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In night-time geo_color, mid-level clouds give false impression of clear-sky conditions #2947
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I definitely agree that we can improve the transparency of the high cloud layer to avoid having fully or almost fully transparent clouds. Something similar to the IR image you show would maybe be better. The same comment has been raised by Ivan who is using EUMETView, where the same recipe is used. so we could try to converge on an optimal transparency together with him, since he has a lot of experience with RGBs and also quite some interaction with users. However, I'm actually not convinced that the masked low-level clouds is (only) because of the high-level clouds. I rather think that the IR3.8-IR10.5 test used to detect low-level clouds at night struggles at twilight, when we start to get solar contribution.. Perhaps we should try using the IR3.8 BT data corrected for the solar contribution, because we have something like that in Satpy, right? I'm not sure if I agree with this being a bug, but yeah certainly room for improvement. |
This is 210/230 (this is the default): We do have the File "/data/gholl/mambaforge/envs/py312/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyspectral/near_infrared_reflectance.py", line 267, in reflectance_from_tbs
self.derive_rad39_corr(tb_therm, tbco2)
File "/data/gholl/mambaforge/envs/py312/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyspectral/near_infrared_reflectance.py", line 159, in derive_rad39_corr
self._rad3x_correction = (bt11 - 0.25 * (bt11 - bt13)) ** 4 / bt11 ** 4
~~~~~^~~~~~
File "/data/gholl/mambaforge/envs/py312/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dask/array/core.py", line 215, in wrapper
return f(self, other)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/data/gholl/mambaforge/envs/py312/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dask/array/core.py", line 2400, in __sub__
return elemwise(operator.sub, self, other)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/data/gholl/mambaforge/envs/py312/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dask/array/core.py", line 4823, in elemwise
broadcast_shapes(*shapes)
File "/data/gholl/mambaforge/envs/py312/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dask/array/core.py", line 4751, in broadcast_shapes
raise ValueError(
ValueError: operands could not be broadcast together with shapes (11136, 11136) (5568, 5568) |
Using only FDHSI to avoid #2460, applying
|
Describe the bug
For the night part, the
geo_color
composite uses a blending ofgeo_color_high_clouds
andgeo_color_low_clouds
. For the high clouds, brightness temperature is shown as transparency usingHighCloudCompositor
/CloudCompositor
, where 300 K are fully transparent (not a high cloud) and a latitude-dependent threshold (either 210 K or 230 K) are fully opaque / white.When mid-level clouds cover low-level clouds, those mid-level clouds are shown mostly transparent. However, they are actually opaque, and it is unknowable whether low-level clouds exist underneath the mid-level clouds. By displaying opaque clouds as semi- or even nearly fully transparent, the user may be misled to believe there are clear-sky conditions.
An example can be seen on 2024-10-15 over Central Europe. At 04:20, low clouds cover valleys in German mountain valleys:
By 06:00, advection of mid-level clouds looks just like the fog is dissipating. Note that the mid-level clouds themselves are nearly invisible in this visualisation, but the city lights underneath are clearly shown.
After sunrise, at 07:20, we can see that actually, the low-level clouds didn't go anywhere, and are partially covered by higher clouds, now clearly visible in the true colour:
For additional views or videos, see eumetview.
To Reproduce
Expected behaviour
I expect that any (image) product clearly shows the difference between clear sky conditions and uncertain conditions. The mid-level clouds are not undetected; in fact, looking at infrared imagery at 06:00, they are clearly detectable:
So this is a visualisation problem, raising the question if it really is a good idea to scale high clouds by transparency in this case.
Actual results
See above.
Environment Info:
Additional context
I realise this problem is not easy to solve, but I think it is dangerous to present the product to forecasters in this way. One can of course warn about this problem in training, but that will get lost over time (forecasters have a lot of products to keep in mind), and in particular the city lights give the impression of clear-sky conditions where there are not (users need to remember that the city lights are a static background image). I expect users might falsely conclude that fog conditions have lifted.
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