chore: rework rust installation

[rjaegers]

Pull Request

Description of changes

This PR reworks the rust installation for Ubuntu 24.04. Several changes are included:

• rustup is installed via apt, as it is now part of the 24.04 packages
• rust is installed with the minimal profile, excluding docs, reducing image size with 700M
• additional rust tools are installed with cargo-binstall, removing the need for compilation from source

Checklist

• I have followed the contribution guidelines for this repository
• I have added tests for new behavior, and have not broken any existing tests
• I have added or updated relevant documentation
• I have verified that all added components are accounted for in the SBOM

[github-actions]

🦙 MegaLinter status: ✅ SUCCESS

Descriptor	Linter	Files	Fixed	Errors	Elapsed time
✅ ACTION	actionlint	14		0	0.06s
✅ DOCKERFILE	hadolint	2		0	0.48s
✅ JSON	prettier	11	0	0	0.95s
✅ JSON	v8r	10		0	4.5s
✅ MARKDOWN	markdownlint	8	0	0	1.1s
✅ MARKDOWN	markdown-table-formatter	8	0	0	0.3s
✅ REPOSITORY	checkov	yes		no	16.85s
✅ REPOSITORY	gitleaks	yes		no	0.35s
✅ REPOSITORY	git_diff	yes		no	0.02s
✅ REPOSITORY	grype	yes		no	15.05s
✅ REPOSITORY	secretlint	yes		no	1.6s
✅ REPOSITORY	trivy	yes		no	12.09s
✅ REPOSITORY	trivy-sbom	yes		no	2.54s
✅ REPOSITORY	trufflehog	yes		no	2.65s
✅ SPELL	lychee	48		0	2.12s
✅ YAML	prettier	19	0	0	1.19s
✅ YAML	v8r	19		0	10.94s
✅ YAML	yamllint	19		0	0.39s

See detailed report in MegaLinter reports

MegaLinter is graciously provided by

[github-actions]

Compressed layer size comparison

Comparing ghcr.io/philips-software/amp-devcontainer-cpp:latest to ghcr.io/philips-software/amp-devcontainer-cpp@sha256:b61b79775b32195fcaae6b80a0b5e92021b1d9a3c07c21622fbfebb19d1cff20

OS/Platform	Previous Size	Current Size	Delta
linux/amd64	632.00M	632.12M	124.94K (+0.02%)
linux/arm64	624.80M	624.85M	48.85K (+0.01%)

[github-actions]

Test Results

 2 files  ±0   2 suites  ±0   51s ⏱️ ±0s
26 tests ±0  26 ✅ ±0  0 💤 ±0  0 ❌ ±0 
28 runs  ±0  28 ✅ ±0  0 💤 ±0  0 ❌ ±0 

Results for commit 80051be. ± Comparison against base commit d2903c0.

♻️ This comment has been updated with latest results.

[sonarcloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
No data about Coverage
No data about Duplication

See analysis details on SonarCloud

[github-actions]

Compressed layer size comparison

Comparing ghcr.io/philips-software/amp-devcontainer-rust:latest to ghcr.io/philips-software/amp-devcontainer-rust@sha256:986479f79734eb83c91065af2f819842675681bb01112a26ed447f3f937aeb26

OS/Platform	Previous Size	Current Size	Delta
linux/amd64	491.81M	427.01M	-64.80M (-13.17%)
linux/arm64	630.31M	566.46M	-63.86M (-10.13%)

[github-actions]

Pull Request Report (#426)

Static measures

Description	Value
Number of added lines	27
Number of deleted lines	28
Number of changed files	5
Number of commits	4
Number of reviews	1
Number of comments (w/o review comments)	5
Number of reviews that contains a comment to resolve	0
Number of reviews that requested a change from the author	0
Number of reviews that approved the Pull Request	1
Get the total number of participants of a Pull Request	4

Time related measures

Description	Value
PR lead time (from creation to close of PR)	3 Hours
Time that was spend on the branch before the PR was created	5.5 Min
Time that was spend on the branch before the PR was merged	3.1 Hours
Time to merge after last review	10.3 Min

Status check related measures

Description	Value
Total runtime for last status check run (Workflow for PR)	24.5 Min
Total time spend in last status check run on PR	2.1 Hours