diff --git a/cmd/oras/root/push.go b/cmd/oras/root/push.go
index 1fd234de5..0423df717 100644
--- a/cmd/oras/root/push.go
+++ b/cmd/oras/root/push.go
@@ -141,8 +141,6 @@ func runPush(ctx context.Context, opts pushOptions) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer store.Close()
-	memStore := memory.New()
-	union := contentutil.MultiReadOnlyTarget(memStore, store)
 	if opts.manifestConfigRef != "" {
 		path, cfgMediaType, err := fileref.Parse(opts.manifestConfigRef, oras.MediaTypeUnknownConfig)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -163,12 +161,13 @@ func runPush(ctx context.Context, opts pushOptions) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	memoryStore := memory.New()
 	pack := func() (ocispec.Descriptor, error) {
-		root, err := oras.Pack(ctx, memStore, opts.artifactType, descs, packOpts)
+		root, err := oras.Pack(ctx, memoryStore, opts.artifactType, descs, packOpts)
 		if err != nil {
 			return ocispec.Descriptor{}, err
 		}
-		if err = memStore.Tag(ctx, root, root.Digest.String()); err != nil {
+		if err = memoryStore.Tag(ctx, root, root.Digest.String()); err != nil {
 			return ocispec.Descriptor{}, err
 		}
 		return root, nil
@@ -181,6 +180,7 @@ func runPush(ctx context.Context, opts pushOptions) error {
 	}
 	copyOptions := oras.DefaultCopyOptions
 	copyOptions.Concurrency = opts.concurrency
+	union := contentutil.MultiReadOnlyTarget(memoryStore, store)
 	updateDisplayOption(&copyOptions.CopyGraphOptions, union, opts.Verbose)
 	copy := func(root ocispec.Descriptor) error {
 		if tag := opts.Reference; tag == "" {
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ func runPush(ctx context.Context, opts pushOptions) error {
 	fmt.Println("Pushed", opts.AnnotatedReference())
 
 	if len(opts.extraRefs) != 0 {
-		contentBytes, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, memStore, root)
+		contentBytes, err := content.FetchAll(ctx, memoryStore, root)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ func runPush(ctx context.Context, opts pushOptions) error {
 	fmt.Println("Digest:", root.Digest)
 
 	// Export manifest
-	return opts.ExportManifest(ctx, memStore, root)
+	return opts.ExportManifest(ctx, memoryStore, root)
 }
 
 func updateDisplayOption(opts *oras.CopyGraphOptions, fetcher content.Fetcher, verbose bool) {
diff --git a/internal/contentutil/target.go b/internal/contentutil/target.go
index ae7659181..cb6cc3d81 100644
--- a/internal/contentutil/target.go
+++ b/internal/contentutil/target.go
@@ -41,33 +41,20 @@ func (m *multiReadOnlyTarget) Fetch(ctx context.Context, target ocispec.Descript
 	lastErr := errdef.ErrNotFound
 	for _, c := range m.targets {
 		rc, err := c.Fetch(ctx, target)
-		if err != nil {
-			if errors.Is(err, errdef.ErrNotFound) {
-				lastErr = err
-				continue
-			}
+		if err == nil {
+			return rc, nil
+		}
+		if !errors.Is(err, errdef.ErrNotFound) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		return rc, nil
+		lastErr = err
 	}
 	return nil, lastErr
 }
 
 // Exists returns true if the described content exists.
 func (m *multiReadOnlyTarget) Exists(ctx context.Context, target ocispec.Descriptor) (bool, error) {
-	lastErr := errdef.ErrNotFound
-	for _, c := range m.targets {
-		exists, err := c.Exists(ctx, target)
-		if err != nil {
-			if errors.Is(err, errdef.ErrNotFound) {
-				lastErr = err
-				continue
-			}
-			return false, err
-		}
-		return exists, nil
-	}
-	return false, lastErr
+	return false, errors.New("MultiReadOnlyTarget.Exists() not implemented")
 }
 
 // Resolve resolves the content from cache first, then from the provider.
@@ -75,14 +62,13 @@ func (m *multiReadOnlyTarget) Resolve(ctx context.Context, ref string) (ocispec.
 	lastErr := errdef.ErrNotFound
 	for _, c := range m.targets {
 		desc, err := c.Resolve(ctx, ref)
-		if err != nil {
-			if errors.Is(err, errdef.ErrNotFound) {
-				lastErr = err
-				continue
-			}
+		if err == nil {
+			return desc, nil
+		}
+		if !errors.Is(err, errdef.ErrNotFound) {
 			return ocispec.Descriptor{}, err
 		}
-		return desc, nil
+		lastErr = err
 	}
 	return ocispec.Descriptor{}, lastErr
 }