[v23.1.x] cloud_storage: Fix offset for leader epoch request for read-replica

[vbotbuildovich]

Backport #14403 to branch v23.1.x. Note that this issue was created as a placeholder, since the original PR's commit(s) could not be automatically cherry-picked.
Here are the commands to execute:

git checkout v23.1.x
git checkout -b vbotbuildovich/backport-14403-v23.1.x-850
git cherry-pick -x 209f170e9c935552b3114f490ec0432f938e8ce9 523bb5435c1d1c3ccc3aa2ca0b2aa2296c451b09

git push origin vbotbuildovich/backport-14403-v23.1.x-850
gh pr create \
  --title "[v23.1.x] cloud_storage: Fix offset for leader epoch request for read-replica" \
  --base "v23.1.x" \
  --label "kind/backport" \
  --head "vbotbuildovich/backport-14403-v23.1.x-850" \
  --draft \
  --repo "redpanda-data/redpanda" \
  --reviewer "" \
  --milestone "v23.1.x-next" \
  --body "Backport of PR https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/pull/14403 "