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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Ideal Gas Calculator</title>
<link rel="icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/bootstrap.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/style.css" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/fontawesome.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/fontawesome/css/brands.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/fontawesome/css/solid.css">
</head>
<body class="bg-pcode">
<header>
<div class="header"></div>
</header>
<section class="container">
<div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid mt-1 mb-1 shadow p-3 jumbo-bg">
<div class="container">
<h1 class="display-4 text-center text-wrap">Ideal Gas Calculator</h1>
<p class="lead">Calculate the pressure, volume, number of moles or temperature of an ideal gas
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- Equation Display -->
<section class="container border border-info bg_cont mb-1">
<div class="row">
<h3 class="d-flex justify-content-center">Equation</h3>
</div>
\begin{gather} pV\ =\ nRT\ \notag \end{gather}
</section>
<form id="SubmissionForm" novalidate>
<!-- Equation Selection -->
<section class="container border border-primary bg_cont mb-1">
<h4>Select the things you know:
<a tabindex="0" class="btn btn-link" role="button" data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-trigger="focus" data-bs-title="Select known variables" data-bs-content="By getting you to select the known variables you can start to become more familiar with the equations. You can select any three variables to calculate the fourth.">
<small><i class="far fa-question-circle fa"></i></small>
</a>
</h4>
<p>Please note that this calculator converts all inputs into SI or metric units (Pa, m<sup>3</sup>, mol and K) and uses a universal gas constant (R) of
<nobr>8.314462 m<sup>3</sup>⋅Pa⋅K<sup>-1</sup>⋅mol<sup>-1</sup></nobr>. In an exam, you will need to ensure that all units are converted to match the value of R that is being used. Select the three variables that you know and calculate for the
fourth. You can change your selection later if you want. This will help you become familiar with the processes of calculating ideal gas equations.</p>
<p>For more information about the Ideal Gas Law, please visit our <a href="https://example.com/ideal_gas_law" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ideal Gas Law</a> page.
</p>
<!-- Check Boxes -->
<div class="row align-items-center">
<div class="col-3 text-center">
<p class="fs-5 mb-0"><i class="fas text-warning fa-check-square me-2"></i>Select the variables you know:</p>
</div>
<div class="col-9">
<div class="ideal-check border p-3">
<div class="form-check form-switch border-bottom">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="pressure" id="pressure" name="pressure">
<label class="form-check-label" for="pressure">
Pressure (p)
</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-switch border-bottom">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="volume" id="volume" name="volume">
<label class="form-check-label" for="volume">
Volume (V)
</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-switch border-bottom">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="moles" id="moles" name="moles">
<label class="form-check-label" for="moles">
Moles (n)
</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-switch border-bottom">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="temperature" id="temperature" name="temperature">
<label class="form-check-label" for="temperature">
Temperature (T)
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="container border border-primary bg_cont">
<div class="row d-flex justify-content-center">
<div class="card shadow-sm p-3 mt-1 mb-1" style="width: 32rem;">
<i class="fa-solid fa-fire-flame-simple fa-10x rounded mx-auto d-block mt-1 shadow-sm p-3"></i>
<div class="card-body">
<h4 class="text-center">Ideal Gas Law<br>
</h4>
<!-- Input 1 Pressure -->
<div class="form-group">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-7">
<label for="inputPressure" class="form-label d-none d-sm-inline">Pressure
(p)</label>
<a tabindex="0" class="btn btn-link" data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-trigger="focus" data-bs-title="Pressure (Nm<sup>-2</sup>, Pa, psi, atm):" data-bs-content="Enter the pressure exerted by the object in units of newtons per
square meter (Nm<sup>-2</sup>), pascals (Pa), pounds per square inch (psi), or
atmospheres (atm). Example: 100 N/m<sup>2</sup> or 1 atm. Note: If you are
solving for force or area, you should input measurements in compatible units.">
<i class="far fa-question-circle fa"></i>
</a>
<input type="number" name="inputPressure" id="inputPressure" class="reset_form formCheck maxAllow form-control input-rounded-start" aria-label="Enter the pressure exerted by the object in units of newtons per
square meter (Nm<sup>-2</sup>), pascals (Pa), pounds per square inch (psi), or
atmospheres (atm)." data-input="pressure" value="" min="-1.00e12" max="1.00e12" step="any" autocomplete="off" disabled placeholder="Pressure (p)">
</div>
<div class="col-5">
<label for="unitsPressure" class="form-label">Units</label>
<select class="form-select form-control" name="unitsPressure" id="unitsPressure" data-input="pressure" disabled>
<option value="N/m^2" selected>Nm⁻²</option>
<option value="atm">atm</option>
<option value="Pa">Pa</option>
<option value="bar">bar</option>
<option value="psi">psi</option>
<option value="mmHg">mmHg</option>
<option value="torr">Torr</option>
<option value="hpa">hPa</option>
<option value="kpa">kPa</option>
<option value="mpa">MPa</option>
<option value="mbar">mbar</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Input 2 - Volume -->
<div class="form-group">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-7">
<label for="inputVolume" class="form-label d-none d-sm-inline">Volume (V)</label>
<a tabindex="0" class="btn btn-link" data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-trigger="focus"
data-bs-title="Volume (m<sup>3</sup>, cm<sup>3</sup>, L or mL):"
data-bs-content="Enter the volume of the gas in units of cubic meters
(m<sup>3</sup>),
cubic centimeters (cm<sup>3</sup>), liters (L), or milliliters (mL). Example: 0.01
m<sup>3</sup> or 1000 mL for a liter of gas. Note: If you are solving for volume,
leave
this field blank.">
<i class="far fa-question-circle fa"></i>
</a>
<input type="number" name="inputVolume" id="inputVolume"
class="reset_form formCheck maxAllow form-control input-rounded-start"
aria-label="input value for the volume of the ideal gas, metres cubed,
centimeters cubed, litres, or milliliters." data-input="volume"
value="" min="0" max="1e11" step="0.001"
autocomplete="off" disabled placeholder="Volume (V)">
</div>
<div class="col-5">
<label for="unitsVolume" class="form-label">Units</label>
<select class="form-select form-control" name="unitsVolume" id="unitsVolume"
data-input="volume" disabled>
<option value="m3" selected>m³</option>
<option value="cm3">cm³</option>
<option value="L">L</option>
<option value="mL">mL</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Input 3 specific moles -->
<div class="form-group">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-7">
<label for="inputMoles" class="form-label d-none d-sm-inline">Number of moles
(n)</label>
<a tabindex="0" class="btn btn-link" data-bs-toggle="popover"
data-bs-trigger="focus" data-bs-title="Moles (mol, mmol, μmol and nmol):"
data-bs-content="Enter the number of moles present. You do not need to know the
molecular formula for this. If this is the unit you're calculating, just leave
it blank.">
<i class="far fa-question-circle fa"></i>
</a>
<input type="number" name="inputMoles" id="inputMoles"
class="reset_form formCheck maxAllow form-control input-rounded-start"
aria-label="Enter the number of moles, n." data-input="moles" value=""
min="1e-45" max="1e100" step="any" autocomplete="off" disabled
placeholder="Number of Moles (n)">
</div>
<div class="col-5">
<label for="unitsMoles" class="form-label">Units</label>
<select class="form-select form-control" name="unitsMoles" id="unitsMoles"
data-input="moles" disabled>
<option value="mol" selected>mol</option>
<option value="mmol">mmol</option>
<option value="μmol">μmol</option>
<option value="nmol">nmol</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Input 4 Gas Constant -->
<div class="form-group">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-7">
<label for="inputGasConstant" class="form-label d-none d-sm-inline">Gas Constant (R)</label>
<a tabindex="0" class="btn btn-link" data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-trigger="focus"
data-bs-title="Gas Constant:"
data-bs-content="The gas constant (R) is a fundamental physical constant that cannot
be changed. It has a value of 8.314462 joules per mole per kelvin (J/mol/K), or
equivalently, 8.314462 cubic meters times pascals per mole times kelvin
(m<sup>3</sup>⋅Pa⋅K<sup>−1</sup>⋅mol<sup>−1</sup>). Please enter your values in
appropriate units and the calculator will handle the necessary conversions.">
<i class="far fa-question-circle fa"></i>
</a>
<input type="number" name="inputGasConstant" id="inputGasConstant"
class="reset_form formCheck maxAllow form-control input-rounded-start"
aria-label="input value for Change in Temperature in either Kelvin (K), Celsius
(°C), or
Fahrenheit (°F)" data-input="gasConstant" value="8.314462" autocomplete="off" disabled placeholder="8.314462">
</div>
<div class="col-5">
<label for="unitsGasConstant" class="form-label">Units</label>
<select class="form-select" name="unitsGasConstant" id="unitsGasConstant"
data-input="gasConstant" disabled>
<option value="R" selected>m³⋅Pa⋅K⁻¹⋅mol⁻¹</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Input 5 Temperature -->
<div class="form-group">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-7">
<label for="inputTemperature"
class="form-label d-none d-sm-inline">Temperature
(T)</label>
<a tabindex="0" class="btn btn-link" data-bs-toggle="popover"
data-bs-trigger="focus" data-bs-title="Change in Temperature (K, °C, °F):"
data-bs-content="The change in temperature is the measure of the change in average kinetic energy of
the substance's particles. Please enter the change in temperature (ΔT = T<sub>f</sub> -
T<sub>i</sub>)
temperature in either Kelvin (K), Celsius (°C), or Fahrenheit (°F). The calculator will
handle the necessary conversions for you. Example: 298 K, 25 °C, or 77 °F for standard
room temperature. The standard temperature is typically defined as 273.15 K (0 °C, 32
°F).">
<i class="far fa-question-circle fa"></i>
</a>
<input type="number" name="inputTemperature" id="inputTemperature"
class="reset_form formCheck maxAllow form-control input-rounded-start"
aria-label="input value for Change in Temperature in either Kelvin (K), Celsius
(°C), or
Fahrenheit (°F)" data-input="temperature" value="" min="0.0001"
max="6700" step="0.0001" autocomplete="off" disabled
placeholder="Temperature (ΔT)">
</div>
<div class="col-5">
<label for="unitsTemperature" class="form-label">Units</label>
<select class="form-select" name="unitsTemperature"
id="unitsTemperature" data-input="temperature" disabled>
<option value="k" selected>K</option>
<option value="c">°C</option>
<option value="f">°F</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- End Input 5 -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col text-center">
<button type="reset" class="btn-sm btn-outline-danger btn mb-2" id="resetButton1">Reset</button>
<a tabindex="0" class="btn btn-link" role="button" data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-trigger="focus" data-bs-title="Reset Form" data-bs-content="Reset the form to add new variables to calculate.">
<i class="far fa-question-circle fa mb-2"></i>
</a>
<button type="button" class="btn-sm btn btn-outline-success mb-2" id="submitButton" disabled>Calculate</button>
<a tabindex="0" class="btn btn-link" role="button" data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-trigger="focus" data-bs-title="Calculate" data-bs-content="Once you have added three variables submit the calculation for evaluation.">
<i class="far fa-question-circle fa mb-2"></i>
</a>
<div id="error"></div>
</div>
<br>
</section>
<!-- TABLE ONE - RESULTS -->
<section id="results_table_1" class="container border border-success mt-1 mb-1 bg_cont">
<h5>Table 1: Results in SI units</h5>
<table class="table table-sm">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="w50">Variable</th>
<th scope="col" class="w50">Amount</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Pressure (p)</td>
<td id="pressureOutput">Pa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Volume (V)</td>
<td id="volumeOutput">m<sup>3</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Moles (n)</td>
<td id="molOutput">mol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gas Constant (R)</td>
<td id="gasConstOut">m<sup>3</sup>⋅Pa⋅K<sup>-1</sup>⋅mol<sup>-1</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Temperature (T)</td>
<td id="temperatureOutput">K</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h6 class="equation_color">Equation Used:</h6>
<p id="equation"></p>
<p id="substitutedNumbers"></p>
<button type="reset" class="btn-sm btn-outline-danger btn mb-2" id="resetButton2">Reset</button>
<a tabindex="0" class="btn btn-link" role="button" data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-trigger="focus" data-bs-title="Reset Form" data-bs-content="Reset the form to add new variables to calculate. The answer will remain here until you calculate a new set of variables.">
<i class="far fa-question-circle fa mb-2"></i>
</a>
<br>
<p><em>Table 1 provides the SI unit for each variable. You can change the output accordingly and see the
common unit conversions in Table 2.</em></p>
</section>
</form>
<!-- Table 2 Results Table -->
<section class="container border border-success mt-1 mb-2 bg_cont">
<h5>Table 2: Results with common units displayed</h5>
<table class="table table-sm">
<thead>
<tr class="t_line">
<th scope="col" class="w50">Variable</th>
<th scope="col" class="w50">Amount</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Pressure (p)</td>
<td id="p1x">Pa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td id="p2x">bar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td id="p3x">atm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td id="p4x">mmHg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td id="p5x">PSI</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td id="p6x">Torr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td id="p7x">hPa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td id="p8x">kPa</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t_line">
<td></td>
<td id="p9x">MPa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Volume (V)</td>
<td id="v1x">m<sup>3</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td id="v2x">cm<sup>3</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td id="v3x">L</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t_line">
<td></td>
<td id="v4x">mL</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Moles (n)</td>
<td id="n1x">mol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td id="n2x">mmol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td id="n3x">μmol</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t_line">
<td></td>
<td id="n4x">nmol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Temperature (T)</td>
<td id="t1x">K</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td id="t2x">°C</td>
</tr>
<tr class="t_line">
<td></td>
<td id="t3x">°F</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><em>Table 2 shows the results of all the calculations and various units available with all conversions
completed.</em>
</p>
</section>
<div id="alert-container">
<div id="alert-box" role="alert" aria-label="Alert: Invalid input.">
<span id="alert-message">Invalid input.</span>
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