[CI] breakdown build and test workflow into individual files per job

[kavilla]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.

The build and test workflow has scaled to house too many jobs which makes it difficult to maintain.

Describe the solution you'd like

Once templates have been made for repetitive steps, break these jobs into separate files.

Proposal:

• lint, unit tests, integration tests workflow
• Functional tests workflow
• Build release test workflow
• BWC test workflow

Blocked by:
#3603

Note: it is not necessary that this is a blocker but if we do not first create templates then we will find us updating multiple files whenever we need to change something which increases the likelihood of errors and failed backports.

Describe alternatives you've considered

n/a

Additional context

n/a