = out[0].split().index(b'RSS')
            mem = float(out[1].split()[vsz_index]) / 1024
            if timestamps:
                return(mem, time.time())
            else:
                return mem
        except:
            if timestamps:
                return (-1, time.time())
            else:
                    return -1
    else:
        raise NotImplementedError('The psutil module is required for non-unix '
                                  'platforms')


class MemTimer(Process):
    """
    Fetch memory consumption from over a time interval
    """
    def __init__(self, monitor_pid, interval, pipe, max_usage=False,
                 *args, **kw):
        self.monitor_pid = monitor_pid
        self.interval = interval
        self.pipe = pipe
        self.cont = True
        self.max_usage = max_usage
        self.n_measurements = 1

        if "timestamps" in kw:
            self.timestamps = kw["timestamps"]
            del kw["timestamps"]
        else:
            self.timestamps = False
        if "include_children" in kw:
            self.include_children = kw["include_children"]
            del kw["include_children"]
        else:
            self.include_children = False
        # get baseline memory usage
        self.mem_usage = [
            _get_memory(self.monitor_pid, timestamps=self.timestamps,
                        include_children=self.include_children)]
        super(MemTimer, self).__init__(*args, **kw)


    def run(self):
        self.pipe.send(0)  # we're ready
        stop = False
        while True:
            cur_mem = _get_memory(self.monitor_pid, timestamps=self.timestamps,
                            include_children=self.include_children)
            if not self.max_usage:
                self.mem_usage.append(cur_mem)
            else:
                self.mem_usage[0] = max(cur_mem, self.mem_usage[0])
            self.n_measurements += 1
            if stop:
                break
            stop = self.pipe.poll(self.interval)
            # do one more iteration

        self.pipe.send(self.mem_usage)
        self.pipe.send(self.n_measurements)


def memory_usage(proc=-1, interval=.1, timeout=None, timestamps=False,
                 include_children=False, max_usage=False, retval=False,
                 stream=None):
    """
    Return the memory usage of a process or piece of code

    Parameters
    ----------
    proc : {int, string, tuple, subprocess.Popen}, optional
        The process to monitor. Can be given by an integer/string
        representing a PID, by a Popen object or by a tuple
        representing a Python function. The tuple contains three
        values (f, args, kw) and specifies to run the function
        f(*args, **kw).
        Set to -1 (default) for current process.

    interval : float, optional
        Interval at which measurements are collected.

    timeout : float, optional
        Maximum amount of time (in seconds) to wait before returning.

    max_usage : bool, optional
        Only return the maximum memory usage (default False)

    retval : bool, optional
        For profiling python functions. Save the return value of the profiled
        function. Return value of memory_usage becomes a tuple:
        (mem_usage, retval)

    timestamps : bool, optional
        if True, timestamps of memory usage measurement are collected as well.

    stream : File
        if stream is a File opened with write access, then results are written
        to this file instead of stored in memory and returned at the end of
        the subprocess. Useful for long-running processes.
        Implies timestamps=True.

    Returns
    -------
    mem_usage : list of floating-poing values
        memory usage, in MiB. It's length is always < timeout / interval
        if max_usage is given, returns the two elements maximum memory and
        number of measurements effectuated
    ret : return value of the profiled function
        Only returned if retval is set to True
    """
    if stream is not None:
        timestamps = True

    if not max_usage:
        ret = []
    else:
        ret = -1

    if timeout is not None:
        max_iter = int(timeout / interval)
    elif isinstance(proc, int):
        # external process and no timeout
        max_iter = 1
    else:
        # for a Python function wait until it finishes
        max_iter = float('inf')

    if hasattr(proc, '__call__'):
        proc = (proc, (), {})
    if isinstance(proc, (list, tuple)):
        if len(proc) == 1:
            f, args, kw = (proc[0], (), {})
        elif len(proc) == 2:
            f, args, kw = (proc[0], proc[1], {})
        elif len(proc) == 3:
            f, args, kw = (proc[0], proc[1], proc[2])
        else:
            raise ValueError

        while True:
            child_conn, parent_conn = Pipe()  # this will store MemTimer's results
            p = MemTimer(os.getpid(), interval, child_conn, timestamps=timestamps,
                      max_usage=max_usage, include_children=include_children)
            p.start()
            parent_conn.recv()  # wait until we start getting memory
            returned = f(*args, **kw)
            parent_conn.send(0)  # finish timing
            ret = parent_conn.recv()
            n_measurements = parent_conn.recv()
            if retval:
                ret = ret, returned
            p.join(5 * interval)
            if n_measurements > 4 or interval < 1e-6:
                break
            interval /= 10.
    elif isinstance(proc, subprocess.Popen):
        # external process, launched from Python
        line_count = 0
        while True:
            if not max_usage:
                mem_usage = _get_memory(proc.pid, timestamps=timestamps,
                                        include_children=include_children)
                if stream is not None:
                    stream.write("MEM {0:.6f} {1:.4f}\n".format(*mem_usage))
                else:
                    ret.append(mem_usage)
            else:
                ret = max([ret,
                           _get_memory(proc.pid,
                                       include_children=include_children)])
            time.sleep(interval)
            line_count += 1
            # flush every 50 lines. Make 'tail -f' usable on profile file
            if line_count > 50:
                line_count = 0
                if stream is not None:
                    stream.flush()
            if timeout is not None:
                max_iter -= 1
                if max_iter == 0:
                    break
            if proc.poll() is not None:
                break
    else:
        # external process
        if max_iter == -1:
            max_iter = 1
        counter = 0
        while counter < max_iter:
            counter += 1
            if not max_usage:
                mem_usage = _get_memory(proc, timestamps=timestamps,
                                        include_children=include_children)
                if stream is not None:
                    stream.write("MEM {0:.6f} {1:.4f}\n".format(*mem_usage))
                else:
                    ret.append(mem_usage)
            else:
                ret = max([ret,
                           _get_memory(proc, include_children=include_children)
                           ])

            time.sleep(interval)
            # Flush every 50 lines.
            if counter % 50 == 0 and stream is not None:
                stream.flush()
    if stream:
        return None
    return ret

# ..
# .. utility functions for line-by-line ..


def _find_script(script_name):
    """ Find the script.

    If the input is not a file, then $PATH will be searched.
    """
    if os.path.isfile(script_name):
        return script_name
    path = os.getenv('PATH', os.defpath).split(os.pathsep)
    for folder in path:
        if not folder:
            continue
        fn = os.path.join(folder, script_name)
        if os.path.isfile(fn):
            return fn

    sys.stderr.write('Could not find script {0}\n'.format(script_name))
    raise SystemExit(1)


class _TimeStamperCM(object):
    """Time-stamping context manager."""

    def __init__(self, timestamps):
        self._timestamps = timestamps

    def __enter__(self):
        self._timestamps.append(_get_memory(os.getpid(), timestamps=True))

    def __exit__(self, *args):
        self._timestamps.append(_get_memory(os.getpid(), timestamps=True))


class TimeStamper:
    """ A profiler that just records start and end execution times for
    any decorated function.
    """
    def __init__(self):
        self.functions = {}

    def __call__(self, func=None, precision=None):
        if func is not None:
            if not hasattr(func, "__call__"):
                raise ValueError("Value must be callable")

            self.add_function(func)
            f = self.wrap_function(func)
            f.__module__ = func.__module__
            f.__name__ = func.__name__
            f.__doc__ = func.__doc__
            f.__dict__.update(getattr(func, '__dict__', {}))
            return f
        else:
            def inner_partial(f):
                return self.__call__(f, precision=precision)
            return inner_partial

    def timestamp(self, name="<block>"):
        """Returns a context manager for timestamping a block of code."""
        # Make a fake function
        func = lambda x: x
        func.__module__ = ""
        func.__name__ = name
        self.add_function(func)
        timestamps = []
        self.functions[func].append(timestamps)
        # A new object is required each time, since there can be several
        # nested context managers.
        return _TimeStamperCM(timestamps)

    def add_function(self, func):
        if not func in self.functions:
            self.functions[func] = []

    def wrap_function(self, func):
        """ Wrap a function to timestamp it.
        """
        def f(*args, **kwds):
            # Start time
            timestamps = [_get_memory(os.getpid(), timestamps=True)]
            self.functions[func].append(timestamps)
            try:
                result = func(*args, **kwds)
            finally:
                # end time
                timestamps.append(_get_memory(os.getpid(), timestamps=True))
            return result
        return f

    def show_results(self, stream=None):
        if stream is None:
            stream = sys.stdout

        for func, timestamps in self.functions.items():
            function_name = "%s.%s" % (func.__module__, func.__name__)
            for ts in timestamps:
                stream.write("FUNC %s %.4f %.4f %.4f %.4f\n" % (
                    (function_name,) + ts[0] + ts[1]))


class LineProfiler(object):
    """ A profiler that records the amount of memory for each line """

    def __init__(self, **kw):
        self.code_map = {}
        self.enable_count = 0
        self.max_mem = kw.get('max_mem', None)
        self.prevline = None
        self.include_children = kw.get('include_children', False)

    def __call__(self, func=None, precision=1):
        if func is not None:
            self.add_function(func)
            f = self.wrap_function(func)
            f.__module__ = func.__module__
            f.__name__ = func.__name__
            f.__doc__ = func.__doc__
            f.__dict__.update(getattr(func, '__dict__', {}))
            return f
        else:
            def inner_partial(f):
                return self.__call__(f, precision=precision)
            return inner_partial

    def add_code(self, code, toplevel_code=None):
        if code not in self.code_map:
            self.code_map[code] = {}

            for subcode in filter(inspect.iscode, code.co_consts):
                self.add_code(subcode)

    def add_function(self, func):
        """ Record line profiling information for the given Python function.
        """
        try:
            # func_code does not exist in Python3
            code = func.__code__
        except AttributeError:
            warnings.warn("Could not extract a code object for the object %r"
                          % func)
        else:
            self.add_code(code)

    def wrap_function(self, func):
        """ Wrap a function to profile it.
        """

        def f(*args, **kwds):
            self.enable_by_count()
            try:
                result = func(*args, **kwds)
            finally:
                self.disable_by_count()
            return result
        return f

    def run(self, cmd):
        """ Profile a single executable statement in the main namespace.
        """
        # TODO: can this be removed ?
        import __main__
        main_dict = __main__.__dict__
        return self.runctx(cmd, main_dict, main_dict)

    def runctx(self, cmd, globals, locals):
        """ Profile a single executable statement in the given namespaces.
        """
        self.enable_by_count()
        try:
            exec(cmd, globals, locals)
        finally:
            self.disable_by_count()
        return self

    def enable_by_count(self):
        """ Enable the profiler if it hasn't been enabled before.
        """
        if self.enable_count == 0:
            self.enable()
        self.enable_count += 1

    def disable_by_count(self):
        """ Disable the profiler if the number of disable requests matches the
        number of enable requests.
        """
        if self.enable_count > 0:
            self.enable_count -= 1
            if self.enable_count == 0:
                self.disable()

    def trace_memory_usage(self, frame, event, arg):
        """Callback for sys.settrace"""
        if (event in ('call', 'line', 'return')
                and frame.f_code in self.code_map):
            if event != 'call':
                # "call" event just saves the lineno but not the memory
                mem = _get_memory(-1, include_children=self.include_children)
                # if there is already a measurement for that line get the max
                old_mem = self.code_map[frame.f_code].get(self.prevline, 0)
                self.code_map[frame.f_code][self.prevline] = max(mem, old_mem)
            self.prevline = frame.f_lineno

        if self._original_trace_function is not None:
            (self._original_trace_function)(frame, event, arg)

        return self.trace_memory_usage

    def trace_max_mem(self, frame, event, arg):
        # run into PDB as soon as memory is higher than MAX_MEM
        if event in ('line', 'return') and frame.f_code in self.code_map:
            c = _get_memory(-1)
            if c >= self.max_mem:
                t = ('Current memory {0:.2f} MiB exceeded the maximum'
                     ''.format(c) + 'of {0:.2f} MiB\n'.format(self.max_mem))
                sys.stdout.write(t)
                sys.stdout.write('Stepping into the debugger \n')
                frame.f_lineno -= 2
                p = pdb.Pdb()
                p.quitting = False
                p.stopframe = frame
                p.returnframe = None
                p.stoplineno = frame.f_lineno - 3
                p.botframe = None
                return p.trace_dispatch

        if self._original_trace_function is not None:
            (self._original_trace_function)(frame, event, arg)

        return self.trace_max_mem

    def __enter__(self):
        self.enable_by_count()

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        self.disable_by_count()

    def enable(self):
        self._original_trace_function = sys.gettrace()
        if self.max_mem is not None:
            sys.settrace(self.trace_max_mem)
        else:
            sys.settrace(self.trace_memory_usage)

    def disable(self):
        sys.settrace(self._original_trace_function)


def show_results(prof, stream=None, precision=1):
    if stream is None:
        stream = sys.stdout
    template = '{0:>6} {1:>12} {2:>12}   {3:<}'

    for code in prof.code_map:
        lines = prof.code_map[code]
        if not lines:
            # .. measurements are empty ..
            continue
        filename = code.co_filename
        if filename.endswith((".pyc", ".pyo")):
            filename = filename[:-1]
        stream.write('Filename: ' + filename + '\n\n')
        if not os.path.exists(filename):
            stream.write('ERROR: Could not find file ' + filename + '\n')
            if any([filename.startswith(k) for k in
                    ("ipython-input", "<ipython-input")]):
                print("NOTE: %mprun can only be used on functions defined in "
                      "physical files, and not in the IPython environment.")
            continue
        all_lines = linecache.getlines(filename)
        sub_lines = inspect.getblock(all_lines[code.co_firstlineno - 1:])
        linenos = range(code.co_firstlineno,
                        code.co_firstlineno + len(sub_lines))

        header = template.format('Line #', 'Mem usage', 'Increment',
                                 'Line Contents')
        stream.write(header + '\n')
        stream.write('=' * len(header) + '\n')

        mem_old = lines[min(lines.keys())]
        float_format = '{0}.{1}f'.format(precision + 4, precision)
        template_mem = '{0:' + float_format + '} MiB'
        for line in linenos:
            mem = ''
            inc = ''
            if line in lines:
                mem = lines[line]
                inc = mem - mem_old
                mem_old = mem
                mem = template_mem.format(mem)
                inc = template_mem.format(inc)
            stream.write(template.format(line, mem, inc, all_lines[line - 1]))
        stream.write('\n\n')


# A lprun-style %mprun magic for IPython.
def magic_mprun(self, parameter_s=''):
    """ Execute a statement under the line-by-line memory profiler from the
    memory_profiler module.

    Usage:
      %mprun -f func1 -f func2 <statement>

    The given statement (which doesn't require quote marks) is run via the
    LineProfiler. Profiling is enabled for the functions specified by the -f
    options. The statistics will be shown side-by-side with the code through
    the pager once the statement has completed.

    Options:

    -f <function>: LineProfiler only profiles functions and methods it is told
    to profile.  This option tells the profiler about these functions. Multiple
    -f options may be used. The argument may be any expression that gives
    a Python function or method object. However, one must be careful to avoid
    spaces that may confuse the option parser. Additionally, functions defined
    in the interpreter at the In[] prompt or via %run currently cannot be
    displayed.  Write these functions out to a separate file and import them.

    One or more -f options are required to get any useful results.

    -T <filename>: dump the text-formatted statistics with the code
    side-by-side out to a text file.

    -r: return the LineProfiler object after it has completed profiling.

    -c: If present, add the memory usage of any children process to the report.
    """
    try:
        from StringIO import StringIO
    except ImportError:  # Python 3.x
        from io import StringIO

    # Local imports to avoid hard dependency.
    from distutils.version import LooseVersion
    import IPython
    ipython_version = LooseVersion(IPython.__version__)
    if ipython_version < '0.11':
        from IPython.genutils import page
        from IPython.ipstruct import Struct
        from IPython.ipapi import UsageError
    else:
        from IPython.core.page import page
        from IPython.utils.ipstruct import Struct
        from IPython.core.error import UsageError

    # Escape quote markers.
    opts_def = Struct(T=[''], f=[])
    parameter_s = parameter_s.replace('"', r'\"').replace("'", r"\'")
    opts, arg_str = self.parse_options(parameter_s, 'rf:T:c', list_all=True)
    opts.merge(opts_def)
    global_ns = self.shell.user_global_ns
    local_ns = self.shell.user_ns

    # Get the requested functions.
    funcs = []
    for name in opts.f:
        try:
            funcs.append(eval(name, global_ns, local_ns))
        except Exception as e:
            raise UsageError('Could not find function %r.\n%s: %s' % (name,
                             e.__class__.__name__, e))

    include_children = 'c' in opts
    profile = LineProfiler(include_children=include_children)
    for func in funcs:
        profile(func)

    # Add the profiler to the builtins for @profile.
    try:
        import builtins
    except ImportError:  # Python 3x
        import __builtin__ as builtins

    if 'profile' in builtins.__dict__:
        had_profile = True
        old_profile = builtins.__dict__['profile']
    else:
        had_profile = False
        old_profile = None
    builtins.__dict__['profile'] = profile

    try:
        try:
            profile.runctx(arg_str, global_ns, local_ns)
            message = ''
        except SystemExit:
            message = "*** SystemExit exception caught in code being profiled."
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            message = ("*** KeyboardInterrupt exception caught in code being "
                       "profiled.")
    finally:
        if had_profile:
            builtins.__dict__['profile'] = old_profile

    # Trap text output.
    stdout_trap = StringIO()
    show_results(profile, stdout_trap)
    output = stdout_trap.getvalue()
    output = output.rstrip()

    if ipython_version < '0.11':
        page(output, screen_lines=self.shell.rc.screen_length)
    else:
        page(output)
    print(message,)

    text_file = opts.T[0]
    if text_file:
        with open(text_file, 'w') as pfile:
            pfile.write(output)
        print('\n*** Profile printout saved to text file %s. %s' % (text_file,
                                                                    message))

    return_value = None
    if 'r' in opts:
        return_value = profile

    return return_value


def _func_exec(stmt, ns):
    # helper for magic_memit, just a function proxy for the exec
    # statement
    exec(stmt, ns)

# a timeit-style %memit magic for IPython


def magic_memit(self, line=''):
    """Measure memory usage of a Python statement

    Usage, in line mode:
      %memit [-r<R>t<T>i<I>] statement

    Options:
    -r<R>: repeat the loop iteration <R> times and take the best result.
    Default: 1

    -t<T>: timeout after <T> seconds. Default: None

    -i<I>: Get time information at an interval of I times per second.
        Defaults to 0.1 so that there is ten measurements per second.

    -c: If present, add the memory usage of any children process to the report.

    Examples
    --------
    ::

      In [1]: import numpy as np

      In [2]: %memit np.zeros(1e7)
      maximum of 1: 76.402344 MiB per loop

      In [3]: %memit np.ones(1e6)
      maximum of 1: 7.820312 MiB per loop

      In [4]: %memit -r 10 np.empty(1e8)
      maximum of 10: 0.101562 MiB per loop

    """
    opts, stmt = self.parse_options(line, 'r:t:i:c', posix=False, strict=False)
    repeat = int(getattr(opts, 'r', 1))
    if repeat < 1:
        repeat == 1
    timeout = int(getattr(opts, 't', 0))
    if timeout <= 0:
        timeout = None
    interval = float(getattr(opts, 'i', 0.1))
    include_children = 'c' in opts

    # I've noticed we get less noisier measurements if we run
    # a garbage collection first
    import gc
    gc.collect()

    mem_usage = 0
    counter = 0
    baseline = memory_usage()[0]
    while counter < repeat:
        counter += 1
        tmp = memory_usage((_func_exec, (stmt, self.shell.user_ns)),
                           timeout=timeout, interval=interval, max_usage=True,
                           include_children=include_children)
        mem_usage = max(mem_usage, tmp[0])

    if mem_usage:
        print('peak memory: %.02f MiB, increment: %.02f MiB' %
              (mem_usage, mem_usage - baseline))
    else:
        print('ERROR: could not read memory usage, try with a lower interval '
              'or more iterations')


def load_ipython_extension(ip):
    """This is called to load the module as an IPython extension."""
    ip.define_magic('mprun', magic_mprun)
    ip.define_magic('memit', magic_memit)


def profile(func=None, stream=None, precision=1):
    """
    Decorator that will run the function and print a line-by-line profile
    """
    if func is not None:
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            prof = LineProfiler()
            val = prof(func)(*args, **kwargs)
            show_results(prof, stream=stream, precision=precision)
            return val
        return wrapper
    else:
        def inner_wrapper(f):
            return profile(f, stream=stream, precision=precision)
        return inner_wrapper

class LogFile(object):
    """File-like object to log text using the `logging` module and the log report can be customised."""

    def __init__(self, name=None, reportIncrementFlag=False):
        """
        :param name: name of the logger module
               reportIncrementFlag: This must be set to True if only the steps with memory increments are to be reported

        :type self: object
              name: string
              reportIncrementFlag: bool
        """
        self.logger = logging.getLogger(name)
        self.reportIncrementFlag = reportIncrementFlag

    def write(self, msg, level=logging.INFO):
        if self.reportIncrementFlag:
            if "MiB" in msg and float(msg.split("MiB")[1].strip())>0:
                self.logger.log(level, msg)
            elif msg.__contains__("Filename:") or msg.__contains__("Line Contents"):
                self.logger.log(level, msg)
        else:
            self.logger.log(level, msg)

    def flush(self):
        for handler in self.logger.handlers:
            handler.flush()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from optparse import OptionParser
    parser = OptionParser(usage=_CMD_USAGE, version=__version__)
    parser.disable_interspersed_args()
    parser.add_option(
        "--pdb-mmem", dest="max_mem", metavar="MAXMEM",
        type="float", action="store",
        help="step into the debugger when memory exceeds MAXMEM")
    parser.add_option(
        '--precision', dest="precision", type="int",
        action="store", default=3,
        help="precision of memory output in number of significant digits")
    parser.add_option("-o", dest="out_filename", type="str",
                      action="store", default=None,
                      help="path to a file where results will be written")
    parser.add_option("--timestamp", dest="timestamp", default=False,
                      action="store_true",
                      help="""print timestamp instead of memory measurement for
                      decorated functions""")

    if not sys.argv[1:]:
        parser.print_help()
        sys.exit(2)

    (options, args) = parser.parse_args()
    sys.argv[:] = args  # Remove every memory_profiler arguments

    if options.timestamp:
        prof = TimeStamper()
    else:
        prof = LineProfiler(max_mem=options.max_mem)
    __file__ = _find_script(args[0])
    try:
        if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
            # we need to ovewrite the builtins to have profile
            # globally defined (global variables is not enough
            # for all cases, e.g. a script that imports another
            # script where @profile is used)
            import __builtin__
            __builtin__.__dict__['profile'] = prof
            ns = copy(_clean_globals)
            ns['profile'] = prof  # shadow the profile decorator defined above
            execfile(__file__, ns, ns)
        else:
            import builtins
            builtins.__dict__['profile'] = prof
            ns = copy(_clean_globals)
            ns['profile'] = prof  # shadow the profile decorator defined above
            exec(compile(open(__file__).read(), __file__, 'exec'), ns, ns)
    finally:
        if options.out_filename is not None:
            out_file = open(options.out_filename, "a")
        else:
            out_file = sys.stdout

        if options.timestamp:
            prof.show_results(stream=out_file)
        else:
            show_results(prof, precision=options.precision, stream=out_file)