diff --git a/src/cargo/core/compiler/custom_build.rs b/src/cargo/core/compiler/custom_build.rs
index bc4c15b88d9d..630c2119ecc2 100644
--- a/src/cargo/core/compiler/custom_build.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/core/compiler/custom_build.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use super::job::{Freshness, Job, Work};
+use super::job::{Job, Work};
 use super::{fingerprint, Context, LinkType, Unit};
 use crate::core::compiler::artifact;
 use crate::core::compiler::context::Metadata;
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ fn build_work(cx: &mut Context<'_, '_>, unit: &Unit) -> CargoResult<Job> {
     } else {
         fingerprint::prepare_target(cx, unit, false)?
     };
-    if job.freshness() == Freshness::Dirty {
+    if job.freshness().is_dirty() {
         job.before(dirty);
     } else {
         job.before(fresh);
diff --git a/src/cargo/core/compiler/fingerprint/dirty_reason.rs b/src/cargo/core/compiler/fingerprint/dirty_reason.rs
index 025aa8ee1c2b..90ec85217b53 100644
--- a/src/cargo/core/compiler/fingerprint/dirty_reason.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/core/compiler/fingerprint/dirty_reason.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::core::Shell;
 use crate::Config;
 use std::fmt;
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub enum DirtyReason {
     RustcChanged,
     FeaturesChanged {
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ impl DirtyReason {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone)]
 #[allow(dead_code)] // fields to be used in the future
 pub struct DirtyReasonDeps {
     pub(super) old: Vec<DepFingerprint>,
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for DirtyReasonDeps {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct FsStatusOutdated(FsStatus);
 
 impl FsStatusOutdated {
diff --git a/src/cargo/core/compiler/job.rs b/src/cargo/core/compiler/job.rs
index 75fe98b3db71..4d660aab41a9 100644
--- a/src/cargo/core/compiler/job.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/core/compiler/job.rs
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ use crate::util::CargoResult;
 pub struct Job {
     work: Work,
     fresh: Freshness,
-
-    dirty_reason: Option<DirtyReason>,
 }
 
 /// Each proc should send its description before starting.
@@ -48,7 +46,6 @@ impl Job {
         Job {
             work: Work::noop(),
             fresh: Freshness::Fresh,
-            dirty_reason: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -56,8 +53,7 @@ impl Job {
     pub fn new_dirty(work: Work, dirty_reason: Option<DirtyReason>) -> Job {
         Job {
             work,
-            fresh: Freshness::Dirty,
-            dirty_reason,
+            fresh: Freshness::Dirty(dirty_reason),
         }
     }
 
@@ -70,18 +66,14 @@ impl Job {
     /// Returns whether this job was fresh/dirty, where "fresh" means we're
     /// likely to perform just some small bookkeeping where "dirty" means we'll
     /// probably do something slow like invoke rustc.
-    pub fn freshness(&self) -> Freshness {
-        self.fresh
+    pub fn freshness(&self) -> &Freshness {
+        &self.fresh
     }
 
     pub fn before(&mut self, next: Work) {
         let prev = mem::replace(&mut self.work, Work::noop());
         self.work = next.then(prev);
     }
-
-    pub fn dirty_reason(&self) -> Option<&DirtyReason> {
-        self.dirty_reason.as_ref()
-    }
 }
 
 impl fmt::Debug for Job {
@@ -94,8 +86,31 @@ impl fmt::Debug for Job {
 ///
 /// A fresh package does not necessarily need to be rebuilt (unless a dependency
 /// was also rebuilt), and a dirty package must always be rebuilt.
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum Freshness {
+    Fresh,
+    Dirty(Option<DirtyReason>),
+}
+
+impl Freshness {
+    pub fn is_dirty(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Freshness::Dirty(_))
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_fresh(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Freshness::Fresh)
+    }
+
+    pub fn kind(&self) -> FreshnessKind {
+        match self {
+            Freshness::Fresh => FreshnessKind::Fresh,
+            Freshness::Dirty(_) => FreshnessKind::Dirty,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+pub enum FreshnessKind {
     Fresh,
     Dirty,
 }
diff --git a/src/cargo/core/compiler/job_queue.rs b/src/cargo/core/compiler/job_queue.rs
index ef8f2198f544..d09b03ea19a7 100644
--- a/src/cargo/core/compiler/job_queue.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/core/compiler/job_queue.rs
@@ -71,10 +71,10 @@ use super::job::{
 };
 use super::timings::Timings;
 use super::{BuildContext, BuildPlan, CompileMode, Context, Unit};
-use crate::core::compiler::fingerprint::DirtyReason;
 use crate::core::compiler::future_incompat::{
     self, FutureBreakageItem, FutureIncompatReportPackage,
 };
+use crate::core::compiler::job::FreshnessKind;
 use crate::core::resolver::ResolveBehavior;
 use crate::core::{PackageId, Shell, TargetKind};
 use crate::util::diagnostic_server::{self, DiagnosticPrinter};
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ impl<'cfg> DrainState<'cfg> {
                 // NOTE: An error here will drop the job without starting it.
                 // That should be OK, since we want to exit as soon as
                 // possible during an error.
-                self.note_working_on(cx.bcx.config, &unit, job.freshness(), job.dirty_reason())?;
+                self.note_working_on(cx.bcx.config, &unit, job.freshness())?;
             }
             self.run(&unit, job, cx, scope);
         }
@@ -1115,7 +1115,7 @@ impl<'cfg> DrainState<'cfg> {
         assert!(self.active.insert(id, unit.clone()).is_none());
 
         let messages = self.messages.clone();
-        let fresh = job.freshness();
+        let fresh = job.freshness().kind(); // closure below moves job, cannot keep `&Freshness`
         let rmeta_required = cx.rmeta_required(unit);
 
         let doit = move |state: JobState<'_, '_>| {
@@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@ impl<'cfg> DrainState<'cfg> {
         };
 
         match fresh {
-            Freshness::Fresh => {
+            FreshnessKind::Fresh => {
                 self.timings.add_fresh();
                 // Running a fresh job on the same thread is often much faster than spawning a new
                 // thread to run the job.
@@ -1179,7 +1179,7 @@ impl<'cfg> DrainState<'cfg> {
                     _marker: marker::PhantomData,
                 });
             }
-            Freshness::Dirty => {
+            FreshnessKind::Dirty => {
                 self.timings.add_dirty();
                 scope.spawn(move || {
                     doit(JobState {
@@ -1342,8 +1342,7 @@ impl<'cfg> DrainState<'cfg> {
         &mut self,
         config: &Config,
         unit: &Unit,
-        fresh: Freshness,
-        dirty_reason: Option<&DirtyReason>,
+        fresh: &Freshness,
     ) -> CargoResult<()> {
         if (self.compiled.contains(&unit.pkg.package_id())
             && !unit.mode.is_doc()
@@ -1357,7 +1356,7 @@ impl<'cfg> DrainState<'cfg> {
         match fresh {
             // Any dirty stage which runs at least one command gets printed as
             // being a compiled package.
-            Dirty => {
+            Dirty(dirty_reason) => {
                 if unit.mode.is_doc() {
                     self.documented.insert(unit.pkg.package_id());
                     config.shell().status("Documenting", &unit.pkg)?;
diff --git a/src/cargo/core/compiler/mod.rs b/src/cargo/core/compiler/mod.rs
index 2376db463884..e7bd5bf97607 100644
--- a/src/cargo/core/compiler/mod.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/core/compiler/mod.rs
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ fn compile<'cfg>(
     } else {
         let force = exec.force_rebuild(unit) || force_rebuild;
         let mut job = fingerprint::prepare_target(cx, unit, force)?;
-        job.before(if job.freshness() == Freshness::Dirty {
+        job.before(if job.freshness().is_dirty() {
             let work = if unit.mode.is_doc() || unit.mode.is_doc_scrape() {
                 rustdoc(cx, unit)?
             } else {
diff --git a/src/cargo/ops/cargo_install.rs b/src/cargo/ops/cargo_install.rs
index ea933ce08142..72bcb41c8d59 100644
--- a/src/cargo/ops/cargo_install.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/ops/cargo_install.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::{env, fs};
 
-use crate::core::compiler::{CompileKind, DefaultExecutor, Executor, Freshness, UnitOutput};
+use crate::core::compiler::{CompileKind, DefaultExecutor, Executor, UnitOutput};
 use crate::core::{Dependency, Edition, Package, PackageId, Source, SourceId, Workspace};
 use crate::ops::CompileFilter;
 use crate::ops::{common_for_install_and_uninstall::*, FilterRule};
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ fn is_installed(
     let tracker = InstallTracker::load(config, root)?;
     let (freshness, _duplicates) =
         tracker.check_upgrade(dst, pkg, force, opts, target, &rustc.verbose_version)?;
-    Ok(freshness == Freshness::Fresh)
+    Ok(freshness.is_fresh())
 }
 
 /// Checks if vers can only be satisfied by exactly one version of a package in a registry, and it's
diff --git a/src/cargo/ops/common_for_install_and_uninstall.rs b/src/cargo/ops/common_for_install_and_uninstall.rs
index 6b8e8d792aa0..1762f9a241d0 100644
--- a/src/cargo/ops/common_for_install_and_uninstall.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/ops/common_for_install_and_uninstall.rs
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ impl InstallTracker {
         // Check if any tracked exe's are already installed.
         let duplicates = self.find_duplicates(dst, &exes);
         if force || duplicates.is_empty() {
-            return Ok((Freshness::Dirty, duplicates));
+            return Ok((Freshness::Dirty(None), duplicates));
         }
         // Check if all duplicates come from packages of the same name. If
         // there are duplicates from other packages, then --force will be
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ impl InstallTracker {
             let source_id = pkg.package_id().source_id();
             if source_id.is_path() {
                 // `cargo install --path ...` is always rebuilt.
-                return Ok((Freshness::Dirty, duplicates));
+                return Ok((Freshness::Dirty(None), duplicates));
             }
             let is_up_to_date = |dupe_pkg_id| {
                 let info = self
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ impl InstallTracker {
             if matching_duplicates.iter().all(is_up_to_date) {
                 Ok((Freshness::Fresh, duplicates))
             } else {
-                Ok((Freshness::Dirty, duplicates))
+                Ok((Freshness::Dirty(None), duplicates))
             }
         } else {
             // Format the error message.