diff --git a/changelog/5606.bugfix.rst b/changelog/5606.bugfix.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..82332ba9972
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/5606.bugfix.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fixed internal error when test functions were patched with objects that cannot be compared
+for truth values against others, like ``numpy`` arrays.
diff --git a/src/_pytest/compat.py b/src/_pytest/compat.py
index d238061b4ab..baa84bd4b87 100644
--- a/src/_pytest/compat.py
+++ b/src/_pytest/compat.py
@@ -67,8 +67,17 @@ def num_mock_patch_args(function):
     mock_modules = [sys.modules.get("mock"), sys.modules.get("unittest.mock")]
     if any(mock_modules):
         sentinels = [m.DEFAULT for m in mock_modules if m is not None]
+
+        def check_is_sentinel(o):
+            """Check if the given object is a mock sentinel by identity to avoid possible
+            problematic comparisons (#5606)"""
+            for sentinel in sentinels:
+                if o is sentinel:
+                    return True
+            return False
+
         return len(
-            [p for p in patchings if not p.attribute_name and p.new in sentinels]
+            [p for p in patchings if not p.attribute_name and check_is_sentinel(p.new)]
         )
     return len(patchings)
 
diff --git a/testing/python/integration.py b/testing/python/integration.py
index 0b87fea3327..3ea95b3d55c 100644
--- a/testing/python/integration.py
+++ b/testing/python/integration.py
@@ -187,6 +187,37 @@ def test_hello_mock(self, abspath):
         reprec = testdir.inline_run()
         reprec.assertoutcome(passed=2)
 
+    def test_mock_sentinel_check_against_numpy_like(self, testdir):
+        """Ensure our function that detects mock arguments compares against sentinels using
+        identity to circumvent objects which can't be compared with equality against others
+        in a truth context, like with numpy arrays (#5606).
+        """
+        testdir.makepyfile(
+            dummy="""
+            class NumpyLike:
+                def __init__(self, value):
+                    self.value = value
+
+                def __eq__(self, other):
+                    raise ValueError("like numpy, cannot compare against others for truth")
+
+            FOO = NumpyLike(10)
+        """
+        )
+        testdir.syspathinsert()
+        testdir.makepyfile(
+            """
+            from unittest.mock import patch
+            import dummy
+            class Test(object):
+                @patch("dummy.FOO", new=dummy.NumpyLike(50))
+                def test_hello(self):
+                    assert dummy.FOO.value == 50
+        """
+        )
+        reprec = testdir.inline_run()
+        reprec.assertoutcome(passed=1)
+
     def test_mock(self, testdir):
         pytest.importorskip("mock", "1.0.1")
         testdir.makepyfile(