diff --git a/src/frontend/src/observer/observer_manager.rs b/src/frontend/src/observer/observer_manager.rs
index 692043a7f41eb..5e2204fcce1f7 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/observer/observer_manager.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/observer/observer_manager.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use itertools::Itertools;
 use parking_lot::RwLock;
 use risingwave_common::catalog::CatalogVersion;
 use risingwave_common::hash::ParallelUnitMapping;
@@ -377,9 +378,9 @@ impl FrontendObserverNode {
                 self.worker_node_manager
                     .upsert_serving_fragment_mapping(convert_pu_mapping(&mappings));
             }
-            Operation::Delete => self
-                .worker_node_manager
-                .remove_serving_fragment_mapping(mappings.into_iter().map(|m| m.fragment_id)),
+            Operation::Delete => self.worker_node_manager.remove_serving_fragment_mapping(
+                &mappings.into_iter().map(|m| m.fragment_id).collect_vec(),
+            ),
             Operation::Snapshot => {
                 self.worker_node_manager
                     .set_serving_fragment_mapping(convert_pu_mapping(&mappings));
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/scheduler/distributed/stage.rs b/src/frontend/src/scheduler/distributed/stage.rs
index 2ba3c9ed544df..84cd4b28c1457 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/scheduler/distributed/stage.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/scheduler/distributed/stage.rs
@@ -642,13 +642,15 @@ impl StageRunner {
         &self,
         table_id: &TableId,
     ) -> SchedulerResult<ParallelUnitMapping> {
-        let reader = self.catalog_reader.read_guard();
-        let table = reader
+        let fragment_id = self
+            .catalog_reader
+            .read_guard()
             .get_table_by_id(table_id)
-            .map_err(|e| SchedulerError::Internal(anyhow!(e)))?;
+            .map_err(|e| SchedulerError::Internal(anyhow!(e)))?
+            .fragment_id;
         self.worker_node_manager
             .manager
-            .get_streaming_fragment_mapping(&table.fragment_id)
+            .get_streaming_fragment_mapping(&fragment_id)
     }
 
     fn choose_worker(
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/scheduler/local.rs b/src/frontend/src/scheduler/local.rs
index d34e06e9971f3..15473591eda31 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/scheduler/local.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/scheduler/local.rs
@@ -469,13 +469,16 @@ impl LocalQueryExecution {
         &self,
         table_id: &TableId,
     ) -> SchedulerResult<ParallelUnitMapping> {
-        let reader = self.front_env.catalog_reader().read_guard();
-        let table = reader
+        let fragment_id = self
+            .front_env
+            .catalog_reader()
+            .read_guard()
             .get_table_by_id(table_id)
-            .map_err(|e| SchedulerError::Internal(anyhow!(e)))?;
+            .map_err(|e| SchedulerError::Internal(anyhow!(e)))?
+            .fragment_id;
         self.worker_node_manager
             .manager
-            .get_streaming_fragment_mapping(&table.fragment_id)
+            .get_streaming_fragment_mapping(&fragment_id)
     }
 
     fn choose_worker(&self, stage: &Arc<QueryStage>) -> SchedulerResult<Vec<WorkerNode>> {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/scheduler/worker_node_manager.rs b/src/frontend/src/scheduler/worker_node_manager.rs
index 014e747352274..58f73547bc4c9 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/scheduler/worker_node_manager.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/scheduler/worker_node_manager.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
 
 use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
@@ -117,6 +116,15 @@ impl WorkerNodeManager {
         serving_mapping: HashMap<FragmentId, ParallelUnitMapping>,
     ) {
         let mut write_guard = self.inner.write().unwrap();
+        tracing::info!("Refresh worker nodes {:?}.", nodes);
+        tracing::info!(
+            "Refresh streaming vnode mapping for fragments {:?}.",
+            streaming_mapping.keys()
+        );
+        tracing::info!(
+            "Refresh serving vnode mapping for fragments {:?}.",
+            serving_mapping.keys()
+        );
         write_guard.worker_nodes = nodes;
         write_guard.streaming_fragment_vnode_mapping = streaming_mapping;
         write_guard.serving_fragment_vnode_mapping = serving_mapping;
@@ -207,7 +215,10 @@ impl WorkerNodeManager {
 
     pub fn set_serving_fragment_mapping(&self, mappings: HashMap<FragmentId, ParallelUnitMapping>) {
         let mut guard = self.inner.write().unwrap();
-        tracing::debug!("set serving fragment mapping {:#?}", mappings);
+        tracing::info!(
+            "Set serving vnode mapping for fragments {:?}",
+            mappings.keys()
+        );
         guard.serving_fragment_vnode_mapping = mappings;
     }
 
@@ -216,7 +227,10 @@ impl WorkerNodeManager {
         mappings: HashMap<FragmentId, ParallelUnitMapping>,
     ) {
         let mut guard = self.inner.write().unwrap();
-        tracing::debug!("upsert serving fragment mapping {:#?}", mappings);
+        tracing::info!(
+            "Upsert serving vnode mapping for fragments {:?}",
+            mappings.keys()
+        );
         for (fragment_id, mapping) in mappings {
             guard
                 .serving_fragment_vnode_mapping
@@ -224,12 +238,12 @@ impl WorkerNodeManager {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn remove_serving_fragment_mapping(
-        &self,
-        fragment_ids: impl IntoIterator<Item = FragmentId> + Debug,
-    ) {
+    pub fn remove_serving_fragment_mapping(&self, fragment_ids: &[FragmentId]) {
         let mut guard = self.inner.write().unwrap();
-        tracing::debug!("remove serving fragment mapping {:#?}", fragment_ids);
+        tracing::info!(
+            "Delete serving vnode mapping for fragments {:?}",
+            fragment_ids
+        );
         for fragment_id in fragment_ids {
             guard.serving_fragment_vnode_mapping.remove(&fragment_id);
         }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/batch/mod.rs b/src/meta/src/batch/mod.rs
index 535ca44b6977f..242d6cc2c09e5 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/batch/mod.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/batch/mod.rs
@@ -44,33 +44,45 @@ impl ServingVnodeMapping {
     }
 
     /// Upsert mapping for given fragments according to the latest `workers`.
-    /// Returns new mappings.
+    /// Returns (successful updates, failed updates).
     fn upsert(
         &self,
         streaming_fragment_mappings: impl IntoIterator<Item = FragmentParallelUnitMapping>,
         workers: &[WorkerNode],
-    ) -> HashMap<FragmentId, ParallelUnitMapping> {
+    ) -> (HashMap<FragmentId, ParallelUnitMapping>, Vec<FragmentId>) {
         let mut serving_vnode_mappings = self.serving_vnode_mappings.write();
+        let mut upserted: HashMap<FragmentId, ParallelUnitMapping> = HashMap::default();
+        let mut failed: Vec<FragmentId> = vec![];
         for fragment in streaming_fragment_mappings {
             let new_mapping = {
                 let old_mapping = serving_vnode_mappings.get(&fragment.fragment_id);
                 // Set max serving parallelism to `streaming_parallelism`. It's not a must.
-                let streaming_parallelism =
-                    ParallelUnitMapping::from_protobuf(fragment.mapping.as_ref().unwrap())
+                let streaming_parallelism = match fragment.mapping.as_ref() {
+                    Some(mapping) => ParallelUnitMapping::from_protobuf(mapping)
                         .iter_unique()
-                        .count();
+                        .count(),
+                    None => {
+                        tracing::warn!(
+                            "vnode mapping for fragment {} not found",
+                            fragment.fragment_id
+                        );
+                        1
+                    }
+                };
                 place_vnode(old_mapping, workers, streaming_parallelism)
             };
             match new_mapping {
                 None => {
                     serving_vnode_mappings.remove(&fragment.fragment_id as _);
+                    failed.push(fragment.fragment_id);
                 }
                 Some(mapping) => {
-                    serving_vnode_mappings.insert(fragment.fragment_id, mapping);
+                    serving_vnode_mappings.insert(fragment.fragment_id, mapping.clone());
+                    upserted.insert(fragment.fragment_id, mapping);
                 }
             }
         }
-        serving_vnode_mappings.clone()
+        (upserted, failed)
     }
 
     fn remove(&self, fragment_ids: &[FragmentId]) {
@@ -84,20 +96,8 @@ impl ServingVnodeMapping {
 async fn all_streaming_fragment_mappings<S: MetaStore>(
     fragment_manager: &FragmentManager<S>,
 ) -> Vec<FragmentParallelUnitMapping> {
-    fragment_manager
-        .list_table_fragments()
-        .await
-        .into_iter()
-        .flat_map(|table_fragments| {
-            table_fragments.fragments.into_values().map(|fragment| {
-                let parallel_unit_mapping = fragment.vnode_mapping.clone().unwrap();
-                FragmentParallelUnitMapping {
-                    fragment_id: fragment.fragment_id,
-                    mapping: Some(parallel_unit_mapping),
-                }
-            })
-        })
-        .collect()
+    let guard = fragment_manager.get_fragment_read_guard().await;
+    guard.all_running_fragment_mappings().collect()
 }
 
 fn to_fragment_parallel_unit_mapping(
@@ -112,6 +112,18 @@ fn to_fragment_parallel_unit_mapping(
         .collect()
 }
 
+fn to_deleted_fragment_parallel_unit_mapping(
+    fragment_ids: &[FragmentId],
+) -> Vec<FragmentParallelUnitMapping> {
+    fragment_ids
+        .iter()
+        .map(|fragment_id| FragmentParallelUnitMapping {
+            fragment_id: *fragment_id,
+            mapping: None,
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
 pub(crate) async fn on_meta_start<S: MetaStore>(
     notification_manager: NotificationManagerRef<S>,
     cluster_manager: ClusterManagerRef<S>,
@@ -119,10 +131,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn on_meta_start<S: MetaStore>(
     serving_vnode_mapping: ServingVnodeMappingRef,
 ) {
     let streaming_fragment_mappings = all_streaming_fragment_mappings(&fragment_manager).await;
-    let mappings = serving_vnode_mapping.upsert(
+    let (mappings, _) = serving_vnode_mapping.upsert(
         streaming_fragment_mappings,
         &cluster_manager.list_active_serving_compute_nodes().await,
     );
+    tracing::info!(
+        "Initialize serving vnode mapping snapshot for fragments {:?}.",
+        mappings.keys()
+    );
     notification_manager.notify_frontend_without_version(
         Operation::Snapshot,
         Info::ServingParallelUnitMappings(FragmentParallelUnitMappings {
@@ -155,22 +171,33 @@ pub(crate) async fn start_serving_vnode_mapping_worker<S: MetaStore>(
                                     }
                                     let workers = cluster_manager.list_active_serving_compute_nodes().await;
                                     let all_streaming_mappings = all_streaming_fragment_mappings(&fragment_manager).await;
-                                    let mappings = serving_vnode_mapping.upsert(all_streaming_mappings, &workers);
+                                    let (mappings, _) = serving_vnode_mapping.upsert(all_streaming_mappings, &workers);
+                                    tracing::info!("Update serving vnode mapping snapshot for fragments {:?}.", mappings.keys());
                                     notification_manager.notify_frontend_without_version(Operation::Snapshot, Info::ServingParallelUnitMappings(FragmentParallelUnitMappings{ mappings: to_fragment_parallel_unit_mapping(&mappings) }));
                                 }
-                                LocalNotification::FragmentsAdded(fragment_ids) => {
+                                LocalNotification::FragmentMappingsUpsert(fragment_ids) => {
+                                    if fragment_ids.is_empty() {
+                                        continue;
+                                    }
                                     let workers = cluster_manager.list_active_serving_compute_nodes().await;
                                     let added_streaming_mappings = all_streaming_fragment_mappings(&fragment_manager).await.into_iter().filter(|f|fragment_ids.contains(&f.fragment_id));
-                                    let mappings = serving_vnode_mapping.upsert(added_streaming_mappings, &workers);
-                                    notification_manager.notify_frontend_without_version(Operation::Update, Info::ServingParallelUnitMappings(FragmentParallelUnitMappings{ mappings: to_fragment_parallel_unit_mapping(&mappings) }));
+                                    let (upserted, failed) = serving_vnode_mapping.upsert(added_streaming_mappings, &workers);
+                                    if !upserted.is_empty() {
+                                        tracing::info!("Update serving vnode mapping for fragments {:?}.", upserted.keys());
+                                        notification_manager.notify_frontend_without_version(Operation::Update, Info::ServingParallelUnitMappings(FragmentParallelUnitMappings{ mappings: to_fragment_parallel_unit_mapping(&upserted) }));
+                                    }
+                                    if !failed.is_empty() {
+                                        tracing::info!("Fail to update serving vnode mapping for fragments {:?}.", failed);
+                                        notification_manager.notify_frontend_without_version(Operation::Delete, Info::ServingParallelUnitMappings(FragmentParallelUnitMappings{ mappings: to_deleted_fragment_parallel_unit_mapping(&failed)}));
+                                    }
                                 }
-                                LocalNotification::FragmentsDeleted(fragment_ids) => {
+                                LocalNotification::FragmentMappingsDelete(fragment_ids) => {
+                                    if fragment_ids.is_empty() {
+                                        continue;
+                                    }
+                                    tracing::info!("Delete serving vnode mapping for fragments {:?}.", fragment_ids);
                                     serving_vnode_mapping.remove(&fragment_ids);
-                                    let mappings = fragment_ids.into_iter().map(|fragment_id|FragmentParallelUnitMapping {
-                                        fragment_id,
-                                        mapping: None,
-                                    }).collect();
-                                    notification_manager.notify_frontend_without_version(Operation::Delete, Info::ServingParallelUnitMappings(FragmentParallelUnitMappings{ mappings }));
+                                    notification_manager.notify_frontend_without_version(Operation::Delete, Info::ServingParallelUnitMappings(FragmentParallelUnitMappings{ mappings: to_deleted_fragment_parallel_unit_mapping(&fragment_ids) }));
                                 }
                                 _ => {}
                             }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/fragment.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/fragment.rs
index 372b58e59795a..974586e227944 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/fragment.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/catalog/fragment.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ pub struct FragmentManagerCore {
 }
 
 impl FragmentManagerCore {
-    /// List all fragment vnode mapping info that not in `State::Initial`.
+    /// List all fragment vnode mapping info that excludes `exclude_state`.
     pub fn all_running_fragment_mappings(
         &self,
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = FragmentParallelUnitMapping> + '_ {
@@ -135,10 +135,37 @@ where
 
                 self.env
                     .notification_manager()
-                    .notify_frontend(operation, Info::ParallelUnitMapping(fragment_mapping))
+                    .notify_frontend(
+                        operation.clone(),
+                        Info::ParallelUnitMapping(fragment_mapping),
+                    )
                     .await;
             }
         }
+
+        // Update serving vnode mappings.
+        let fragment_ids = table_fragment.fragment_ids().collect();
+        match operation {
+            Operation::Add | Operation::Update => {
+                self.env
+                    .notification_manager()
+                    .notify_local_subscribers(LocalNotification::FragmentMappingsUpsert(
+                        fragment_ids,
+                    ))
+                    .await;
+            }
+            Operation::Delete => {
+                self.env
+                    .notification_manager()
+                    .notify_local_subscribers(LocalNotification::FragmentMappingsDelete(
+                        fragment_ids,
+                    ))
+                    .await;
+            }
+            _ => {
+                tracing::warn!("unexpected fragment mapping op");
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     pub async fn select_table_fragments_by_table_id(
@@ -179,15 +206,9 @@ where
         if map.contains_key(&table_id) {
             bail!("table_fragment already exist: id={}", table_id);
         }
-        let fragment_ids = table_fragment.fragment_ids().collect();
         let mut table_fragments = BTreeMapTransaction::new(map);
         table_fragments.insert(table_id, table_fragment);
-        commit_meta!(self, table_fragments)?;
-        self.env
-            .notification_manager()
-            .notify_local_subscribers(LocalNotification::FragmentsAdded(fragment_ids))
-            .await;
-        Ok(())
+        commit_meta!(self, table_fragments)
     }
 
     /// Called after the barrier collection of `CreateStreamingJob` command, which updates the
@@ -391,24 +412,12 @@ where
         }
         commit_meta!(self, table_fragments)?;
 
-        for table_fragments in &to_delete_table_fragments {
+        for table_fragments in to_delete_table_fragments {
             if table_fragments.state() != State::Initial {
-                self.notify_fragment_mapping(table_fragments, Operation::Delete)
+                self.notify_fragment_mapping(&table_fragments, Operation::Delete)
                     .await;
             }
         }
-        let all_deleted_fragment_ids = to_delete_table_fragments
-            .iter()
-            .flat_map(|t| t.fragment_ids())
-            .collect_vec();
-        if !all_deleted_fragment_ids.is_empty() {
-            self.env
-                .notification_manager()
-                .notify_local_subscribers(LocalNotification::FragmentsDeleted(
-                    all_deleted_fragment_ids,
-                ))
-                .await;
-        }
 
         Ok(())
     }
diff --git a/src/meta/src/manager/notification.rs b/src/meta/src/manager/notification.rs
index fa4f2341189ef..029948a7b6fb4 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/manager/notification.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/manager/notification.rs
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ pub enum LocalNotification {
     WorkerNodeActivated(WorkerNode),
     CompactionTaskNeedCancel(CompactTask),
     SystemParamsChange(SystemParamsReader),
-    FragmentsAdded(Vec<FragmentId>),
-    FragmentsDeleted(Vec<FragmentId>),
+    FragmentMappingsUpsert(Vec<FragmentId>),
+    FragmentMappingsDelete(Vec<FragmentId>),
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]