diff --git a/docs/development/test-vectors.rst b/docs/development/test-vectors.rst
index 1255688840f3..0b1f238ffaa2 100644
--- a/docs/development/test-vectors.rst
+++ b/docs/development/test-vectors.rst
@@ -72,12 +72,18 @@ Custom asymmetric vectors
 * ``asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/ec_public_key.pem`` and
   ``asymmetric/DER_Serialization/ec_public_key.der``- Contains the public key
   corresponding to ``ec_private_key.pem``, generated using OpenSSL.
+* ``asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/ec_public_key_rsa_delimiter.pem`` - Contains
+  the public key corresponding to ``ec_private_key.pem``, but with the wrong PEM
+  delimiter (``RSA PUBLIC KEY`` when it should be ``PUBLIC KEY``).
 * ``asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/rsa_private_key.pem`` - Contains an RSA 2048
   bit key generated using OpenSSL, protected by the secret "123456" with DES3
   encryption.
 * ``asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/rsa_public_key.pem`` and
   ``asymmetric/DER_Serialization/rsa_public_key.der``- Contains an RSA 2048
   bit public generated using OpenSSL from ``rsa_private_key.pem``.
+* ``asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/rsa_wrong_delimiter_public_key.pem`` - Contains
+  an RSA 2048 bit public key generated from ``rsa_private_key.pem``, but with
+  the wrong PEM delimiter (``RSA PUBLIC KEY`` when it should be ``PUBLIC KEY``).
 * ``asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/dsa_4096.pem`` - Contains a 4096-bit DSA
   private key generated using OpenSSL.
 * ``asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/dsaparam.pem`` - Contains 2048-bit DSA
diff --git a/src/rust/src/backend/keys.rs b/src/rust/src/backend/keys.rs
index bd3e8eb28e3b..ecdff5db6dcb 100644
--- a/src/rust/src/backend/keys.rs
+++ b/src/rust/src/backend/keys.rs
@@ -165,7 +165,26 @@ fn load_pem_public_key(
     let _ = backend;
     let p = pem::parse(data.as_bytes())?;
     let pkey = match p.tag() {
-        "RSA PUBLIC KEY" => cryptography_key_parsing::rsa::parse_pkcs1_public_key(p.contents())?,
+        "RSA PUBLIC KEY" => {
+            // We try to parse it as a PKCS1 first since that's the PEM delimiter, and if
+            // that fails we try to parse it as an SPKI. This is to match the permissiveness
+            // of OpenSSL, which doesn't care about the delimiter.
+            match cryptography_key_parsing::rsa::parse_pkcs1_public_key(p.contents()) {
+                Ok(pkey) => pkey,
+                Err(err) => {
+                    let pkey = cryptography_key_parsing::spki::parse_public_key(p.contents())
+                        .map_err(|_| err)?;
+                    if pkey.id() != openssl::pkey::Id::RSA {
+                        return Err(CryptographyError::from(
+                            pyo3::exceptions::PyValueError::new_err(
+                                "Incorrect PEM delimiter for key type.",
+                            ),
+                        ));
+                    }
+                    pkey
+                }
+            }
+        }
         "PUBLIC KEY" => cryptography_key_parsing::spki::parse_public_key(p.contents())?,
         _ => return Err(CryptographyError::from(pem::PemError::MalformedFraming)),
     };
diff --git a/tests/hazmat/primitives/test_serialization.py b/tests/hazmat/primitives/test_serialization.py
index 58693a4912d2..51fcc3563d8a 100644
--- a/tests/hazmat/primitives/test_serialization.py
+++ b/tests/hazmat/primitives/test_serialization.py
@@ -506,6 +506,11 @@ def test_load_pem_ec_private_key(self, key_path, password, backend):
                 "asymmetric", "PEM_Serialization", "rsa_public_key.pem"
             ),
             os.path.join("asymmetric", "public", "PKCS1", "rsa.pub.pem"),
+            os.path.join(
+                "asymmetric",
+                "PEM_Serialization",
+                "rsa_wrong_delimiter_public_key.pem",
+            ),
         ],
     )
     def test_load_pem_rsa_public_key(self, key_file, backend):
@@ -520,6 +525,17 @@ def test_load_pem_rsa_public_key(self, key_file, backend):
         numbers = key.public_numbers()
         assert numbers.e == 65537
 
+    def test_load_pem_public_fails_with_ec_key_with_rsa_delimiter(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            load_vectors_from_file(
+                os.path.join(
+                    "asymmetric",
+                    "PEM_Serialization",
+                    "ec_public_key_rsa_delimiter.pem",
+                ),
+                lambda pemfile: load_pem_public_key(pemfile.read().encode()),
+            )
+
     def test_load_priv_key_with_public_key_api_fails(
         self, rsa_key_2048, backend
     ):
diff --git a/vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/ec_public_key_rsa_delimiter.pem b/vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/ec_public_key_rsa_delimiter.pem
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..565ece176bf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/ec_public_key_rsa_delimiter.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY-----
+MFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAEJLzzbuz2tRnLFlOL+6bTX6giVavA
+sc6NDFFT0IMCd2ibTTNUDDkFGsgq0cH5JYPg/6xUlMBFKrWYe3yQ4has9w==
+-----END RSA PUBLIC KEY-----
diff --git a/vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/rsa_wrong_delimiter_public_key.pem b/vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/rsa_wrong_delimiter_public_key.pem
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..78053b4e6ed9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vectors/cryptography_vectors/asymmetric/PEM_Serialization/rsa_wrong_delimiter_public_key.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY-----
+MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAnR4AZ+tgWYql+S3MaTQ6
+zeIO1fKzFIoau9Q0zGuv/1oCAewXwxeDSSxw+/Z3GL1NpuuS9CpbR5EQ3d71bD0v
+0G+Sf+mShSl0oljG7YqnNSPzKl+EQ3/KE+eEButcwas6KGof2BA4bFNCw/fPbuhk
+u/d8sIIEgdzBMiGRMdW33uci3rsdOenMZQA7uWsM/q/pu85YLAVOxq6wlUCzP4FM
+Tw/RKzayrPkn3Jfbqcy1aM2HDlFVx24vaN+RRbPSnVoQbo5EQYkUMXE8WmadSyHl
+pXGRnWsJSV9AdGyDrbU+6tcFwcIwnW22jb/OJy8swHdqKGkuR1kQ0XqokK1yGKFZ
+8wIDAQAB
+-----END RSA PUBLIC KEY-----