diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 074943ec63..3cdc72e675 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -184,7 +184,8 @@ jobs:
         # can't use setup-python because that python doesn't seem to work;
         # `python3-dev` (rather than `python:alpine`) for some ctypes reason,
         # `nodejs` for pyright (`node-env` pulls in nodejs but that takes a while and can time out the test).
-        run: apk update && apk add python3-dev bash nodejs
+        # `perl` for a platform independent `sed -i` alternative
+        run: apk update && apk add python3-dev bash nodejs perl
       - name: Enter virtual environment
         run: python -m venv .venv
       - name: Run tests
diff --git a/ci.sh b/ci.sh
index ef3dee55ca..83ec65748b 100755
--- a/ci.sh
+++ b/ci.sh
@@ -116,13 +116,13 @@ else
     echo "::group::Setup for tests"
 
     # We run the tests from inside an empty directory, to make sure Python
-    # doesn't pick up any .py files from our working dir. Might have been
-    # pre-created by some of the code above.
+    # doesn't pick up any .py files from our working dir. Might have already
+    # been created by a previous run.
     mkdir empty || true
     cd empty
 
     INSTALLDIR=$(python -c "import os, trio; print(os.path.dirname(trio.__file__))")
-    cp ../pyproject.toml "$INSTALLDIR"
+    cp ../pyproject.toml "$INSTALLDIR"  # TODO: remove this
 
     # get mypy tests a nice cache
     MYPYPATH=".." mypy --config-file= --cache-dir=./.mypy_cache -c "import trio" >/dev/null 2>/dev/null || true
@@ -130,9 +130,15 @@ else
     # support subprocess spawning with coverage.py
     echo "import coverage; coverage.process_startup()" | tee -a "$INSTALLDIR/../sitecustomize.py"
 
+    perl -i -pe 's/-p trio\._tests\.pytest_plugin//' "$INSTALLDIR/pyproject.toml"
+
     echo "::endgroup::"
     echo "::group:: Run Tests"
-    if COVERAGE_PROCESS_START=$(pwd)/../pyproject.toml coverage run --rcfile=../pyproject.toml -m pytest -ra --junitxml=../test-results.xml --run-slow "${INSTALLDIR}" --verbose --durations=10 $flags; then
+    if PYTHONPATH=../tests COVERAGE_PROCESS_START=$(pwd)/../pyproject.toml \
+            coverage run --rcfile=../pyproject.toml -m \
+            pytest -ra --junitxml=../test-results.xml \
+            -p _trio_check_attrs_aliases --verbose --durations=10 \
+            -p trio._tests.pytest_plugin --run-slow $flags "${INSTALLDIR}"; then
         PASSED=true
     else
         PASSED=false
diff --git a/newsfragments/3114.bugfix.rst b/newsfragments/3114.bugfix.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2f07712199
--- /dev/null
+++ b/newsfragments/3114.bugfix.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Ensure that Pyright recognizes our underscore prefixed attributes for attrs classes.
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index ff4aa34600..b0a8ad5baf 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ reportUnnecessaryTypeIgnoreComment = true
 typeCheckingMode = "strict"
 
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
-addopts = ["--strict-markers", "--strict-config", "-p trio._tests.pytest_plugin"]
+addopts = ["--strict-markers", "--strict-config", "-p trio._tests.pytest_plugin", "--import-mode=importlib"]
 faulthandler_timeout = 60
 filterwarnings = [
   "error",
diff --git a/src/trio/_core/_local.py b/src/trio/_core/_local.py
index 53cbfc135e..141a30b520 100644
--- a/src/trio/_core/_local.py
+++ b/src/trio/_core/_local.py
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ class RunVar(Generic[T]):
 
     """
 
-    _name: str
-    _default: T | type[_NoValue] = _NoValue
+    _name: str = attrs.field(alias="name")
+    _default: T | type[_NoValue] = attrs.field(default=_NoValue, alias="default")
 
     def get(self, default: T | type[_NoValue] = _NoValue) -> T:
         """Gets the value of this :class:`RunVar` for the current run call."""
diff --git a/src/trio/_core/_run.py b/src/trio/_core/_run.py
index cba7a8dec0..f141685eba 100644
--- a/src/trio/_core/_run.py
+++ b/src/trio/_core/_run.py
@@ -544,9 +544,13 @@ class CancelScope:
     cancelled_caught: bool = attrs.field(default=False, init=False)
 
     # Constructor arguments:
-    _relative_deadline: float = attrs.field(default=inf, kw_only=True)
-    _deadline: float = attrs.field(default=inf, kw_only=True)
-    _shield: bool = attrs.field(default=False, kw_only=True)
+    _relative_deadline: float = attrs.field(
+        default=inf,
+        kw_only=True,
+        alias="relative_deadline",
+    )
+    _deadline: float = attrs.field(default=inf, kw_only=True, alias="deadline")
+    _shield: bool = attrs.field(default=False, kw_only=True, alias="shield")
 
     def __attrs_post_init__(self) -> None:
         if isnan(self._deadline):
diff --git a/src/trio/_core/_tests/tutil.py b/src/trio/_core/_tests/tutil.py
index 81370ed76e..063fa1dd80 100644
--- a/src/trio/_core/_tests/tutil.py
+++ b/src/trio/_core/_tests/tutil.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 import pytest
 
-# See trio/_tests/conftest.py for the other half of this
+# See trio/_tests/pytest_plugin.py for the other half of this
 from trio._tests.pytest_plugin import RUN_SLOW
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
diff --git a/src/trio/_tests/test_exports.py b/src/trio/_tests/test_exports.py
index a463b778f9..cf34dc8a25 100644
--- a/src/trio/_tests/test_exports.py
+++ b/src/trio/_tests/test_exports.py
@@ -19,11 +19,10 @@
 
 import trio
 import trio.testing
-from trio._tests.pytest_plugin import skip_if_optional_else_raise
+from trio._tests.pytest_plugin import RUN_SLOW, skip_if_optional_else_raise
 
 from .. import _core, _util
 from .._core._tests.tutil import slow
-from .pytest_plugin import RUN_SLOW
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator
@@ -572,3 +571,37 @@ def test_classes_are_final() -> None:
                 continue
 
             assert class_is_final(class_)
+
+
+# Plugin might not be running, especially if running from an installed version.
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not hasattr(attrs.field, "trio_modded"),
+    reason="Pytest plugin not installed.",
+)
+def test_pyright_recognizes_init_attributes() -> None:
+    """Check whether we provide `alias` for all underscore prefixed attributes.
+
+    Attrs always sets the `alias` attribute on fields, so a pytest plugin is used
+    to monkeypatch `field()` to record whether an alias was defined in the metadata.
+    See `_trio_check_attrs_aliases`.
+    """
+    for module in PUBLIC_MODULES:
+        for class_ in module.__dict__.values():
+            if not attrs.has(class_):
+                continue
+            if isinstance(class_, _util.NoPublicConstructor):
+                continue
+
+            attributes = [
+                attr
+                for attr in attrs.fields(class_)
+                if attr.init
+                if attr.alias
+                not in (
+                    attr.name,
+                    # trio_original_args may not be present in autoattribs
+                    attr.metadata.get("trio_original_args", {}).get("alias"),
+                )
+            ]
+
+            assert attributes == [], class_
diff --git a/tests/_trio_check_attrs_aliases.py b/tests/_trio_check_attrs_aliases.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b4a339dabc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_trio_check_attrs_aliases.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+"""Plugins are executed by Pytest before test modules.
+
+We use this to monkeypatch attrs.field(), so that we can detect if aliases are used for test_exports.
+"""
+
+from typing import Any
+
+import attrs
+
+orig_field = attrs.field
+
+
+def field(**kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+    original_args = kwargs.copy()
+    metadata = kwargs.setdefault("metadata", {})
+    metadata["trio_original_args"] = original_args
+    return orig_field(**kwargs)
+
+
+# Mark it as being ours, so the test knows it can actually run.
+field.trio_modded = True  # type: ignore
+attrs.field = field