Add protocol for calibration of pulse to generate state 2

[andrea-pasquale]

This PR adds two protocols:

• Qubit spectroscopy EF to estimate the frequency of the 1->2 transition (or the anharmonicity)
• Rabi amplitude EF to calibrate the amplitude necessary to produce state 2 starting from 1

Checklist:

• Reviewers confirm new code works as expected.
• Tests are passing.
• Coverage does not decrease.
• Documentation is updated.
• Compatibility with Qibo modules (Please edit this section if the current pull request is not compatible with the following branches).
  • Qibo: master
  • Qibolab: main
  • Qibolab_platforms_qrc: main

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #539 (86c6741) into main (e322b4e) will increase coverage by 0.06%.
The diff coverage is 99.22%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #539      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   95.95%   96.02%   +0.06%     
==========================================
  Files          88       90       +2     
  Lines        5939     6062     +123     
==========================================
+ Hits         5699     5821     +122     
- Misses        240      241       +1     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	96.02% <99.22%> (+0.06%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Files	Coverage Δ
src/qibocal/protocols/characterization/__init__.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
.../qibocal/protocols/characterization/allxy/allxy.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
src/qibocal/protocols/characterization/rabi/ef.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...c/qibocal/protocols/characterization/rabi/utils.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...racterization/two_qubit_interaction/cz_virtualz.py	96.24% <100.00%> (-0.03%)	⬇️
src/qibocal/update.py	95.65% <100.00%> (+0.19%)	⬆️
...rotocols/characterization/qubit_spectroscopy_ef.py	98.50% <98.50%> (ø)

[andrea-pasquale]

Tested on qw5q_gold.

Seems to be working as expected! We should be able to produce state 2 now.

[GabrielePalazzo]

Code-wise it all seems correct to me. I'll do some tests tomorrow.