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Testing Your Application

Learn how to test your Quarkus Application. This guide covers:

  • Testing in JVM mode

  • Testing in native mode

  • Injection of resources into tests

1. Prerequisites

To complete this guide, you need:

  • less than 15 minutes

  • an IDE

  • JDK 11+ installed with JAVA_HOME configured appropriately

  • Apache Maven {maven-version}

  • The completed greeter application from the Getting Started Guide

2. Architecture

In this guide, we expand on the initial test that was created as part of the Getting Started Guide. We cover injection into tests and also how to test native executables.

Note
 Quarkus supports Continuous testing, but this is covered by the Continuous Testing Guide.

3. Solution

We recommend that you follow the instructions in the next sections and create the application step by step. However, you can go right to the completed example.

Clone the Git repository: git clone {quickstarts-clone-url}, or download an {quickstarts-archive-url}[archive].

The solution is located in the getting-started-testing {quickstarts-tree-url}/getting-started-testing[directory].

This guide assumes you already have the completed application from the getting-started directory.

4. Recap of HTTP based Testing in JVM mode

If you have started from the Getting Started example you should already have a completed test, including the correct pom.xml setup.

In the pom.xml file you should see 2 test dependencies:

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
    <artifactId>quarkus-junit5</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.rest-assured</groupId>
    <artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

quarkus-junit5 is required for testing, as it provides the @QuarkusTest annotation that controls the testing framework. rest-assured is not required but is a convenient way to test HTTP endpoints, we also provide integration that automatically sets the correct URL so no configuration is required.

Because we are using JUnit 5, the version of the Surefire Maven Plugin must be set, as the default version does not support Junit 5:

<plugin>
    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>${surefire-plugin.version}</version>
    <configuration>
       <systemPropertyVariables>
          <java.util.logging.manager>org.jboss.logmanager.LogManager</java.util.logging.manager>
          <maven.home>${maven.home}</maven.home>
       </systemPropertyVariables>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

We also set the java.util.logging.manager system property to make sure tests will use the correct logmanager and maven.home to ensure that custom configuration from ${maven.home}/conf/settings.xml is applied (if any).

The project should also contain a simple test:

package org.acme.getting.started.testing;

import io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import java.util.UUID;

import static io.restassured.RestAssured.given;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;

@QuarkusTest
public class GreetingResourceTest {

    @Test
    public void testHelloEndpoint() {
        given()
          .when().get("/hello")
          .then()
             .statusCode(200)
             .body(is("hello"));
    }

    @Test
    public void testGreetingEndpoint() {
        String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        given()
          .pathParam("name", uuid)
          .when().get("/hello/greeting/{name}")
          .then()
            .statusCode(200)
            .body(is("hello " + uuid));
    }

}

This test uses HTTP to directly test our REST endpoint. When the test is run the application will be started before the test is run.

4.1. Controlling the test port

While Quarkus will listen on port 8080 by default, when running tests it defaults to 8081. This allows you to run tests while having the application running in parallel.

Tip
Changing the test port

You can configure the ports used by tests by configuring quarkus.http.test-port for HTTP and quarkus.http.test-ssl-port for HTTPS in your application.properties:

quarkus.http.test-port=8083
quarkus.http.test-ssl-port=8446

0 will result in the use of a random port (assigned by the operating system).

Quarkus also provides RestAssured integration that updates the default port used by RestAssured before the tests are run, so no additional configuration should be required.

4.2. Controlling HTTP interaction timeout

When using REST Assured in your test, the connection and response timeouts are set to 30 seconds. You can override this setting with the quarkus.http.test-timeout property:

quarkus.http.test-timeout=10s

4.3. Injecting a URI

It is also possible to directly inject the URL into the test which can make is easy to use a different client. This is done via the @TestHTTPResource annotation.

Let’s write a simple test that shows this off to load some static resources. First create a simple HTML file in src/main/resources/META-INF/resources/index.html :

<html>
    <head>
        <title>Testing Guide</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        Information about testing
    </body>
</html>

We will create a simple test to ensure that this is being served correctly:

package org.acme.getting.started.testing;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import io.quarkus.test.common.http.TestHTTPResource;
import io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTest;

@QuarkusTest
public class StaticContentTest {

    @TestHTTPResource("index.html") // (1)
    URL url;

    @Test
    public void testIndexHtml() throws Exception {
        try (InputStream in = url.openStream()) {
            String contents = readStream(in);
            Assertions.assertTrue(contents.contains("<title>Testing Guide</title>"));
        }
    }

    private static String readStream(InputStream in) throws IOException {
        byte[] data = new byte[1024];
        int r;
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        while ((r = in.read(data)) > 0) {
            out.write(data, 0, r);
        }
        return new String(out.toByteArray(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    }
}

  1. This annotation allows you to directly inject the URL of the Quarkus instance, the value of the annotation will be the path component of the URL

For now @TestHTTPResource allows you to inject URI, URL and String representations of the URL.

5. Testing a specific endpoint

Both RESTassured and @TestHTTPResource allow you to specify the endpoint class you are testing rather than hard coding a path. This currently supports both JAX-RS endpoints, Servlets and Reactive Routes. This makes it a lot easier to see exactly which endpoints a given test is testing.

For the purposes of these examples I am going to assume we have an endpoint that looks like the following:

@Path("/hello")
public class GreetingResource {

    @GET
    @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
    public String hello() {
        return "hello";
    }
}
Note
 This currently does not support the @ApplicationPath() annotation to set the JAX-RS context path. Use the quarkus.resteasy.path config value instead if you want a custom context path.

5.1. TestHTTPResource

You can the use the io.quarkus.test.common.http.TestHTTPEndpoint annotation to specify the endpoint path, and the path will be extracted from the provided endpoint. If you also specify a value for the TestHTTPResource endpoint it will be appended to the end of the endpoint path.

package org.acme.getting.started.testing;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import io.quarkus.test.common.http.TestHTTPEndpoint;
import io.quarkus.test.common.http.TestHTTPResource;
import io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTest;

@QuarkusTest
public class StaticContentTest {

    @TestHTTPEndpoint(GreetingResource.class)  // (1)
    @TestHTTPResource
    URL url;

    @Test
    public void testIndexHtml() throws Exception {
        try (InputStream in = url.openStream()) {
            String contents = readStream(in);
            Assertions.assertTrue(contents.equals("hello"));
        }
    }

    private static String readStream(InputStream in) throws IOException {
        byte[] data = new byte[1024];
        int r;
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        while ((r = in.read(data)) > 0) {
            out.write(data, 0, r);
        }
        return new String(out.toByteArray(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    }
}

  1. Because GreetingResource is annotated with @Path("/hello") the injected URL will end with /hello.

5.2. RESTassured

To control the RESTassured base path (i.e. the default path that serves as the root for every request) you can use the io.quarkus.test.common.http.TestHTTPEndpoint annotation. This can be applied at the class or method level. To test out greeting resource we would do:

package org.acme.getting.started.testing;

import io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTest;
import io.quarkus.test.common.http.TestHTTPEndpoint;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import java.util.UUID;

import static io.restassured.RestAssured.when;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;

@QuarkusTest
@TestHTTPEndpoint(GreetingResource.class) //(1)
public class GreetingResourceTest {

    @Test
    public void testHelloEndpoint() {
        when().get()    //(2)
          .then()
             .statusCode(200)
             .body(is("hello"));
    }
}

  1. This tells RESTAssured to prefix all requests with /hello.

  2. Note we don’t need to specify a path here, as /hello is the default for this test

6. Injection into tests

So far we have only covered integration style tests that test the app via HTTP endpoints, but what if we want to do unit testing and test our beans directly?

Quarkus supports this by allowing you to inject CDI beans into your tests via the @Inject annotation (in fact, tests in Quarkus are full CDI beans, so you can use all CDI functionality). Let’s create a simple test that tests the greeting service directly without using HTTP:

package org.acme.getting.started.testing;

import javax.inject.Inject;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTest;

@QuarkusTest
public class GreetingServiceTest {

    @Inject // (1)
    GreetingService service;

    @Test
    public void testGreetingService() {
        Assertions.assertEquals("hello Quarkus", service.greeting("Quarkus"));
    }
}

  1. The GreetingService bean will be injected into the test

7. Applying Interceptors to Tests

As mentioned above Quarkus tests are actually full CDI beans, and as such you can apply CDI interceptors as you would normally. As an example, if you want a test method to run within the context of a transaction you can simply apply the @Transactional annotation to the method and the transaction interceptor will handle it.

In addition to this you can also create your own test stereotypes. For example we could create a @TransactionalQuarkusTest as follows:

@QuarkusTest
@Stereotype
@Transactional
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
public @interface TransactionalQuarkusTest {
}

If we then apply this annotation to a test class it will act as if we had applied both the @QuarkusTest and @Transactional annotations, e.g.:

@TransactionalQuarkusTest
public class TestStereotypeTestCase {

    @Inject
    UserTransaction userTransaction;

    @Test
    public void testUserTransaction() throws Exception {
        Assertions.assertEquals(Status.STATUS_ACTIVE, userTransaction.getStatus());
    }

}

8. Tests and Transactions

You can use the standard Quarkus @Transactional annotation on tests, but this means that the changes your test makes to the database will be persistent. If you want any changes made to be rolled back at the end of the test you can use the io.quarkus.test.TestTransaction annotation. This will run the test method in a transaction, but roll it back once the test method is complete to revert any database changes.

9. Enrichment via QuarkusTest*Callback

Alternatively or additionally to an interceptor, you can enrich all your @QuarkusTest classes by implementing the following callback interfaces:

  • io.quarkus.test.junit.callback.QuarkusTestBeforeClassCallback

  • io.quarkus.test.junit.callback.QuarkusTestAfterConstructCallback

  • io.quarkus.test.junit.callback.QuarkusTestBeforeEachCallback

  • io.quarkus.test.junit.callback.QuarkusTestAfterEachCallback

Such a callback implementation has to be registered as a "service provider" as defined by java.util.ServiceLoader.

E.g. the following sample callback:

package org.acme.getting.started.testing;

import io.quarkus.test.junit.callback.QuarkusTestBeforeEachCallback;
import io.quarkus.test.junit.callback.QuarkusTestMethodContext;

public class MyQuarkusTestBeforeEachCallback implements QuarkusTestBeforeEachCallback {

    @Override
    public void beforeEach(QuarkusTestMethodContext context) {
        System.out.println("Executing " + context.getTestMethod());
    }
}

has to be registered via src/main/resources/META-INF/services/io.quarkus.test.junit.callback.QuarkusTestBeforeEachCallback as follows:

org.acme.getting.started.testing.MyQuarkusTestBeforeEachCallback
Tip
 It is possible to read annotations from the test class or method to control what the callback shall be doing.
Warning
 While it is possible to use JUnit Jupiter callback interfaces like BeforeEachCallback, you might run into classloading issues because Quarkus has to run tests in a custom classloader which JUnit is not aware of.

10. Testing Different Profiles

So far in all our examples we only start Quarkus once for all tests. Before the first test is run Quarkus will boot, then all tests will run, then Quarkus will shutdown at the end. This makes for a very fast testing experience however it is a bit limited as you can’t test different configurations.

To get around this Quarkus supports the idea of a test profile. If a test has a different profile to the previously run test then Quarkus will be shut down and started with the new profile before running the tests. This is obviously a bit slower, as it adds a shutdown/startup cycle to the test time, but gives a great deal of flexibility.

To reduce the amount of times Quarkus needs to restart, io.quarkus.test.junit.util.QuarkusTestProfileAwareClassOrderer is registered as a global ClassOrderer as described in the JUnit 5 User Guide. The behavior of this orderer is configurable via junit-platform.properties (see the source code or javadoc for more details). It can also be disabled entirely by setting another orderer that is provided by JUnit 5 or even your own custom one.
Please note that as of JUnit 5.8.2 only a single junit-platform.properties is picked up and a warning is logged if more than one is found. If you encounter such warnings, you can can get rid of them by removing the Quarkus-supplied junit-platform.properties from the classpath via an exclusion:

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
    <artifactId>quarkus-junit5</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
            <artifactId>quarkus-junit5-properties</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

10.1. Writing a Profile

To implement a test profile we need to implement io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTestProfile:

package org.acme.getting.started.testing;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTestProfile;
import io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTestProfile.TestResourceEntry;

public class MockGreetingProfile implements QuarkusTestProfile {

    /**
     * Returns additional config to be applied to the test. This
     * will override any existing config (including in application.properties),
     * however existing config will be merged with this (i.e. application.properties
     * config will still take effect, unless a specific config key has been overridden).
     *
     * Here we are changing the JAX-RS root path.
     */
    @Override
    public Map<String, String> getConfigOverrides() {
        return Collections.singletonMap("quarkus.resteasy.path","/api");
    }

    /**
     * Returns enabled alternatives.
     *
     * This has the same effect as setting the 'quarkus.arc.selected-alternatives' config key,
     * however it may be more convenient.
     */
    @Override
    public Set<Class<?>> getEnabledAlternatives() {
        return Collections.singleton(MockGreetingService.class);
    }

    /**
     * Allows the default config profile to be overridden. This basically just sets the quarkus.test.profile system
     * property before the test is run.
     *
     * Here we are setting the profile to test-mocked
     */
    @Override
    public String getConfigProfile() {
        return "test-mocked";
    }

    /**
     * Additional {@link QuarkusTestResourceLifecycleManager} classes (along with their init params) to be used from this
     * specific test profile.
     *
     * If this method is not overridden, then only the {@link QuarkusTestResourceLifecycleManager} classes enabled via the {@link io.quarkus.test.common.QuarkusTestResource} class
     * annotation will be used for the tests using this profile (which is the same behavior as tests that don't use a profile at all).
     */
    @Override
    public List<TestResourceEntry> testResources() {
        return Collections.singletonList(new TestResourceEntry(CustomWireMockServerManager.class)); (4)
    }


    /**
     * If this is returns true then only the test resources returned from {@link #testResources()} will be started,
     * global annotated test resources will be ignored.
     */
    default boolean disableGlobalTestResources() {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * The tags this profile is associated with.
     * When the {@code quarkus.test.profile.tags} System property is set (its value is a comma separated list of strings)
     * then Quarkus will only execute tests that are annotated with a {@code @TestProfile} that has at least one of the
     * supplied (via the aforementioned system property) tags.
     */
    default Set<String> tags() {
        return Collections.emptySet();
    }

    /**
     * The command line parameters that are passed to the main method on startup.
     */
    default String[] commandLineParameters() {
        return new String[0];
    }

    /**
     * If the main method should be run
     */
    default boolean runMainMethod() {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * If this method returns true then all {@code StartupEvent} and {@code ShutdownEvent} observers declared on application
     * beans should be disabled.
     */
    default boolean disableApplicationLifecycleObservers() {
        return false;
    }
}

Now we have defined our profile we need to include it on our test class. We do this with @TestProfile(MockGreetingProfile.class).

All the test profile config is stored in a single class, which makes it easy to tell if the previous test ran with the same configuration.

10.2. Running specific tests

Quarkus provides the ability to limit test execution to tests with specific @TestProfile annotations. This works by leveraging the tags method of QuarkusTestProfile in conjunction with the quarkus.test.profile.tags system property.

Essentially, any QuarkusTestProfile with at least one matching tag matching the value of quarkus.test.profile.tags will be considered active and all the tests annotated with @TestProfile of active profiles, will be run while the rest will be skipped. This is best shown in the following example.

First let’s define a few QuarkusTestProfile implementations like so:

public class Profiles {

    public static class NoTags implements QuarkusTestProfile {

    }

    public static class SingleTag implements QuarkusTestProfile {
        @Override
        public Set<String> tags() {
            return Collections.singleton("test1");
        }
    }

    public static class MultipleTags implements QuarkusTestProfile {
        @Override
        public Set<String> tags() {
            return new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("test1", "test2"));
        }
    }
}

Now let’s assume that we have the following tests:

@QuarkusTest
public class NoQuarkusProfileTest {

    @Test
    public void test() {
        // test something
    }
}
@QuarkusTest
@TestProfile(Profiles.NoTags.class)
public class NoTagsTest {

    @Test
    public void test() {
        // test something
    }
}
@QuarkusTest
@TestProfile(Profiles.SingleTag.class)
public class SingleTagTest {

    @Test
    public void test() {
        // test something
    }
}
@QuarkusTest
@TestProfile(Profiles.MultipleTags.class)
public class MultipleTagsTest {

    @Test
    public void test() {
        // test something
    }
}

Let’s consider the following scenarios:

  • quarkus.test.profile.tags is not set: All tests will be executed.

  • quarkus.test.profile.tags=foo: In this case none of tests will be executed because none of the tags defined on the QuarkusTestProfile implementations match the value of quarkus.test.profile.tags. Note that NoQuarkusProfileTest is not executed either because it is not annotated with @TestProfile.

  • quarkus.test.profile.tags=test1: In this case SingleTagTest and MultipleTagsTest will be run because the tags on their respective QuarkusTestProfile implementations match the value of quarkus.test.profile.tags.

  • quarkus.test.profile.tags=test1,test3: This case results in the same tests being executed as the previous case.

  • quarkus.test.profile.tags=test2,test3: In this case only MultipleTagsTest will be run because MultipleTagsTest is the only QuarkusTestProfile implementation whose tags method matches the value of quarkus.test.profile.tags.

11. Mock Support

Quarkus supports the use of mock objects using two different approaches. You can either use CDI alternatives to mock out a bean for all test classes, or use QuarkusMock to mock out beans on a per test basis.

11.1. CDI @Alternative mechanism.

To use this simply override the bean you wish to mock with a class in the src/test/java directory, and put the @Alternative and @Priority(1) annotations on the bean. Alternatively, a convenient io.quarkus.test.Mock stereotype annotation could be used. This built-in stereotype declares @Alternative, @Priority(1) and @Dependent. For example if I have the following service:

@ApplicationScoped
public class ExternalService {

    public String service() {
        return "external";
    }

}

I could mock it with the following class in src/test/java:

@Mock
@ApplicationScoped // (1)
public class MockExternalService extends ExternalService {

    @Override
    public String service() {
        return "mock";
    }
}

  1. Overrides the @Dependent scope declared on the @Mock stereotype.

It is important that the alternative be present in the src/test/java directory rather than src/main/java, as otherwise it will take effect all the time, not just when testing.

Note that at present this approach does not work with native image testing, as this would required the test alternatives to be baked into the native image.

11.2. Mocking using QuarkusMock

The io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusMock class can be used to temporarily mock out any normal scoped bean. If you use this method in a @BeforeAll method the mock will take effect for all tests on the current class, while if you use this in a test method the mock will only take effect for the duration of the current test.

This method can be used for any normal scoped CDI bean (e.g. @ApplicationScoped, @RequestScoped etc, basically every scope except @Singleton and @Dependent).

An example usage could look like:

@QuarkusTest
public class MockTestCase {

    @Inject
    MockableBean1 mockableBean1;

    @Inject
    MockableBean2 mockableBean2;

    @BeforeAll
    public static void setup() {
        MockableBean1 mock = Mockito.mock(MockableBean1.class);
        Mockito.when(mock.greet("Stuart")).thenReturn("A mock for Stuart");
        QuarkusMock.installMockForType(mock, MockableBean1.class);  // (1)
    }

    @Test
    public void testBeforeAll() {
        Assertions.assertEquals("A mock for Stuart", mockableBean1.greet("Stuart"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("Hello Stuart", mockableBean2.greet("Stuart"));
    }

    @Test
    public void testPerTestMock() {
        QuarkusMock.installMockForInstance(new BonjourGreeter(), mockableBean2); // (2)
        Assertions.assertEquals("A mock for Stuart", mockableBean1.greet("Stuart"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("Bonjour Stuart", mockableBean2.greet("Stuart"));
    }

    @ApplicationScoped
    public static class MockableBean1 {

        public String greet(String name) {
            return "Hello " + name;
        }
    }

    @ApplicationScoped
    public static class MockableBean2 {

        public String greet(String name) {
            return "Hello " + name;
        }
    }

    public static class BonjourGreeter extends MockableBean2 {
        @Override
        public String greet(String name) {
            return "Bonjour " + name;
        }
    }
}

  1. As the injected instance is not available here we use installMockForType, this mock is used for both test methods

  2. We use installMockForInstance to replace the injected bean, this takes effect for the duration of the test method.

Note that there is no dependency on Mockito, you can use any mocking library you like, or even manually override the objects to provide the behaviour you require.

Note
 Using @Inject will get you a CDI proxy to the mock instance you install, which is not suitable for passing to methods such as Mockito.verify which want the mock instance itself. So if you need to call methods such as verify you need to hang on to the mock instance in your test, or use @InjectMock as shown below.

11.2.1. Further simplification with @InjectMock

Building on the features provided by QuarkusMock, Quarkus also allows users to effortlessly take advantage of Mockito for mocking the beans supported by QuarkusMock. This functionality is available via the @io.quarkus.test.junit.mockito.InjectMock annotation which is available in the quarkus-junit5-mockito dependency.

Using @InjectMock, the previous example could be written as follows:

@QuarkusTest
public class MockTestCase {

    @InjectMock
    MockableBean1 mockableBean1; // (1)

    @InjectMock
    MockableBean2 mockableBean2;

    @BeforeEach
    public void setup() {
        Mockito.when(mockableBean1.greet("Stuart")).thenReturn("A mock for Stuart"); // (2)
    }

    @Test
    public void firstTest() {
        Assertions.assertEquals("A mock for Stuart", mockableBean1.greet("Stuart"));
        Assertions.assertEquals(null, mockableBean2.greet("Stuart")); // (3)
    }

    @Test
    public void secondTest() {
        Mockito.when(mockableBean2.greet("Stuart")).thenReturn("Bonjour Stuart"); // (4)
        Assertions.assertEquals("A mock for Stuart", mockableBean1.greet("Stuart"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("Bonjour Stuart", mockableBean2.greet("Stuart"));
    }

    @ApplicationScoped
    public static class MockableBean1 {

        public String greet(String name) {
            return "Hello " + name;
        }
    }

    @ApplicationScoped
    public static class MockableBean2 {

        public String greet(String name) {
            return "Hello " + name;
        }
    }
}

  1. @InjectMock results in a mock being and is available in test methods of the test class (other test classes are not affected by this)

  2. The mockableBean1 is configured here for every test method of the class

  3. Since the mockableBean2 mock has not been configured, it will return the default Mockito response.

  4. In this test the mockableBean2 is configured, so it returns the configured response.

Although the test above is good for showing the capabilities of @InjectMock, it is not a good representation of a real test. In a real test we would most likely configure a mock, but then test a bean that uses the mocked bean. Here is an example:

@QuarkusTest
public class MockGreetingServiceTest {

    @InjectMock
    GreetingService greetingService;

    @Test
    public void testGreeting() {
        when(greetingService.greet()).thenReturn("hi");
        given()
                .when().get("/greeting")
                .then()
                .statusCode(200)
                .body(is("hi")); // (1)
    }

    @Path("greeting")
    public static class GreetingResource {

        final GreetingService greetingService;

        public GreetingResource(GreetingService greetingService) {
            this.greetingService = greetingService;
        }

        @GET
        @Produces("text/plain")
        public String greet() {
            return greetingService.greet();
        }
    }

    @ApplicationScoped
    public static class GreetingService {
        public String greet(){
            return "hello";
        }
    }
}

  1. Since we configured greetingService as a mock, the GreetingResource which uses the GreetingService bean, we get the mocked response instead of the response of the regular GreetingService bean

11.2.2. Using Spies instead of Mocks with @InjectSpy

Building on the features provided by InjectMock, Quarkus also allows users to effortlessly take advantage of Mockito for spying on the beans supported by QuarkusMock. This functionality is available via the @io.quarkus.test.junit.mockito.InjectSpy annotation which is available in the quarkus-junit5-mockito dependency.

Sometimes when testing you only need to verify that a certain logical path was taken, or you only need to stub out a single method’s response while still executing the rest of the methods on the Spied clone. Please see Mockito documentation for more details on Spy partial mocks. In either of those situations a Spy of the object is preferable. Using @InjectSpy, the previous example could be written as follows:

@QuarkusTest
public class SpyGreetingServiceTest {

    @InjectSpy
    GreetingService greetingService;

    @Test
    public void testDefaultGreeting() {
        given()
                .when().get("/greeting")
                .then()
                .statusCode(200)
                .body(is("hello"));

        Mockito.verify(greetingService, Mockito.times(1)).greet(); (1)
    }

    @Test
    public void testOverrideGreeting() {
        when(greetingService.greet()).thenReturn("hi"); (2)
        given()
                .when().get("/greeting")
                .then()
                .statusCode(200)
                .body(is("hi")); (3)
    }

    @Path("greeting")
    public static class GreetingResource {

        final GreetingService greetingService;

        public GreetingResource(GreetingService greetingService) {
            this.greetingService = greetingService;
        }

        @GET
        @Produces("text/plain")
        public String greet() {
            return greetingService.greet();
        }
    }

    @ApplicationScoped
    public static class GreetingService {
        public String greet(){
            return "hello";
        }
    }
}

  1. Instead of overriding the value, we just want to ensure that the greet method on our GreetingService was called by this test.

  2. Here we are telling the Spy to return "hi" instead of "hello". When the GreetingResource requests the greeting from GreetingService we get the mocked response instead of the response of the regular GreetingService bean

  3. We are verifying that we get the mocked response from the Spy.

11.2.3. Using @InjectMock with @RestClient

The @RegisterRestClient registers the implementation of the rest-client at runtime, and because the bean needs to be a regular scope, you have to annotate your interface with @ApplicationScoped.

@Path("/")
@ApplicationScoped
@RegisterRestClient
public interface GreetingService {

    @GET
    @Path("/hello")
    @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
    String hello();
}

For the test class here is an example:

@QuarkusTest
public class GreetingResourceTest {

    @InjectMock
    @RestClient // (1)
    GreetingService greetingService;

    @Test
    public void testHelloEndpoint() {
        Mockito.when(greetingService.hello()).thenReturn("hello from mockito");

        given()
          .when().get("/hello")
          .then()
             .statusCode(200)
             .body(is("hello from mockito"));
    }

}

  1. Indicate that this injection point is meant to use an instance of RestClient.

11.3. Mocking with Panache

If you are using the quarkus-hibernate-orm-panache or quarkus-mongodb-panache extensions, check out the Hibernate ORM with Panache Mocking and MongoDB with Panache Mocking documentation for the easiest way to mock your data access.

12. Testing Security

If you are using Quarkus Security, check out the Testing Security section for information on how to easily test security features of the application.

13. Starting services before the Quarkus application starts

A very common need is to start some services on which your Quarkus application depends, before the Quarkus application starts for testing. To address this need, Quarkus provides @io.quarkus.test.common.QuarkusTestResource and io.quarkus.test.common.QuarkusTestResourceLifecycleManager.

By simply annotating any test in the test suite with @QuarkusTestResource, Quarkus will run the corresponding QuarkusTestResourceLifecycleManager before any tests are run. A test suite is also free to utilize multiple @QuarkusTestResource annotations, in which case all the corresponding QuarkusTestResourceLifecycleManager objects will be run before the tests. When using multiple test resources they can be started concurrently. For that you need to set @QuarkusTestResource(parallel = true).

Note
 test resources are global, even if they are defined on a test class or custom profile, which means they will all be activated for all tests, even though we do remove duplicates. If you want to only enable a test resource on a single test class or test profile, you can use @QuarkusTestResource(restrictToAnnotatedClass = true).

Quarkus provides a few implementations of QuarkusTestResourceLifecycleManager out of the box (see io.quarkus.test.h2.H2DatabaseTestResource which starts an H2 database, or io.quarkus.test.kubernetes.client.KubernetesServerTestResource which starts a mock Kubernetes API server), but it is common to create custom implementations to address specific application needs. Common cases include starting docker containers using Testcontainers (an example of which can be found here), or starting a mock HTTP server using Wiremock (an example of which can be found here).

13.1. Altering the test class

When creating a custom QuarkusTestResourceLifecycleManager that needs to inject the something into the test class, the inject methods can be used. If for example you have a test like the following:

@QuarkusTest
@QuarkusTestResource(MyWireMockResource.class)
public class MyTest {

    @InjectWireMock // this a custom annotation you are defining in your own application
    WireMockServer wireMockServer;

    @Test
    public someTest() {
        // control wiremock in some way and perform test
    }
}

Making MyWireMockResource inject the wireMockServer field can be done as shown in the inject method of the following code snippet:

public class MyWireMockResource implements QuarkusTestResourceLifecycleManager {

    WireMockServer wireMockServer;

    @Override
    public Map<String, String> start() {
        wireMockServer = new WireMockServer(8090);
        wireMockServer.start();

        // create some stubs

        return Map.of("some.service.url", "localhost:" + wireMockServer.port());
    }

    @Override
    public synchronized void stop() {
        if (wireMockServer != null) {
            wireMockServer.stop();
            wireMockServer = null;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void inject(TestInjector testInjector) {
        testInjector.injectIntoFields(wireMockServer, new TestInjector.AnnotatedAndMatchesType(InjectWireMock.class, WireMockServer.class));
    }
}
Important
 It is worth mentioning that this injection into the test class is not under the control of CDI and happens after CDI has performed any necessary injections into the test class.

13.2. Annotation-based test resources

It is possible to write test resources that are enabled and configured using annotations. This is enabled by placing the @QuarkusTestResource on an annotation which will be used to enable and configure the test resource.

For example, this defines the @WithKubernetesTestServer annotation, which you can use on your tests to activate the KubernetesServerTestResource, but only for the annotated test class. You can also place them on your QuarkusTestProfile test profiles.

@QuarkusTestResource(KubernetesServerTestResource.class)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
public @interface WithKubernetesTestServer {
    /**
     * Start it with HTTPS
     */
    boolean https() default false;

    /**
     * Start it in CRUD mode
     */
    boolean crud() default true;

    /**
     * Port to use, defaults to any available port
     */
    int port() default 0;
}

The KubernetesServerTestResource class has to implement the QuarkusTestResourceConfigurableLifecycleManager interface in order to be configured using the previous annotation:

public class KubernetesServerTestResource
        implements QuarkusTestResourceConfigurableLifecycleManager<WithKubernetesTestServer> {

    private boolean https = false;
    private boolean crud = true;
    private int port = 0;

    @Override
    public void init(WithKubernetesTestServer annotation) {
        this.https = annotation.https();
        this.crud = annotation.crud();
        this.port = annotation.port();
    }

    // ...
}

14. Hang Detection

@QuarkusTest has support for hang detection to help diagnose any unexpected hangs. If no progress is made for a specified time (i.e. no JUnit callbacks are invoked) then Quarkus will print a stack trace to the console to help diagnose the hang. The default value for this timeout is 10 minutes.

No further action will be taken, and the tests will continue as normal (generally until CI times out), however the printed stack traces should help diagnose why the build has failed. You can control this timeout with the quarkus.test.hang-detection-timeout system property (you can also set this in application.properties, but this won’t be read until Quarkus has started, so the timeout for Quarkus start will be the default of 10 minutes).

15. Native Executable Testing

It is also possible to test native executables using @NativeImageTest. This supports all the features mentioned in this guide except injecting into tests (and the native executable runs in a separate non-JVM process this is not really possible).

This is covered in the Native Executable Guide.

Warning

Although @NativeImageTest is not yet deprecated, it will be in the future as its functionality is covered by @QuarkusIntegrationTest which is described in the following section.

16. Using @QuarkusIntegrationTest

@QuarkusIntegrationTest should be used to launch and test the artifact produced by the Quarkus build, and supports testing a jar (of whichever type), a native image or container image. Put simply, this means that if the result of a Quarkus build (mvn package or gradle build) is a jar, that jar will be launched as java -jar …​ and tests run against it. If instead a native image was built, then the application is launched as ./application …​ and again the tests run against the running application. Finally, if a container image was created during the build (by including the quarkus-container-image-jib or quarkus-container-image-docker extensions and having the quarkus.container-image.build=true property configured), then a container is created and run (this requires the docker executable being present).

As is the case with @NativeImageTest, this is a black box test that supports the same set features and has the same limitations.

Note

As a test annotated with @QuarkusIntegrationTest tests the result of the build, it should be run as part of the integration test suite - i.e. via the maven-failsafe-plugin if using Maven or an additional task if using Gradle. These tests will not work if run in the same phase as @QuarkusTest as Quarkus has not yet created the final artifact.

16.1. Launching containers

When @QuarkusIntegrationTest results in launching a container (because the application was built with quarkus.container-image.build set to true), the container is launched on a predictable container network. This facilitates writing integration tests that need to launch services to support the application. This means that @QuarkusIntegrationTest works out of the box with containers launched via Dev Services, but it also means that it enables using QuarkusTestLifecycleManager resources that launch additional containers. This can be achieved by having your QuarkusTestLifecycleManager implement io.quarkus.test.common.DevServicesContext.ContextAware. A simple example could be the following:

import io.quarkus.test.common.DevServicesContext;
import io.quarkus.test.common.QuarkusTestResourceLifecycleManager;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;

public class CustomResource implements QuarkusTestResourceLifecycleManager, DevServicesContext.ContextAware {

    private Optional<String> containerNetworkId;

    @Override
    public void setIntegrationTestContext(DevServicesContext context) {
        containerNetworkId = context.containerNetworkId();
    }

    @Override
    public Map<String, String> start() {
        // start a container making sure to call withNetworkMode() with the value of containerNetworkId if present

        // return a map containing the configuration the application needs to use the service
        return new HashMap<>();
    }

    @Override
    public void stop() {
        // close container
    }
}

CustomResource would be activated on a @QuarkusIntegrationTest using @QuarkusTestResource as is described in the corresponding section of this doc.

16.2. Executing against a running application

Warning

This feature is considered experimental and is likely to change in future versions of Quarkus.

@QuarkusIntegrationTest supports executing tests against an already running instance of the application. This can be achieved by setting the quarkus.http.test-host system property when running the tests.

An example use of this could be the following Maven command, that forces @QuarkusIntegrationTest to execute against that is accessible at http://1.2.3.4:4321:

./mvnw verify -Dquarkus.http.test-host=1.2.3.4 -Dquarkus.http.test-port=4321

17. Mixing @QuarkusTest with other type of tests

Mixing tests annotated with @QuarkusTest with tests annotated with either @QuarkusDevModeTest, @QuarkusProdModeTest or @QuarkusUnitTest is not allowed in a single execution run (in a single Maven Surefire Plugin execution, for instance), while the latter three can coexist.

The reason of this restriction is that @QuarkusTest starts a Quarkus server for the whole lifetime of the tests execution run, thus preventing the other tests to start their own Quarkus server.

To alleviate this restriction, the @QuarkusTest annotation defines a JUnit 5 @Tag: io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTest. You can use this tag to isolate the @QuarkusTest test in a specific execution run, for example with the Maven Surefire Plugin:

<plugin>
    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>${surefire-plugin.version}</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>default-test</id>
            <goals>
                <goal>test</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <excludedGroups>io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTest</excludedGroups>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
        <execution>
            <id>quarkus-test</id>
            <goals>
                <goal>test</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <groups>io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTest</groups>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
    <configuration>
        <systemProperties>
            <java.util.logging.manager>org.jboss.logmanager.LogManager</java.util.logging.manager>
        </systemProperties>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

18. Running @QuarkusTest from an IDE

Most IDEs offer the possibility to run a selected class as a JUnit test directly. For this you should set a few properties in the settings of your chosen IDE:

  • java.util.logging.manager (see Logging Guide)

  • maven.home (only if there are any custom settings in ${maven.home}/conf/settings.xml, see Maven Guide)

  • maven.settings (in case a custom version of settings.xml file should be used for the tests)

18.1. Eclipse separate JRE definition

Copy your current "Installed JRE" definition into a new one, where you will add the properties as a new VM arguments:

  • -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.jboss.logmanager.LogManager

  • -Dmaven.home=<path-to-your-maven-installation>

Use this JRE definition as your Quarkus project targeted runtime and the workaround will be applied to any "Run as JUnit" configuration.

18.2. VSCode "run with" configuration

The settings.json placed in the root of your project directory or in the workspace will need the following workaround in your test configuration:

"java.test.config": [
    {
        "name": "quarkusConfiguration",
        "vmargs": [ "-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.jboss.logmanager.LogManager -Dmaven.home=<path-to-your-maven-installation> ..." ],
        ...
    },
  ...
]

18.3. IntelliJ JUnit template

Nothing needed in IntelliJ because the IDE will pick the systemPropertyVariables from the surefire plugin configuration in pom.xml.

19. Testing Dev Services

By default tests should just work with Dev Services, however from some use cases you may need access to the automatically configured properties in your tests.

You can do this with io.quarkus.test.common.DevServicesContext, which can be injected directly into any @QuarkusTest or @QuarkusIntegrationTest. All you need to do is define a field of type DevServicesContext and it will be automatically injected. Using this you can retrieve any properties that have been set. Generally this is used to directly connect to a resource from the test itself, e.g. to connect to kafka to send messages to the application under test.

Injection is also supported into objects that implement io.quarkus.test.common.DevServicesContext.ContextAware. If you have a field that implements io.quarkus.test.common.DevServicesContext.ContextAware Quarkus will call the setIntegrationTestContext method to pass the context into this object. This allows client logic to be encapsulated in a utility class.

QuarkusTestResourceLifecycleManager implementations can also implement ContextAware to get access to these properties, which allows you to setup the resource before Quarkus starts (e.g. configure a KeyCloak instance, add data to a database etc).

Note

For @QuarkusIntegrationTest tests that result in launcher the application as a container, io.quarkus.test.common.DevServicesContext also provides access to the id of the container network on which the application container was launched (via the containerNetworkId method). This can be used by QuarkusTestResourceLifecycleManager that need to launch additional containers that the application will communicate with.