diff --git a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/cleanup/TestsShouldNotBePublic.java b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/cleanup/TestsShouldNotBePublic.java
index c8dfe2387..0a6b4ebb3 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/cleanup/TestsShouldNotBePublic.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/cleanup/TestsShouldNotBePublic.java
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
-import lombok.Value;
 import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
 import org.openrewrite.ExecutionContext;
 import org.openrewrite.Option;
@@ -154,9 +153,12 @@ public J.MethodDeclaration visitMethodDeclaration(J.MethodDeclaration method, Ex
                 return m;
             }
 
-            if (m.getModifiers().stream().anyMatch(mod -> (mod.getType() == J.Modifier.Type.Public || (orProtected && mod.getType() == J.Modifier.Type.Protected)))
-                    && Boolean.FALSE.equals(TypeUtils.isOverride(method.getMethodType()))
-                    && hasJUnit5MethodAnnotation(m)) {
+            if (m.hasModifier(J.Modifier.Type.Abstract) || TypeUtils.isOverride(method.getMethodType())) {
+                return m;
+            }
+
+            if ((m.hasModifier(J.Modifier.Type.Public) || (orProtected && m.hasModifier(J.Modifier.Type.Protected))) &&
+                hasJUnit5MethodAnnotation(m)) {
                 // remove public modifier
                 doAfterVisit(new ChangeMethodAccessLevelVisitor<>(new MethodMatcher(method), null));
             }
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/cleanup/TestsShouldNotBePublicTest.java b/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/cleanup/TestsShouldNotBePublicTest.java
index 3d9679549..6e682caac 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/cleanup/TestsShouldNotBePublicTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/cleanup/TestsShouldNotBePublicTest.java
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ void testMethod() {
 
                   @Nested
                   public class NestedTestClass {
-                  
+
                       @Test
                       void anotherTestMethod() {
                       }
@@ -198,9 +198,9 @@ void ignoreOverriddenMethod() {
               abstract class AbstractTest {
                   public abstract void testMethod();
               }
-                            
+
               class BTest extends AbstractTest {
-                            
+
                   @Test
                   @Override
                   public void testMethod() {