diff --git a/Lib/test/test_frame.py b/Lib/test/test_frame.py
index ca88e657367d9a..32de8ed9a13f80 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_frame.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_frame.py
@@ -494,6 +494,27 @@ class ObjectSubclass:
                 with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
                     proxy[obj] = 0
 
+    def test_constructor(self):
+        FrameLocalsProxy = type([sys._getframe().f_locals
+                                 for x in range(1)][0])
+        self.assertEqual(FrameLocalsProxy.__name__, 'FrameLocalsProxy')
+
+        def make_frame():
+            x = 1
+            y = 2
+            return sys._getframe()
+
+        proxy = FrameLocalsProxy(make_frame())
+        self.assertEqual(proxy, {'x': 1, 'y': 2})
+
+        # constructor expects 1 frame argument
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            FrameLocalsProxy()     # no arguments
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            FrameLocalsProxy(123)  # wrong type
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            FrameLocalsProxy(frame=sys._getframe())  # no keyword arguments
+
 
 class FrameLocalsProxyMappingTests(mapping_tests.TestHashMappingProtocol):
     """Test that FrameLocalsProxy behaves like a Mapping (with exceptions)"""
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-09-25-14-45-56.gh-issue-124513.ywiXtr.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-09-25-14-45-56.gh-issue-124513.ywiXtr.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..691e03b3b98e7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-09-25-14-45-56.gh-issue-124513.ywiXtr.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix a crash in FrameLocalsProxy constructor: check the number of arguments.
+Patch by Victor Stinner.
diff --git a/Objects/frameobject.c b/Objects/frameobject.c
index 9f1c031dcb9a9d..f3a66ffc9aac8f 100644
--- a/Objects/frameobject.c
+++ b/Objects/frameobject.c
@@ -310,14 +310,31 @@ framelocalsproxy_dealloc(PyObject *self)
 static PyObject *
 framelocalsproxy_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
+    if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) != 1) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "FrameLocalsProxy expected 1 argument, got %zd",
+                     PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args));
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0);
+
+    if (!PyFrame_Check(item)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expect frame, not %T", item);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyFrameObject *frame = (PyFrameObject*)item;
+
+    if (kwds != NULL && PyDict_Size(kwds) != 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "FrameLocalsProxy takes no keyword arguments");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     PyFrameLocalsProxyObject *self = (PyFrameLocalsProxyObject *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
     if (self == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    PyFrameObject *frame = (PyFrameObject*)PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0);
-    assert(PyFrame_Check(frame));
-
     ((PyFrameLocalsProxyObject*)self)->frame = (PyFrameObject*)Py_NewRef(frame);
 
     return (PyObject *)self;