[v22.3.x] Revert "txn: update abort_old_txes to use locks"

[vbotbuildovich]

Backport #11474 to branch v22.3.x. Note that this issue was created as a placeholder, since the original PR's commit(s) could not be automatically cherry-picked.
Here are the commands to execute:

git checkout v22.3.x
git checkout -b vbotbuildovich/backport-11474-v22.3.x-215
git cherry-pick -x 6d86fc813fe526112d8aaccc3fda612342df1aab

git push origin vbotbuildovich/backport-11474-v22.3.x-215
gh pr create \
  --title "[v22.3.x] Revert "txn: update abort_old_txes to use locks"" \
  --base "v22.3.x" \
  --label "kind/backport" \
  --head "vbotbuildovich/backport-11474-v22.3.x-215" \
  --draft \
  --repo "redpanda-data/redpanda" \
  --reviewer "ztlpn" \
  --milestone "v22.3.x-next" \
  --body "Backport of PR https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/pull/11474 "