diff --git a/joss.04664/10.21105.joss.04664.crossref.xml b/joss.04664/10.21105.joss.04664.crossref.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6a6c6b0bc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/joss.04664/10.21105.joss.04664.crossref.xml @@ -0,0 +1,293 @@ + + + + 20221118T164236-38f25ee25cc324ec6ca50c1d2d268523fa7c4b0b + 20221118164236 + + JOSS Admin + admin@theoj.org + + The Open Journal + + + + + Journal of Open Source Software + JOSS + 2475-9066 + + 10.21105/joss + https://joss.theoj.org/ + + + + + 11 + 2022 + + + 7 + + 79 + + + + ur-scape: harnessing data for stakeholder participation +in city-making processes + + + + David + Neudecker + + + Michael + Joos + + + Muhammad Salihin Bin + Zaol-kefli + + + Yuhao + Lu + + + Niraly + Mangal + + + Stephen + Cairns + + + + 11 + 18 + 2022 + + + 4664 + + + 10.21105/joss.04664 + + + http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ + http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ + http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ + + + + Software archive + 10.3929/ethz-b-000578490 + + + GitHub review issue + https://github.com/openjournals/joss-reviews/issues/4664 + + + + 10.21105/joss.04664 + https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.04664 + + + https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.04664.pdf + + + + + + The digital transformation of +planning + Batty + Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics +and City Science + 10.1177/23998083211016122 + 2021 + Batty, M. (2021). The digital +transformation of planning. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics +and City Science. +https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083211016122 + + + Platform urbanism: negotiating platform +ecosystems in connected cities + Barns + 2020 + Barns, S. (2020). Platform urbanism: +negotiating platform ecosystems in connected cities. Springer +Nature. + + + Free and open source urbanism: Software for +urban planning practice + Yap + Computers, Environment and Urban +Systems + 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101825 + 2022 + Yap, W., Janssen, P., & Biljecki, +F. (2022). Free and open source urbanism: Software for urban planning +practice. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. +https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101825 + + + Promoting Gender Equality and Women’s +Empowerment (Phase 2): Future Cities, Future Women Initiative Bandung +Consultant’s Report + Asian Development Bank (ADB) + 2019 + Asian Development Bank (ADB). (2019). +Promoting Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment (Phase 2): Future +Cities, Future Women Initiative Bandung Consultant’s Report. +https://www.adb.org/projects/documents/reg-48206-001-tacr-3 + + + Manual on Leveraging Spatial Data for +Pandemic-Resilient Cities (Report) + Future Cities Laboratory Global + 2021 + Future Cities Laboratory Global. +(2021). Manual on Leveraging Spatial Data for Pandemic-Resilient Cities +(Report). +https://events.development.asia/system/files/materials/2021/06/202106-manual-leveraging-spatial-data-pandemic-resilient-cities.pdf + + + Urban Resilience Assessment of Cirebon City +(Report) + Livable Settlements Investment Project + 2021 + Livable Settlements Investment +Project. (2021). Urban Resilience Assessment of Cirebon City (Report). +https://www.livingcities.se/uploads/1/5/3/3/15335706/cirebon_urban_resilience_assessment_-_adb_lsip.pdf + + + Slum Assessment for Makassar City +(Report) + Livable Settlements Investment Project + 2021 + Livable Settlements Investment +Project. (2021). Slum Assessment for Makassar City (Report). +https://www.livingcities.se/uploads/1/5/3/3/15335706/lsip_makassar_report_eng.pdf + + + Geographic information system: Old principles +with new capabilities + Maliene + 10.1057/udi.2010.25 + 2011 + Maliene, V., Grigonis, V., +Palevičius, V., & Griffiths, S. (2011). Geographic information +system: Old principles with new capabilities. +https://doi.org/10.1057/udi.2010.25 + + + The New Science of Cities + Batty + 2013 + Batty, M. (2013). The New Science of +Cities. + + + A unified theory of urban +living + Bettencourt + 10.1038/467912a + 2010 + Bettencourt, L., & Geoffrey, W. +(2010). A unified theory of urban living. +https://doi.org/10.1038/467912a + + + Geodesign by integrating design and geospatial +sciences + Lee + 2014 + Lee, D., Dias, E., & Scholten, H. +J. (2014). Geodesign by integrating design and geospatial sciences. +Springer International Publishing. +https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-08299-8 + + + Strengthening Participation Using Interactive +Planning Support Systems: A Systematic Review + Flacke J + 10.3390/ijgi9010049 + 2020 + Flacke J, Rehana, S, & Aguilar, +R. (2020). Strengthening Participation Using Interactive Planning +Support Systems: A Systematic Review. +https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9010049 + + + Planning support systems best practice and +new methods + Geertman + 2009 + Geertman, S., & Stillwell, J. +(2009). Planning support systems best practice and new +methods. + + + Geodesign in Practice: What about the urban +designers + Pelzer + 10.1007/978-3-319-08299-8_21 + 2013 + Pelzer, P., Brömmelstroet, M. T., +& S., G. (2013). Geodesign in Practice: What about the urban +designers. +https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08299-8_21 + + + Semantic City Planning Systems (SCPS): A +Literature Review + von Richthofen + 10.1177/08854122211068526 + 2022 + von Richthofen, A., Herthogs, P., +Kraft, M., & Cairns, S. (2022). Semantic City Planning Systems +(SCPS): A Literature Review. +https://doi.org/10.1177/08854122211068526 + + + A framework for geodesign: Changing geography +by design + Haddad + 10.1177/0739456X15581606 + 2012 + Haddad, M. (2012). A framework for +geodesign: Changing geography by design. +https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X15581606 + + + World Urbanization Prospects + UN Department of Economic and Social +Affairs + 2018 + UN Department of Economic and Social +Affairs. (2018). World Urbanization Prospects. + + + The world beyond GIS + Zwick + 2010 + Zwick, P. (2010). The world beyond +GIS. https://trid.trb.org/view/925657 + + + + + + diff --git a/joss.04664/10.21105.joss.04664.jats b/joss.04664/10.21105.joss.04664.jats new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4f32985445 --- /dev/null +++ b/joss.04664/10.21105.joss.04664.jats @@ -0,0 +1,496 @@ + + +
+ + + + +Journal of Open Source Software +JOSS + +2475-9066 + +Open Journals + + + +4664 +10.21105/joss.04664 + +ur-scape: harnessing data for stakeholder participation +in city-making processes + + + + +Neudecker +David + + + + + +Joos +Michael + + + + + +Zaol-kefli +Muhammad Salihin Bin + + + + + +Lu +Yuhao + + + + + +Mangal +Niraly + + + + + +Cairns +Stephen + + + + + +Future Cities Laboratory Global, Singapore-ETH Centre, +Singapore + + + + +4 +7 +2022 + +7 +79 +4664 + +Authors of papers retain copyright and release the +work under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC +BY 4.0) +2022 +The article authors + +Authors of papers retain copyright and release the work under +a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY +4.0) + + + +Unity +C# +Python +Mapbox +QGIS + + + + + + Summary +

The growing technical sophistication of city planning software M. + Batty + (2013) + has produced increasingly specialised work flows that tend to + alineate, rather than engage, stakeholders Yap et al. + (2022). + This contradicts the basic purpose of such software – or Planning + Support Systems (PSS) – to improve the sustainability and long-term + resilience of cities by harnessing increasing volumes of digital data + to encourage greater stakeholder participation in city-making + processes von Richthofen et al. + (2022).

+

The disconnection of data from stakeholders is especially + debilitating for rapidly urbanising regions in Asia and Africa. Cities + in these regions are growing at unprecedented rates + (UN + Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2018) and typically + mix both formal and informal, urban and rural land-uses. The uneven, + dynamic and ambiguous settlement patterns and data landscape that + result are not always readily described with definitive, + boundary-oriented and line-based graphical conventions. The policy + makers, developers, investors, civil society actors, academics and the + general public here urgently need access to reliable data in + appropriate formats to support the planning of their cities and + regions.

+

ur-scape aims to offer solutions as part of the dataful way of + city-making and city-managing. Specifically, ur-scape is an + open-source planning support software designed to respond to the + issues of rapid urbanisation in Asia and Africa. Supported by Unity + game-engine, ur-scape aims to improve stakeholder access to data + through an innovative data rendering format and an intuitive UI/UX + concept.

+
+ + Statement of need +

The data rendering format prioritises (raster-based) continuous + grid-based data fields. We call this techniques ‘gridded Venn + diagrams’ (Figure 1). + ur-scape displays gridded data with an additive colour-mixed Venn + diagrammatic representation at each centroid. Each coloured circle in + the Venn diagram carries data from a given data set, be it population + density, poverty, night-light, or CO2 emissions. As each centroid can + accommodate a theoretically infinite number of colour-mixed circles + arrayed around it, this rendering format facilitates layering and + viewing multiple datasets at once. By avoiding the cumbersome data + layering techniques typical of current PSS (through manipulations of + opacity and transparency levels), this format encourages rapid and + simple analyses of diverse kinds of data.

+ +

Illustrations of gridded Venn diagram concept at various + scales.

+ +
+

This approach is combined with an intuitive UI/UX concept based on + simple and well-known gesture-based interaction formats – touch, + pinch, zoom. The interaction concept is supported by a range of + intuitive and “on-the-fly” analytical tools – such as contouring of + multiple geospatial dataset intersections, transects and dissects – + that make the most of the gridded Venn diagram approach in combination + with multiple base maps (satellite, cadastral, traffic, and OSM). + Utilising Unity’s processing and rendering capability, ur-scape is + able to dynamically adjust image resolution based on the zoom level + (i.e. extent of the dataset) to provide a fluent and seamless user + experience even with large global datasets. Detailed descriptions and + how-to instructions can be found in our website: + https://ur-scape.sec.sg/en/Tutorials

+

This gives ur-scape a number of advantages over conventional + planning support software:

+ + + +

Integrates data management. Metadata input is mandatory and + built-in in to ur-scape’s import procedure which ensures that + users develop the habit of initiating and maintaining accurate + metadata. This is particularly needed in the rapidly urbanising + regions in Asia and Africa.

+
+ + +

Supports problem-setting and problem-solving. The inclusion of + data of varying quality is often more effective is shaping agendas + than high object- and boundary-precision data + (Pelzer + et al., 2013). This approach supports users to shape and + prioritise problem statements based on the dynamic geographical, + institutional and data contexts in which they are working.

+
+ + +

Offers quick access for non-expert. The intuitive UI/UX does + not require users to undergo intensive training, so facilitates + almost immediate interaction between expert and non-expert around + real-time spatial data + (Figure 2).

+
+ + +

Enhances iterative experimentation with best available data. + ur-scape encourages users to make best use of uneven data quality + by enabling rapid and repeated trialling of diverse data sets, + including the use of data proxies where bespoke data is not + available.

+
+
+ +

A conceptual comparison between conventional work and + ur-scape workflow involving data and disciplinary-specific + experts.

+ +
+
+ + Use cases +

ur-scape was developed in collaboration with a number of government + agencies and multilateral institutions in East, South and Southeast + Asia which were addressing a range of practical challenges concerning + rapid urbanisation. For example, ur-scape was deployed in a number of + projects such as gender equality and female empowerment in Bandung, + Indonesia + (Asian + Development Bank (ADB), 2019), spatial planning during COVID-19 + pandemic + (Future + Cities Laboratory Global, 2021), urban resilience + (Livable + Settlements Investment Project, 2021b), and slum assessment + (Livable + Settlements Investment Project, 2021a).

+
+ + ur-scape architecture +

ur-scape was developed in both game engine (Unity) and web-based + environments. The desktop game-engine-enabled version supports + real-time rendering. The desktop-based version compatible with a + variety of platforms including Windows, MacOS, and Web is currently + under development.

+

Generally, ur-scape is structured under four key components: + preparation, data, app, and develop + (Figure 3). In the + preparation stage, users interact with Mapbox to prepare the custom + base maps they wish to render in the application. See + detailed + tutorials. In the current version of ur-scape (version + 0.9.95), users also rely on QGIS to prepare and export both raster and + vector data to a .csv format + (see + documentation). Metadata input is a required step when + importing data into ur-scape. In the Data stage, data from the + previous stage (i.e. csv files) are placed in ur-scape’s Data folder + along with other data files (i.e. in-built tools and application + configuration data files) used for the application’s interpretation. + This leads to the App stage whereby the application interprets all the + data files and renders them on an interactive map (set up via Mapbox + during the initial installation of ur-scape). A list of sites + containing data layers are also available for users to interact with. + Site panel is a useful feature for projects involving local datasets + with different data layer categories or in a different language.

+

Users can make use of the in-built tools to interact with and + analyse the GIS data. Currently, ur-scape supports a total number of + 11 + tools with various complexity and data requirements. The + folder structure of existing and new tools, as well as the + application’s platform configuration files are illustrated in + Figure 3.

+ +

Core components and folder structure of ur-scape + software.

+ +
+
+ + Future developments +

The development of ur-scape is based on the integrated + socio-technical goals outlined above and is guided by three + principles: streamlined workflow (i.e. bypassing QGIS importer), + web-friendly (i.e. browser-based), open-ended (i.e. be able to export + results as GIS datasets such as GeoTIFF or GeoJSON).

+
+ + Acknowledgement +

ur-scape was developed at Future Cities Laboratory (FCL). FCL was + established by ETH-Zürich and Singapore’s National Research Foundation + (NRF), and operates under the auspices of the Singapore-ETH Centre + (SEC) at the CREATE campus in Singapore. We thank the NRF, Asian + Development Bank (ADB) and State Secretariat for Economic Affairs + (SECO) for funding the research. We thank our partners in Indonesia + and Vietnam and colleagues at FCL for their feedback, suggestions and + support in the development of ur-scape.

+
+ + + + + + + BattyM. + + The digital transformation of planning + Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science + 2021 + 10.1177/23998083211016122 + + + + + + BarnsS + + Platform urbanism: negotiating platform ecosystems in connected cities + Springer Nature + 2020 + + + + + + YapW. + JanssenP. + BiljeckiF + + Free and open source urbanism: Software for urban planning practice + Computers, Environment and Urban Systems + 2022 + 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101825 + + + + + + Asian Development Bank (ADB) + + Promoting Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment (Phase 2): Future Cities, Future Women Initiative Bandung Consultant’s Report + 2019 + https://www.adb.org/projects/documents/reg-48206-001-tacr-3 + + + + + + Future Cities Laboratory Global + + Manual on Leveraging Spatial Data for Pandemic-Resilient Cities (Report) + 2021 + https://events.development.asia/system/files/materials/2021/06/202106-manual-leveraging-spatial-data-pandemic-resilient-cities.pdf + + + + + + Livable Settlements Investment Project + + Urban Resilience Assessment of Cirebon City (Report) + 2021 + https://www.livingcities.se/uploads/1/5/3/3/15335706/cirebon_urban_resilience_assessment_-_adb_lsip.pdf + + + + + + Livable Settlements Investment Project + + Slum Assessment for Makassar City (Report) + 2021 + https://www.livingcities.se/uploads/1/5/3/3/15335706/lsip_makassar_report_eng.pdf + + + + + + MalieneV. + GrigonisV. + PalevičiusV + GriffithsS + + Geographic information system: Old principles with new capabilities + 2011 + 10.1057/udi.2010.25 + + + + + + BattyM + + The New Science of Cities + 2013 + + + + + + BettencourtL + GeoffreyW + + A unified theory of urban living + 2010 + 10.1038/467912a + + + + + + LeeD + DiasE + ScholtenH. J + + Geodesign by integrating design and geospatial sciences + Springer International Publishing + 2014 + https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-08299-8 + + + + + + Flacke J + RehanaS + AguilarR + + Strengthening Participation Using Interactive Planning Support Systems: A Systematic Review + 2020 + 10.3390/ijgi9010049 + + + + + + GeertmanStan + StillwellJ. + + Planning support systems best practice and new methods + 2009 + + + + + + PelzerP. + BrömmelstroetM. T. + S.Geertman + + Geodesign in Practice: What about the urban designers + 2013 + 10.1007/978-3-319-08299-8_21 + + + + + + von RichthofenA + HerthogsP + KraftM + CairnsS + + Semantic City Planning Systems (SCPS): A Literature Review + 2022 + 10.1177/08854122211068526 + + + + + + HaddadM + + A framework for geodesign: Changing geography by design + 2012 + 10.1177/0739456X15581606 + + + + + + UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs + + World Urbanization Prospects + 2018 + + + + + + ZwickP. + + The world beyond GIS + 2010 + https://trid.trb.org/view/925657 + + + + +
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