diff --git a/joss.04406/10.21105.joss.04406.crossref.xml b/joss.04406/10.21105.joss.04406.crossref.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..965041a7fd --- /dev/null +++ b/joss.04406/10.21105.joss.04406.crossref.xml @@ -0,0 +1,286 @@ + + + + 20220817T182140-067aacb2d8198ea231f0559f4e3cb880c5d3139b + 20220817182140 + + JOSS Admin + admin@theoj.org + + The Open Journal + + + + + Journal of Open Source Software + JOSS + 2475-9066 + + 10.21105/joss + https://joss.theoj.org/ + + + + + 08 + 2022 + + + 7 + + 76 + + + + GHEtool: An open-source tool for borefield sizing in +Python + + + + Wouter + Peere + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2311-5981 + + + Tobias + Blanke + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1529-5529 + + + + 08 + 17 + 2022 + + + 4406 + + + 10.21105/joss.04406 + + + http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ + http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ + http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ + + + + Software archive + 10.5281/zenodo.7004037 + + + GitHub review issue + https://github.com/openjournals/joss-reviews/issues/4406 + + + + 10.21105/joss.04406 + https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.04406 + + + https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.04406.pdf + + + + + + GLHEPRO – A Design Tool For Commercial +Building Ground Loop Heat Exchangers + Spitler + Proceedings of the fourth international heat +pumps in cold climates conference + 2000 + Spitler, J. D. (2000, August). +GLHEPRO – A Design Tool For Commercial Building Ground Loop Heat +Exchangers. Proceedings of the Fourth International Heat Pumps in Cold +Climates Conference. +https://hvac.okstate.edu/sites/default/files/pubs/papers/2000/08-HPCC_GLHEPRO.pdf + + + A review of vertical ground heat exchanger +sizing tools including an inter-model comparison + Ahmadfard + Renewable and Sustainable Energy +Reviews + 110 + 10.1016/j.rser.2019.04.045 + 1364-0321 + 2019 + Ahmadfard, M., & Bernier, M. +(2019). A review of vertical ground heat exchanger sizing tools +including an inter-model comparison. Renewable and Sustainable Energy +Reviews, 110, 247–265. +https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.04.045 + + + Thermal Analysis of Heat Extraction +Boreholes + Eskilson + 1987 + Eskilson, P. (1987). Thermal Analysis +of Heat Extraction Boreholes [PhD Thesis, Dep. of Mathematical Physics, +University of Lund]. +https://www.buildingphysics.com/download/Eskilson1987.pdf + + + pygfunction: an open-source toolbox for the +evaluation of thermal response factors for geothermal borehole +fields + Cimmino + Proceedings of eSim 2018, the 10th conference +of IBPSA-canada + 2018 + Cimmino, M. (2018, May). pygfunction: +an open-source toolbox for the evaluation of thermal response factors +for geothermal borehole fields. Proceedings of eSim 2018, the 10th +Conference of IBPSA-Canada. +http://www.ibpsa.org/proceedings/eSimPapers/2018/2-3-A-4.pdf + + + EED - Earth Energy Designer + Hellström + 2000 + Hellström, G., & Sanner, B. +(2000). EED - Earth Energy Designer (Version 2.0) [User Manual]. +https://buildingphysics.com/manuals/eed.pdf + + + Validated combined first and last year +borefield sizing methodology + Peere + International building simulation conference +2021 + 10.26868/25222708.2021.30180 + 2021 + Peere, W., Picard, D., Cupeiro +Figueroa, I., Boydens, W., & Helsen, L. (2021, September). Validated +combined first and last year borefield sizing methodology. International +Building Simulation Conference 2021. +https://doi.org/10.26868/25222708.2021.30180 + + + 2018 Global Status Report: Towards a +zero-emission, efficient and resilient buildings and construction +sector + Abergel + 2018 + Abergel, T., Dean, B., Dulac, J., +Hamilton, I., & Wheeler, T. (2018). 2018 Global Status Report: +Towards a zero-emission, efficient and resilient buildings and +construction sector. International Energy Agency; the United Nations +Environment Programme. +https://www.worldgbc.org/sites/default/files/2018%20GlobalABC%20Global%20Status%20Report.pdf + + + geoSIM - your freeware tool for simulating +and sizing of borefields with geoKOAX + geoKOAX + geoKOAX. (n.d.). geoSIM - your +freeware tool for simulating and sizing of borefields with geoKOAX. +Retrieved June 30, 2022, from +https://geokoax.com/en/our-products/simulation/ + + + Software - Tools to design and support your +Ground Source Heat Pump Installation + International Ground Source Heat Pump Association +(IGSHPA) + International Ground Source Heat Pump +Association (IGSHPA). (n.d.). Software - Tools to design and support +your Ground Source Heat Pump Installation. Retrieved June 30, 2022, from +https://igshpa.org/software/ + + + GLD SOFTWARE + Thermal Dynamics Inc. + Thermal Dynamics Inc. (n.d.). GLD +SOFTWARE. Retrieved July 22, 2022, from +https://groundloopdesign.com/ + + + A European Green Deal: Striving to be the +first climate-neutral continent + The European Commission + The European Commission. (n.d.). A +European Green Deal: Striving to be the first climate-neutral continent. +https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en + + + European Green Deal: Commission proposes to +boost renovation and decarbonisation of buildings + The European Commission + 2021 + The European Commission. (2021). +European Green Deal: Commission proposes to boost renovation and +decarbonisation of buildings. +https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_21_6683 + + + Hybrid ground-source heat pump system with +active air source regeneration + Allaerts + Energy Conversion and +Management + 90 + 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.11.009 + 0196-8904 + 2015 + Allaerts, K., Coomans, M., & +Salenbien, R. (2015). Hybrid ground-source heat pump system with active +air source regeneration. Energy Conversion and Management, 90, 230–237. +https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.11.009 + + + A review on energy piles design, sizing and +modelling + Fadejev + Energy + 122 + 10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.097 + 0360-5442 + 2017 + Fadejev, J., Simson, R., Kurnitski, +J., & Haghighat, F. (2017). A review on energy piles design, sizing +and modelling. Energy, 122, 390–407. +https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.097 + + + A methodology for long-term model predictive +control of hybrid geothermal systems: The shadow-cost +formulation + Cupeiro Figueroa + Energies + 23 + 13 + 10.3390/en13236203 + 1996-1073 + 2020 + Cupeiro Figueroa, I., Cimmino, M., +& Helsen, L. (2020). A methodology for long-term model predictive +control of hybrid geothermal systems: The shadow-cost formulation. +Energies, 13(23). +https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236203 + + + Design and assessment of low-carbon +residential district concepts with (collective) seasonal thermal energy +storage + Hermans + 2021 + Hermans, L., & Haesen, R. (2021). +Design and assessment of low-carbon residential district concepts with +(collective) seasonal thermal energy storage [Master Thesis, Dep. of +Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven (university of Leuven)]. +https://www.scriptiebank.be/sites/default/files/thesis/2021-10/Masters_thesis_RobinHaesen_LouisHermans.pdf + + + + + + diff --git a/joss.04406/10.21105.joss.04406.jats b/joss.04406/10.21105.joss.04406.jats new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5c5ca0aca3 --- /dev/null +++ b/joss.04406/10.21105.joss.04406.jats @@ -0,0 +1,508 @@ + + +
+ + + + +Journal of Open Source Software +JOSS + +2475-9066 + +Open Journals + + + +4406 +10.21105/joss.04406 + +GHEtool: An open-source tool for borefield sizing in +Python + + + +0000-0002-2311-5981 + +Peere +Wouter + + + +* + + +0000-0003-1529-5529 + +Blanke +Tobias + + + + + +Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leuven +(KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium + + + + +boydens engineering - part of Sweco, Dilbeek, +Belgium + + + + +Solar-Institute Jülich, FH Aachen, Aachen, +Germany + + + + +* E-mail: + + +5 +8 +2022 + +7 +76 +4406 + +Authors of papers retain copyright and release the +work under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC +BY 4.0) +2022 +The article authors + +Authors of papers retain copyright and release the work under +a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY +4.0) + + + +geothermal +energy +borefields +sizing + + + + + + Summary +

GHEtool is a Python package that contains all the functionalities + needed to deal with borefield design. It is developed for both + researchers and practitioners. The core of this package is the + automated sizing of borefield under different conditions. The sizing + of a borefield is typically slow due to the high complexity of the + mathematical background. Because this tool has a lot of precalculated + data, GHEtool can size a borefield in the order of tenths of + milliseconds. This sizing typically takes the order of minutes. + Therefore, this tool is suited for being implemented in typical + workflows where iterations are required.

+

GHEtool also comes with a graphical user interface (GUI). This GUI + is prebuilt as an exe-file because this provides access to all the + functionalities without coding. A setup to install the GUI at the + user-defined place is also implemented and available at: + https://www.mech.kuleuven.be/en/tme/research/thermal_systems/tools/ghetool.

+
+ + Statement of need +

The building sector uses 36 % of global energy and is responsible + for 39 % of energy-related CO2 emissions when upstream + power generation is included, with more than half of this energy used + by space heating, space cooling and water heating + (Abergel + et al., 2018). In order to reach the climate goals, as set by + the European Green Deal, the building sector should strive towards + decarbonisation in order to achieve a zero-emission building stock by + 2050 + (The + European Commission, n.d., + 2021). + One of the promising ways to achieve this goal is by using shallow + geothermal energy, thereby storing heat/cold in borefields, enabling + seasonal thermal energy storage. Therefore, much interest exists from + academia and practitioners in this field.

+

One of the main challenges in this domain is to size a borefield, + which is critical since borefields have a very high investment cost, + so we want them to be as small as possible to increase their + (economic) feasibility + (Allaerts + et al., 2015). In all research related to optimising borefield + loads + (Cupeiro + Figueroa et al., 2020), studying sensitivity on borefield + configurations + (Fadejev + et al., 2017), and integrating seasonal thermal energy storage + in (fifth-generation) district heating + (Hermans + & Haesen, 2021), etc., borefield sizing plays a central + role.

+

GHEtool is a Python package with a graphical counterpart centred + around borefield sizing and the evaluation of temperature + evolution.

+

The main advantage of GHEtool is that the ground response functions + (gfunctions + (Eskilson, + 1987)), which are needed to size a borefield, are already + precalculated for more than 140 000 borefield – ground combinations. + Due to this precalculation, one can save from a couple of seconds to + several minutes to calculate the gfunction for even one borefield. On + the other hand, the tool provides the option to provide your gfunction + data for your own custom borefield configuration.

+

GHEtool aims to be used both by academic researchers in thermal + systems integration and as a tool for educational purposes. It offers + all the code and functions needed to size a borefield. Also, it + evaluates the mean fluid and borehole wall temperature evolution. + Therefore, GHEtool is beneficial for research activities relating to + fifth-generation district heating, seasonal thermal energy storage and + sensitivity analysis on borefield parameters.

+

The tool comes with a GUI. This interface is particularly + beneficial for educational purposes, where students (and trained + engineers) can play around to see how specific decisions influence the + behaviour of the borefield. It is used at the University of Leuven + (Belgium) for all master thesis students that work in the geothermal + study domain and in the course B-KUL-H0H00A Thermal Systems.

+

Furthermore, practitioners in the heating, ventilation and air + condition (HVAC) domain can use it to size their borefields correctly, + so they become more economically feasible and ready to play an + essential role in the energy transition of the built environment.

+
+ + Comparison with existing tools +

Multiple tools are available for sizing borefields:

+ + +

EED and GLHEPRO are commercial, standalone tools for + borefields. They allow the user, a.o., to plot the mean fluid and + borehole wall temperature evolution + (Hellström + & Sanner, 2000; + Spitler, + 2000). Furthermore, the user can size a borefield + (Hellström + & Sanner, 2000; + Spitler, + 2000). The automated sizing in EED sometimes leads to an + undersized borefield + (Peere + et al., 2021). GLHEPRO does not have this problem since it + calculates the temperature in every month + (Spitler, + 2000).

+
+ +

geoSIM is a free tool for simulating and sizing borefields but + only with one particular type of tubing (geoKOAX). It is also + standalone + (geoKOAX, + n.d.).

+
+ +

Ground Loop Design software (GLDTM) “is the world’s leading + commercial GHX software design tool” + (International + Ground Source Heat Pump Association (IGSHPA), n.d.; + Thermal + Dynamics Inc., n.d.). It allows the user, a.o., to plot the + mean fluid and borehole wall temperature evolution. Furthermore, + the user can size the borefield.

+
+ +

A commonly used package in the borefield domain is pygfunction. + Pygfunction is an open-source Python package to calculate the + thermal response factors of the ground. This function forms the + basis of many borefield simulation and sizing programs + (Cimmino, + 2018). With this Python package, the data of GHEtool was + precalculated.

+
+
+

From the mentioned tools, only EED, GLHEPRO, geoSIM and GLDTM can + size borefields, but none of them is open source nor easy to be + integrated into your workflow since they are standalone. From all the + borefield sizing tools listed above, only geoSIM is free, but it only + works with one specific type of borehole tubing + (geoKOAX, + n.d.). Ahmadfard & Bernier + (2019) + reviewed exhaustive literature of all existing borefield sizing + methods and tools.

+
+ + Features +

GHEtool offers functionalities of value to all different + disciplines working with borefields. The features are available both + in the code environment and in the GUI. These features are:

+ + +

Sizing the borefield (i.e., calculating the required depth) for + a given injection and extraction load for the borefield (two + sizing methods are available). The tool can work with monthly and + hourly load profiles

+
+ +

Finding the optimal rectangular borefield configuration for a + given heating and cooling load

+
+ +

Optimising the load profile for a given heating and cooling + load

+
+ +

Using dynamically calculated borehole thermal resistance (using + directly the code from pygfunction + (Cimmino, + 2018))

+
+ +

Calculating the temperature evolution of the ground for a given + building load and borefield configuration

+
+ +

Importing heating and cooling loads from *.csv and *.xlsx + files

+
+ +

Using your custom borefield configuration

+
+
+
+ + Acknowledgements +

The first author would like to thank his supervisors Lieve Helsen + and Wim Boydens and his coaches Damien Picard and Iago Cupeiro + Figueroa for the guidance during his master thesis, which led to this + package development.

+

The authors would like to thank Felix Arjuna and Iago Cupeiro + Figueroa for the translation of the GUI.

+
+ + + + + + + SpitlerJeffrey D. + + GLHEPRO – A Design Tool For Commercial Building Ground Loop Heat Exchangers + Proceedings of the fourth international heat pumps in cold climates conference + Aylmer, QC, Canada + 200008 + 20220630 + https://hvac.okstate.edu/sites/default/files/pubs/papers/2000/08-HPCC_GLHEPRO.pdf + + + + + + AhmadfardMohammadamin + BernierMichel + + A review of vertical ground heat exchanger sizing tools including an inter-model comparison + Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews + 2019 + 110 + 1364-0321 + http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032119302576 + 10.1016/j.rser.2019.04.045 + 247 + 265 + + + + + + EskilsonPer + + Thermal Analysis of Heat Extraction Boreholes + Dep. of Mathematical Physics, University of Lund + Lund, Sweden + 198706 + 20220630 + https://www.buildingphysics.com/download/Eskilson1987.pdf + + + + + + CimminoMassimo + + pygfunction: an open-source toolbox for the evaluation of thermal response factors for geothermal borehole fields + Proceedings of eSim 2018, the 10th conference of IBPSA-canada + Montréal, QC, Canada + 201805 + 20220630 + http://www.ibpsa.org/proceedings/eSimPapers/2018/2-3-A-4.pdf + + + + + + HellströmGöran + SannerBurkhard + + EED - Earth Energy Designer + 20001030 + 20220630 + https://buildingphysics.com/manuals/eed.pdf + + + + + + PeereWouter + PicardDamien + Cupeiro FigueroaIago + BoydensWim + HelsenLieve + + Validated combined first and last year borefield sizing methodology + International building simulation conference 2021 + Brugge, Belgium + 202109 + 20220630 + 10.26868/25222708.2021.30180 + + + + + + AbergelThibaut + DeanBrian + DulacJohn + HamiltonIan + WheelerT + + 2018 Global Status Report: Towards a zero-emission, efficient and resilient buildings and construction sector + International Energy Agency; the United Nations Environment Programme + 2018 + 20220630 + https://www.worldgbc.org/sites/default/files/2018%20GlobalABC%20Global%20Status%20Report.pdf + + + + + + geoKOAX + + geoSIM - your freeware tool for simulating and sizing of borefields with geoKOAX + 20220630 + https://geokoax.com/en/our-products/simulation/ + + + + + + International Ground Source Heat Pump Association (IGSHPA) + + Software - Tools to design and support your Ground Source Heat Pump Installation + 20220630 + https://igshpa.org/software/ + + + + + + Thermal Dynamics Inc. + + GLD SOFTWARE + 20220722 + https://groundloopdesign.com/ + + + + + + The European Commission + + A European Green Deal: Striving to be the first climate-neutral continent + https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en + + + + + + The European Commission + + European Green Deal: Commission proposes to boost renovation and decarbonisation of buildings + 2021 + https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_21_6683 + + + + + + AllaertsK. + CoomansM. + SalenbienR. + + Hybrid ground-source heat pump system with active air source regeneration + Energy Conversion and Management + 2015 + 90 + 0196-8904 + https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196890414009650 + 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.11.009 + 230 + 237 + + + + + + FadejevJevgeni + SimsonRaimo + KurnitskiJarek + HaghighatFariborz + + A review on energy piles design, sizing and modelling + Energy + 2017 + 122 + 0360-5442 + https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544217301044 + 10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.097 + 390 + 407 + + + + + + Cupeiro FigueroaIago + CimminoMassimo + HelsenLieve + + A methodology for long-term model predictive control of hybrid geothermal systems: The shadow-cost formulation + Energies + 2020 + 13 + 23 + 1996-1073 + https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/23/6203 + 10.3390/en13236203 + + + + + + HermansLouis + HaesenRobin + + Design and assessment of low-carbon residential district concepts with (collective) seasonal thermal energy storage + Dep. of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven (university of Leuven) + Leuven, Belgium + 2021 + 20220726 + https://www.scriptiebank.be/sites/default/files/thesis/2021-10/Masters_thesis_RobinHaesen_LouisHermans.pdf + + + + +
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